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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution and habitat preference of ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) in a coastal sand-dune lake, Loch of Strathbeg, north-east Scotland (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 22 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1. Ostracods were a numerically abundant component of the benthos 〉0.1 mm in size (up to 20% of the total) in the Loch of Strathbeg.2. Distinct assemblages of species were associated with some habitats: Cypridopsis vidua (Müller) and Herpetocypris reptans (Baird) with Eleocharis palustris (L.) beds; Cypria uphtalmica (Jurine), Candona Candida Müller and Cypria exsculpta (Fischer) with Phragmites communis Trin. beds; and Limnocythere inopinata (Baird) with open sand. In contrast, no distinct ostracod assemblage was associated with submerged beds of Chara aspera Detharding, or Myriophyllum spicatum (L.).3. The number of ostracod species and ostracod diversity increased from open sand through macroalgal and submerged macrophytes to emergent macrophyte habitats and was associated with increasing number of types of detritus.4. Laboratory experiments suggested that substratum particle size played a dominant role in determining the distribution of L. inopinata. This species preferred sandy sediments. The distributions of both H. reptans and C. vidua were affected by food supply and H. reptans also preferred fine-grained sediments. The absence of these taxa from some habitats where food supply and sediment particle size conditions were suitable suggested that unmeasured factors played a role. A possible predatory exclusion of H. reptans from such habitats was indicated by a negative association of this species with a predatory mite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1989.tb01104.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Other environmental factors affect the size of crests developed by Daphnia carinata (Cladocera: Daphniidae) in response to notonectid predators (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 26 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1. Crest size and body size was measured in Daphnia carinata King sampled from field enclosures in which environmental conditions and notonectid predator (Anisops Hyperion Kirkaldy) levels had been manipulated, and from control treatments which had predator levels and other environmental factors equivalent to those in the natural environment.2. Individuals of D. carinata developed larger crests in treatments with predators than in treatments without predators.3. The environmentally manipulated treatment was considered to have lower levels of food but was also likely to have undergone other changes in physicochemistry and resource variability that may have affected crest size. The effect of the manipulation cannot be confirmed, therefore, as the result of variation in food levels. Animals in the treatments considered to have lower amounts of food had smaller crests than in the control treatment irrespective of whether predators were present. The effects of environmental manipulation and predators were additive.4. Enclosures without predators, but in which water from the natural, predator-rich, environment was exchanged through the enclosure walls, showed no evidence of a chemical induction effect. Chemical induction effects may have been countered by a reduced food supply resulting from the higher D. carinata population densities that developed in these enclosures.5. This work provides a second example of an alteration of the morphological response of daphnid prey to predators by environmental factors, probably food, and suggests this phenomenon may be general in cladoceran species displaying predator-induced changes in morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1991.tb00509.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic relatedness of foraminiferan (Marginopora vertebralis) populations from reefs in the Western Coral Sea and Great Barrier Reef (1991)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 10 (1991), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Allozyme variation at four loci and phenetic variation for esterase were examined in M. vertebralis populations from 10 reefs from the Western Coral Sea and two from the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Genetic distances (Nei's D) among populations on different reefs ranged from 0–0.932 and was neither related to geographical separation of reefs nor to depth of water separating reefs. These findings suggest long-distance dispersal by some means is sufficient to prevent genetic differentiation of M. vertebralis populations, and that M. vertebralis populations need not be connected by habitats suitable for the continued existence of the foraminiferan for genetic differentiation to be prevented. The Western Coral Sea reef populations did not form a related group that were genetically distinct from those on the GBR but were differentiated latitudinally. Reefs to the extreme north and south formed outliers while those on the northern half of the Queensland Plateau showed some differentiation from those on the southern half of the Plateau. This pattern of genetic variation appeared to reflect the distribution of populations north and south of the southern limit of the Southern Equatorial Current. Further work will be required to establish the soundness of this relationship, and to exclude other possible explanations related to historical events or the effects of selection. Relatively high dispersal was inferred between the Southern Queensland Plateau reefs and those sampled on the GBR (average Neis D=0.011). Holmes and Marion reefs formed discrete genetic outliers (average Neis D=0.69 and 0.20 respectively). In the case of Holmes reef other factors (e.g. history of recruitment) will need to be investigated to account for its marked genetic differentiation from the other reefs in the Queensland Plateau.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301904
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic structure of giant clam (Tridacna maxima) populations from reefs in the Western Coral Sea (1992)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 11 (1992), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Allozyme variation at six polymorphic loci was examined in 10 populations of Tridacna maxima from reefs in the Western Coral Sea, to test whether patterns of relatedness previously reported for foraminiferan populations reflected a fundamental structuring of the fauna in the region. Genetic distances (Nei's D) among populations of T. maxima ranged from 0–0.065 and increased with increasing geographical separation. No significant differences in gene frequencies were observed among populations within two groups of reefs identified by cluster analysis: the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), and among the offshore reefs excluding Lihou and Osprey. Significant genetic differences among these groups and the outliers Lihou and Osprey were consistent with the greater geographical separation of populations between areas than within areas. There was no evidence of differentiation along a north-south axis as reported for the foraminiferan Marginopora vertebralis, nor did populations from offshore reefs on the Queensland Plateau form a well-defined group that was genetically distinct from the GBR. The patterns observed for M. vertebralis do not appear to reflect a fundamental structuring of biota in the region. The differences in the pattern of genetic variation for M. vertebralis as compared with those for T. maxima may be due to several differences in the biological characteristics of the two species. The time of breeding in particular may influence the extent to which the divergence of the East Australian Current restricts larval dispersal among reefs in the central Queensland Plateau.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255467
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution, abundance, and the effects of fire on mound building termites (Trinervitermes and Cubitermes spp., Isoptera: Termitidae) in northern guinea savanna West Africa (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 559-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: West African termites ; Guinea savanna ; Termite ecology ; Trinervitermes ; Cubitermes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Termite mound densities in typical guinea savanna, Detarium, and grassland (boval) habitats in northern guinea savanna were determined by random quadratting of 2–3 sites in each habitat (100, 10x10 m quadrats per habitat). Dominant species in guinea savanna were T. geminatus (46 mounds ha-1) and T. oeconomus (21 mounds ha-1), in Detarium T. geminatus (59 mounds ha-1) and C. curtatus (45 mounds ha-1) and in boval C. curtatus (72 mounds ha-1) and T. geminatus (22 mounds ha-1). Only C. curtatus densities and total densities differed significantly between sites within habitats, but all species differed significantly in abundance between habitats. The composition of each community was related to general environment but no particular environmental variable was shown to be a major determinant of termite distribution. Evidence for the limitation of termite populations was obtained from indirect evidence of competition between colonies in Detarium, and by experimental manipulation of fire regimes in the typical guinea savanna habitat. Harvester termites increased four-five fold over two years in fire-protected plots as a result of increased food supplies. Total termite densities in the fire-protected community equilibrated to the new population density (100 mounds ha-1) after only two-three years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379904
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Daphnia obtusa Kurz, 1874 emend Scourfield, 1942 from Australia (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 333 (1996), S. 195-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Daphnia obtusa ; Australia ; Cladocera ; biogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Specimens of Daphnia found in Lake Burley Griffin in December 1994 (austral summer), were taken into laboratory culture where males and ephippial females were generated. All the key morphological features of the females, males and ephippia (resting eggs) fitted those described for Daphnia obtusa Kurz, 1874 emend Scourfield, 1942 not yet recorded from Australia. There were major differences between the specimens from Lake Burley Griffin and descriptions of D. jollyi, the only other species from the subgenus Daphnia in Australia which has a fringe of long setae in the mid-region of the ventral margin of the carapace. In addition, D. jollyi is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. The discovery of D. obtusa does not provide evidence for the existence of this taxon in Australia since the breakup of Gondwana in the Cretaceous. Its discovery in an artificial lake opened in 1964, and which has been extensively sampled without detection of this species over the last 10–20 years, suggests a recent introduction from overseas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00013433
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The colonisation mechanisms of stream benthos in a tropical river (Menik Ganga: Sri Lanka) (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 111 (1984), S. 171-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: stream benthos ; colonisation ; tropical rivers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Benthic invertebrates in a tropical river (Menik Ganga) recolonised denuded substrates within 2–3 weeks, though full diversity was not achieved until 4 weeks. No well defined succession was observed. All taxa apparently colonised at random from drift, upstream and vertical sources. Traps colonised from only one of these sources developed as abundant and diverse a fauna as control traps in 5 weeks. Strong spatial heterogeneity in the number and composition of colonisers was observed between replicate traps. It is suggested that colonisation resulted from random foraging activities and most colonists were derived from veryshort distances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007196
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The systematics of Australian Daphnia (Cladocera: Daphniidae). Species descriptions and keys (1988)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 166 (1988), S. 95-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Cladocera ; Daphnia ; Species descriptions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Species of Daphnia discovered in Australia during the last 10–15 years have provided important new evidence of an ancient, Pangaean, origin of the genus. Recent biogeographical and genetic work has also suggested an ancient origin for individual species within the D. carinata complex in Australia. The genetic studies highlighted the complexities of population structure in the group. However, in combination with morphometric studies, they also provided solutions to some difficult taxonomic problems. Since the systematic difficulties in the D. carinata complex reflect taxonomic problems fundamental to the genus, the Australian species have assumed a particular interest. New data on the distribution of the six taxa currently recognised in Australia, and detailed descriptions of both males and females of D. occidentalis, D. lumholtzi, D. cephalata, D. nivalis and D. carinata (sensu lato) and the female of D. jollyi (no male of D. jollyi has been found), are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028632
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The systematics of Australian Daphnia (Cladocera: Daphniidae). Electrophoretic analyses of the Daphnia carinata complex (1988)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 166 (1988), S. 183-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Cladocera ; Daphnia ; genetic variation ; Australia ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic variation at eleven allozyme loci was scored in approximately 1600 individual Daphnia. The samples included representatives of all nine taxa described from the D. carinata complex in Australia. Principal coordinates and cluster analyses revealed only three groups of genotypes within the complex, corresponding to the taxa D. cephalata, D. nivalis, and a conglomerate of all other taxa described from the complex, D. carinata (sensu lato). These results are consistent with recent multivariate morphological analyses of the complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028634
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The systematics of Australian Daphnia (Cladocera: Daphniidae). Multivariate morphometrics (1988)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 166 (1988), S. 163-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Cladocera ; Daphnia ; multivariate morphometrics ; Australia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Forty nine characters were measured in each of 76 male and 200 female Daphnia including specimens from all eleven taxa described from the genus in Australia, except D. jollyi. Separate multivariate analyses (cluster, principal components and discriminant) of males and females each revealed only five morphological groups in the genus corresponding to the species D. occidentalis, D. lumholtzi, D. cephalata, D. nivalis, and a conglomerate of all other taxa described from the D. carinata complex, D. carinata (sensu lato). Interpretation of the male results was straightforward, but that for females was not because of the occurrence of an environmentally induced seasonal change in morphology (cyclomorphosis) in females. Log transformations of the female data successfully isolated the effects of cyclomorphosis. The seasonal morphs formed two groups which were further differentiated into taxonomic groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028633
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