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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    On thin ice : a synthesis of the Canadian Arctic Shelf Exchange Study (CASES) (2008)
    Winnipeg : Aboriginal Issues Press
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Climatic changes ; Ecology ; Sea ice ; Biogeochemistry ; Climatic changes ; Kanada ; Schelfmeer ; Meereis ; Klimaänderung
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: vii, 215 p , ill. (some col.), maps (chiefly col.), col. ports , 23 x 29 cm
    ISBN: 9780973834260
    DDC: 551.46/1327
    Language: English
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 2
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    Atlantic water flow into the Arctic Ocean through the St. Anna Trough in the northern Kara Sea (2015)
    In:  EPIC3JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS, 120(7), pp. 5158-5178
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-02
    Description: The Atlantic Water flow from the Barents and Kara seas to the Arctic Ocean through the St. Anna Trough (SAT) is conditioned by interaction between Fram Strait branch water circulating in the SAT and Barents Sea branch water—both of Atlantic origin. Here we present data from an oceanographic mooring deployed on the eastern flank of the SAT from September 2009 to September 2010 as well as CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) sections across the SAT. A distinct vertical density front over the SAT eastern slope deeper than ∼50 m is attributed to the outflow of Barents Sea branch water to the Arctic Ocean. In turn, the Barents Sea branch water flow to the Arctic Ocean is conditioned by two water masses defined by relative low and high fractions of the Atlantic Water. They are also traceable in the Nansen Basin downstream of the SAT entrance. A persistent northward current was recorded in the subsurface layer along the SAT eastern slope with a mean velocity of 18 cm s−1 at 134–218 m and 23 cm s−1 at 376–468 m. Observations and modeling suggest that the SAT flow has a significant density-driven component. It is therefore expected to respond to changes in the cross-trough density gradient conditioned by interaction between the Fram Strait and Barents Sea branches. Further modeling efforts are necessary to investigate hydrodynamic instability and eddy generation caused by the interaction between the SAT flow and the Arctic Ocean Fram Strait branch water boundary current.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Preface to special section on Beaufort Gyre Climate System Exploration Studies : documenting key parameters to understand environmental variability (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 114 (2009): C00A08, doi:10.1029/2008JC005162.
    Description: The BG Observational program has been jointly supported by the USA National Science Foundation, Division of Polar Programs (Arctic Science) since 2003 (ARC-0424864); by Fisheries and Oceans Canada; and partially by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology.
    Keywords: Beaufort Gyre ; Climate ; Atmosphere ; Ice and ocean
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    What is the fate of the river waters of Hudson Bay? (2011)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2011. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Marine Systems 88 (2011): 352-361, doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.02.004.
    Description: We examine the freshwater balance of Hudson and James bays, two shallow and fresh seas that annually receive 12% of the pan- Arctic river runoff. The analyses use the results from a 3–D sea ice-ocean coupled model with realistic forcing for tides, rivers, ocean boundaries, precipitation, and winds. The model simulations show that the annual freshwater balance is essentially between the river input and a large outflow toward the Labrador shelf. River waters are seasonally exchanged from the nearshore region to the interior of the basin, and the volumes exchanged are substantial (of the same order of magnitude as the annual river input). This lateral exchange is mostly caused by Ekman transport, and its magnitude and variability are controlled by the curl of the stress at the surface of the basin. The average transit time of the river waters is 3.0 years, meaning that the outflow is a complex mixture of the runoff from the three preceding years.
    Description: We thank NSERC and the Canada Research Chairs program for funding. FS acknowledges support from NSF OCE-0751554 and ONR N00014-08-10490.
    Keywords: Freshwater ; Rivers ; Sea ice ; Polar ; Arctic ; Hudson Bay
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    A conceptual model of an Arctic sea (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 117 (2012): C06010, doi:10.1029/2011JC007652.
    Description: We propose a conceptual model for an Arctic sea that is driven by river runoff, atmospheric fluxes, sea ice melt/growth, and winds. The model domain is divided into two areas, the interior and boundary regions, that are coupled through Ekman and eddy fluxes of buoyancy. The model is applied to Hudson and James Bays (HJB, a large inland basin in northeastern Canada) for the period 1979–2007. Several yearlong records from instruments moored within HJB show that the model results are consistent with the real system. The model notably reproduces the seasonal migration of the halocline, the baroclinic boundary current, spatial variability of freshwater content, and the fall maximum in freshwater export. The simulations clarify the important differences in the freshwater balance of the western and eastern sides of HJB. The significant role played by the boundary current in the freshwater budget of the system, and its sensitivity to the wind-forcing, are also highlighted by the simulations and new data analyses. We conclude that the model proposed is useful for the interpretation of observed data from Arctic seas and model outputs from more complex coupled/climate models.
    Description: We thank NSERC and the Canada Research Chairs program for funding. FS acknowledges support from NSF OCE–0927797 and ONR N00014-08-10490.
    Description: 2012-12-20
    Keywords: Arctic ; Models ; Sea ice
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/plain
    Format: application/postscript
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  • 6
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    Coastal Polynya Disrupts the Acoustic Backscatter Diurnal Signal Over the Eastern Laptev Sea Shelf (2021)
    In:  EPIC3Front. Mar. Sci.,
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-25
    Description: The diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton is one of the largest species migrations to occur globally and is a key driver of regional ecosystems and the marine carbon pump. The dramatic changes in the Arctic environment in recent years, mainly associated with sea-ice decline, may have wide significance for the Arctic shelf ecosystems including DVM. Observations have revealed the occurrence of DVM in ice-covered Arctic waters, however, there have yet to be observations of DVM from the extensive Siberian shelves in the Eurasian Arctic and no analysis of how the sea-ice decline may affect DVM. Here, 2 yearlong time series of acoustic backscatter, collected by moored acoustic Doppler current profilers in the eastern Laptev Sea from August 1998 to August 1999, were used to examine the annual cycle of acoustic scattering, and therefore the annual cycle of DVM in the area. The acoustic time series were used along with atmospheric and oceanic reanalysis and satellite data. Our observations show that DVM did not occur during polar night and polar day, but is active during the spring and fall transition periods when there is a diurnal cycle in light conditions. DVM began beneath the fast ice at the end of polar night and increased in intensity through spring. However, the formation of a large polynya along the landfast ice edge in late March 1999 caused DVM to abruptly cease near the fast ice edge, while DVM persisted through spring to the start of polar day at the onshore mooring. We associate this cessation of synchronized DVM ∼1 month ahead of polar day with a predator-avoidance behavior of zooplankton in response to higher polar cod abundance near the polynya. During polar day, the intensity of acoustic scattering was attributed to the riverine suspended particles. Overall, our results highlight the occurrence of DVM on the Siberian shelves, the cessation of synchronized DVM when a polynya opens up nearby, and the potential impact of significant trends toward a more extensive Laptev Sea polynya as part of changing ice conditions in the Eurasian Arctic and their impact on the Arctic shelf ecology.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling synthetic aperture radar (SAR) scattering from a seasonally varying snow-covered sea ice volume at 5.3 and 9.25 GHz (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 13 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: A series of sensitivity analyses using dielectric, mixture and microwave scattering models is presented. Data from the Seasonal Sea Ice Monitoring and Modeling Site (SIMMS) in 1990 and 1991 are used to initialize the models. The objective of the research is to investigate the role of various geophysical and electrical properties in specifying the total relative scattering cross section (ρ′′) of snow covered first-year sea ice during the spring period.The seasonal transition period from the Winter SAR scattering season to Early Melt was shown to signal a transition in dielectric properties which caused the snow volume to become a factor in the microwave scattering process. The effect of the thermal insulation of a snow cover on sea ice was shown to be significant for both ε′ and ε′′. Higher atmospheric temperatures caused proportionally greater changes in the dielectric properties of the sea ice at the base of the snow cover. Model ρ0 was computed for a range of sensor, sensor-earth geometry, and geophysical properties. In the Winter season the surface roughness terms (ohand L) were shown to have a significant impact on ρ0 when the ice surface was the primary scattering mechanism. Once the snow cover began to warm and water was available in a liquid phase, the ice surface became masked because of the decrease in microwave penetration depths. During this period the water volume variable dominated ρ0, both from its impact on ρv0, and due to its control over the dielectric mismatch created at the air/snow interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1994.tb00435.x
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  • 8
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    Selected physical, biological and biogeochemical implications of a rapidly changing Arctic Marginal Ice Zone (2015)
    Elsevier
    In:  Progress in Oceanography, 139 . pp. 122-150.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-25
    Description: The Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) of the Arctic Ocean is changing rapidly due to a warming Arctic climate with commensurate reductions in sea ice extent and thickness. This Pan-Arctic review summarizes the main changes in the Arctic ocean–sea ice–atmosphere (OSA) interface, with implications for primary- and secondary producers in the ice and the underlying water column. Changes in the Arctic MIZ were interpreted for the period 1979–2010, based on best-fit regressions for each month. Trends of increasingly open water were statistically significant for each month, with quadratic fit for August–November, illustrating particularly strong seasonal feedbacks in sea-ice formation and decay. Geographic interpretations of physical and biological changes were based on comparison of regions with significant changes in sea ice: (1) The Pacific Sector of the Arctic Ocean including the Canada Basin and the Beaufort, Chukchi and East Siberian seas; (2) The Canadian Arctic Archipelago; (3) Baffin Bay and Hudson Bay; and (4) the Barents and Kara seas. Changes in ice conditions in the Barents sea/Kara sea region appear to be primarily forced by ocean heat fluxes during winter, whereas changes in the other sectors appear to be more summer–autumn related and primarily atmospherically forced. Effects of seasonal and regional changes in OSA-system with regard to increased open water were summarized for photosynthetically available radiation, nutrient delivery to the euphotic zone, primary production of ice algae and phytoplankton, ice-associated fauna and zooplankton, and gas exchange of CO2. Changes in the physical factors varied amongst regions, and showed direct effects on organisms linked to sea ice. Zooplankton species appear to be more flexible and likely able to adapt to variability in the onset of primary production. The major changes identified for the ice-associated ecosystem are with regard to production timing and abundance or biomass of ice flora and fauna, which are related to regional changes in sea-ice conditions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.09.003
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    (Table 7) Alpha- and gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane concentrations in sea-ice algae samples, eastern Beaufort Sea (2013)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-24
    Keywords: alpha/gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane ratio; alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane; Beaufort Sea; CCGSA_4-10_CFL08; CCGS Amundsen; CFL08_D38-1; CFL08_D41-2; CFL08_F2; CFL08_F3; Circumpolar Flaw Lead Leg 4-10a; DATE/TIME; Enantiomer fraction; Event label; gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane; Gas chromatography; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Method comment; MULT; Multiple investigations; SNOW; Snow/ice sample; Station label; Time in days
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 41 data points
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  • 10
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    (Table 1) Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) sightings in the eastern Beaufort Sea
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Keywords: Aerial survey; Beaufort_Sea; Beaufort Sea; DATE/TIME; Date/time end; Delphinapterus leucas; Duration, number of days; Number; OBSE; Observation; Profile/sampling length; Sample amount; Sample comment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 41 data points
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