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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Theoretical Investigation of Source, Path and Site Effects During the 1986 Kalamata Earthquake (Greece) (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 104 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: On 1986 September 13 a magnitude 6.2 (Ms) earthquake occurred in the South Peloponnese (Greece) and severely damaged the town of Kalamata, In order to retrieve the acceleration levels recorded in Kalamata, synthetic accelerograms are computed. the source is modelled by an aggregate of circular shear-crack (barrier model) embedded, first in a two-layer crust model and second, in a structure taking into account a velocity gradient in the uppermost crust. Good agreement is found between the peak accelerations obtained from synthetics and those observed in Kalamata in the case of the gradient model. the model also predicts rapid variations (up to 50–60 per cent) of peak acceleration between stations spaced only 600 m apart. Therefore, the non-uniform repartition of damage observed in Kalamata may be explained, at least partly, as a source effect. Calculations also show that, because of the small distance between the fault plane and the stations, ground motion is dominated by the radiation of the closest sub-events and will depend on their stress-drop independently of the magnitude of the large event, Using a 2-D model, we also investigate the effects related to a north-south thickness variation of the surficial sedimentary deposits beneath the city. Expected peak spectral amplification is found to be relatively constant along the profile (about 3). However, the corresponding resonance frequency range is 2–4 Hz for the southern part of the city (where slight damage was observed) and 4–8 Hz for the northern part (from where heavy damage was reported). Simultaneous consideration of the largest aftershock strong motion records and of the aftershock distribution shows that the assumption concerning the average size of elementary subevent considered in the model is correct. Therefore, the rupture process on the Kalamata fault can be interpreted in terms of a barrier model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb02502.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial coherence of seismic wave fields across an alluvial valley (weak motion) (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of seismology 1 (1997), S. 253-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-157X
    Keywords: site-effects ; spatial variability ; coherence ; groundmotion amplification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The loss of coherence of seismic waves, even over small distances, can become significant and consequently important for engineering applications. This coherence loss depends on several parameters (frequency, inter-station distance), but their dependencies are not well understood yet. We show the results of a detailed analysis of the spatial variability of the coherence between two signals. This analysis is based on a simple model which is an exponential function of inter-station distance and frequency. Data from a temporary network of 36 weak-motion instruments installed at the EURO-SEISTEST site, north-east of Thessaloniki (Greece), is used in this work. The data offers the unique possibility to study the loss of coherence over a wide range of distances, as the inter-station distances are between 8 m and 5488 m. We test the influence on the coherence of the length of the time-window of the signals, of the type of the waves present in the time-window and of the common energy of the signals. We also show that, at least at this particular site, the loss of coherence with distance is probably marked by a "cross over" distance, distinguishing two different ranges: one for inter-station distances up to 100 m and the other above 100 m. Finally, we find that the coherence determined from noise recordings behaves in a rather similar way to the one determined from coda-waves and more stationary (longer) signals. Therefore, noise can be useful for a rough, but quick estimation of the loss of coherence, at least for inter-station distances larger than 100 m.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009725604616
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of strong ground motion at EURO-SEISTEST site using the empirical Green's function method (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of seismology 2 (1998), S. 193-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-157X
    Keywords: blind prediction ; empirical reen'sfunction method ; EURO-SEISTEST ; hypothetical ML=6.5 earthquake ; scaling laws ; strong ground motion ; volvi valley (Greece)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents some tests on the empirical Green's function method, performed in order to check its effectiveness to predict strong ground motion during future large earthquakes. These investigations basically consist of blind or pseudo-blind tests using part of the data set obtained at the Volvi (Greece) test-site within the framework of the EURO-SEISTEST project. In a first step, a moderate event (ML=4.1) is simulated by using a small event (ML=2.5), and taking into account the a priori knowledge of the relevant source parameters (magnitude and stress-drop) for both the base and target events. This check emphasizes the sensitivity of the prediction to the stress-drop values. In a second step, a pseudo-blind prediction is carried out in which the information on the target event is only the magnitude (ML=5.3) besides the geometrical parameters such as source location, strike and dip. The other important parameters (seismic moment, fault area, stress-drop) are determined on the basis of specific empirical scaling laws derived from several small and moderate events occurring in the area. The synthetic motions are computed for two nearby sites, which are located on the southern edge and in the center of the Mygdonian graben, respectively, and correspond to much different site conditions: weathered rock and thick sediments. They are found in good agreement with the observations, which were unveiled after the simulation. In particular, the amplitude and the phase of the late, local surface waves generated on the southern edge of the graben, are very well reproduced at valley center. Finally, the last step is an attempt to predict strong ground motion for a hypothetical large earthquake of magnitude ML=6.5. The results are shown to depend very significantly on the scaling laws.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009798704146
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ground motion prediction with the empirical Green's function technique: an assessment of uncertainties and confidence level (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of seismology 4 (2000), S. 59-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-157X
    Keywords: attenuation laws ; empirical Green's functions ; ground motion prediction ; Latin Hypercube Sampling ; sensitivity study ; uncertainties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An assessment of uncertainties for ground motion predictions with the aid of the empirical Green's function (EGF) technique is presented. The main input parameters were identified, and their respective uncertainties were assessed by means of an international expert inquiry. The repercussion of these ‘input uncertainties’ on the final ground motion estimates were investigated by means of the Latin Hypercube Sampling technique. The mean ground motion estimates (response spectra) and their standard deviations were compared with results obtained from empirical ‘attenuation laws’. The most sensitive input parameter turned out to be the seismic moment corresponding to the EGF. In general, if the source parameters are well determined, equivalent uncertainties, statistically speaking, can be expected from the EGF technique and from the application of attenuation laws. Therefore, if EGFs with well known source parameters are available, the EGF technique seems to be preferable: site effects are automatically taken into account, and physically realistic acceleration time histories can be obtained. However, further investigations on the reliability of the EGF technique should be performed, and finally, it is recalled that the EGF technique is based on the assumption of linearity. If conditions are such that this assumption cannot be maintained, the EGF technique should be combined with non-linear geotechnical methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009826529269
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  • 5
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    SERA workshop on Strong-motion Site characterization (L’Aquila, Italy) (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-13
    Description: SERA EU project (Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe; http://www.sera-eu.org)
    Description: Published
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Keywords: site characterization ; strong motion ; SERA project ; seismic networks ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: web product
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  • 6
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    Sesame Project - Deliverable D04-04 - Report of the WP04 H/V Technique : Empirical Evaluation - Homogeneous Data Set of Noise and Earthquake Recordings at Many Sites (2012)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-21
    Description: In this Report the homogeneous data set of earthquake and noise recordings at many sites that is generated under the framework of the SESAME Project (Site Effects Assessment Using Ambient Excitations, EC- RGD, Project No. EVG1-CT-2000-00026 SESAME), Task A (H/V technique), Work Package 04 (WP04– H/V Technique: Empirical Evaluation), is presented. Three main topics are included in the Report: (a) The Standard Information Sheet (SIS) structure, (b) The SESAME Ascii Format (SAF) files, and (c) The SESAME SIS-database. The SIS compiled in this sub-task and SAF format adopted for all data, constitute a homogeneous data set to be processed for further scientific results in the framework of the WP04. In addition, the SIS-database is going to facilitate data selection and management.
    Description: European Commission – Research General Directorate Project No. EVG1-CT-2000-00026 SESAME
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: database, earthquakes, noise ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 7
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    Best practice and quality assessment procedures for site characterization at seismic station: an European initiative (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-07
    Description: Seismic site characterization of rock and soil properties has a large impact on earthquake ground motions and engineering seismology, especially for evaluation of local site amplification, calibration of strong-motion records and realistic shaking estimates at seismic stations, site-specific hazard assessment, estimation of ground motion models and soil classification for building code applications. However, there is not yet a common way to exchange site characterization information, whereas setting-up standard practices and quality assessment are becoming very important to reach high-level metadata. Within the framework of the SERA “Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe” Horizon 2020 Project, a networking activity is leading to the definition of a European strategy and standards for site characterization of seismic stations in Europe. Based on the results of an online questionnaire, we first defined a list of indicators considered as mandatory for a reliable site characterization: fundamental resonance frequency, shear-wave velocity profile (Vs), time-averaged Vs over the first 30 m, depth of seismological and engineering bedrock, surface geology, soil class. We then proposed a summary report for each indicator, containing the most significant background information of data acquisition and processing details, and a quality metrics scheme. This requires the evaluation of both (i) reliability of the site characterization indicators provided by different methods, and (ii) consistency among the indicators according to the current knowledge and experience of the scientific community. The quality metrics application to some Italian accelerometric sites, characterized within the Italian Civil Protection Department-INGV agreement (2016 to 2021), highlights the capabilities of capturing the characterization quality. These guidelines have been shared within European and worldwide scientific community and validated through focus groups during a dedicated workshop (https://sites.google.com/view/site-characterization-workshop/). They represent a first attempt to reach high-level metadata for site characterization, being aware that they can be improved and modified after a few years of experience and feedback from users.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco, California (USA)
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Keywords: site effects ; seismic station ; soil class ; GMPE ; seismic network
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 8
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    Sesame Project - Deliverable D08-02 - WP02 H/V technique : experimental conditions - Final report on Measurement Guidelines (2012)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the following we report the final results for WP02-Measurement Guidelines. This work was conducted under the framework of the SESAME Project (Site Effects Assessment Using Ambient Excitations, EC-RGD, Project No. EVG1-CT-2000-00026 SESAME), Task A (H/V technique), Work Package 02 (WP02 – Measurement Guidelines).
    Description: European Commission – Research General Directorate Project No. EVG1-CT-2000-00026 SESAME
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: noise measurements ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 9
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    Sesame Project - Deliverable D01-02 - WP02: Controlled Instrumental Specifications - Final report of the Instrument Workshop 22-26 October 2001, University of Bergen, Norway (2012)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the following we report the preliminary results from a workshop arranged at the Institute of Solid Earth Physics, University of Bergen, in the period 22-26 October 2001 in Bergen, Norway. The workshop was arranged under the framework of the SESAME Project (Site Effects Assessment Using Ambient Excitations, EC-RGD, Project No. EVG1-CT-2000-00026 SESAME), Task A (H/V technique), Work Package 02 (WP02 – Experimental conditions).
    Description: European Commission – Research General Directorate Project No. EVG1-CT-2000-00026 SESAME
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: instrumentation, ambient noise vibration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 10
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    EMPIRICAL EVALUATION OF THE HORIZONTAL-TO-VERTICAL SPECTRAL RATIO TECHNIQUE: RESULTS FROM THE “SESAME” PROJECT (2012)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In order to empirically evaluate the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio technique, ambient noise measurements performed in about two hundred sites mainly in Europe where weak or/and strong motion data was recorded. Standard Information Sheets (SIS) and earthquake information data were included in the SESAME [Site EffectS assessment using AMbient Excitations] project database, specially designed to facilitate data selection. All noise recordings were processed with JSESAME software to calculate (H/V) spectral ratio, whereas weak and strong motion earthquake recordings were processed with a similarly standardized procedure. For the latter, (H/V) receiver function for all sites were calculated. Experimental site transfer functions obtained from earthquake recordings were compared with the (H/V) spectral ratios from noise recordings in terms of fundamental frequency, amplification bandwidth and amplification level. Similarities and differences between (H/V) spectral ratio of noise and earthquake recordings are presented and discussed. In addition, a dense grid of noise measurements were performed within urban environment of cities affected by strong earthquake (Greece: Thessaloniki, Kalamata, Italy: Palermo). It seems that the (H/V) spectral ratio may satisfactorily indicate areas favorable to the occurrence of higher damage in urban environment. However, quantitative correlation between (H/V) spectral ratio properties and damage distribution (macroseismic intensity, damage grades) in some cases, is difficult to be established given the complexity of parameters involved.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vancouver, B.C., Canada
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Sesame project, H/V spectral ratio, empirical evaluation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Extended abstract
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