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  • 1
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    Geochemistry of dissolved gases from the Eastern Carpathians - Transylvanian Basin boundary (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: We show the results of a study on the volatiles dissolved inmineral waters discharged over a 200 km-long transect along the Rodna-Bârgău area and Călimani-Gurghiu-Harghita volcanic chain (Eastern Carpathians, Romania). All of the collected mineral water samples carry dissolved gas with carbon dioxide content up to 1.99 cm3STP/gH2O, and heliumcontent up to 2.3 × 10−5 cm3STP/gH2O. Carbon (δ13CTDIC total dissolved inorganic carbon, ranging from−15.6 to 5.32‰vs. VPDB), He systematics (He isotopes in the range of 0.38–0.99 Ra, Ra=air-normalized 3He/4He ratio) and CO2/3He ratio spanning over four orders ofmagnitude fromMORB-like values of 2.92× 109 to crustal-type values of 3.02 × 1013, coherently indicate the presence of fluids fromdifferent crustal sources (e.g. sediments, hydrocarbon reservoirs) besidesminor, but detectable contributions ofmantle/magmatic-derived fluids (up to 16.45%). Our investigations show that the wide range of chemical and isotopic composition can be explained in terms of mixings among different gas sources feeding the groundwater and the contemporary occurrence of gas-water interactions like degassing and deposition of carbonates, affecting the circulating waters after their infiltration.
    Description: Published
    Description: 117-128
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Eastern Carpathians ; Dissolved gases ; Gas-water interactions ; Helium 13CTDIC ; gas geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    First assessment of flux and origin of methane at the ciomadu post-volcanic area (Romania) (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Methane flux measurements from surface gas manifestations and springs at the Ciomadu post-volcanic area are reported. These data contribute to extend the Romanian data-set on geological emissions of greenhouse gas to the atmosphere. A total of 46 sites were investigated for methane flux, dissolved methane content and stable carbon isotopic ratio of methane. Total methane output is in the order of 102-103 kg/year, comparable to other ancient volcanic systems in Europe. Methane is mainly abiotic in origin, variably mixed with biotic thermogenic components, likely depending on the amount of crustal sediments involved in the volcanic plumbing system
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Bucharest
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente
    Keywords: methane flux ; gas origin ; Romania ; 05.09. Miscellaneous ; geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 3
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    Quantification of carbon dioxide emissions of Ciomadul, the youngest volcano of the Carpathian-Pannonian Region (Eastern-Central Europe, Romania) (2018)
    119-130
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: We provide the first high-resolution CO2 flux data for the Neogene to Quaternary volcanic regions of the entire Carpathian-Pannonian Region, Eastern-Central Europe, and estimate the CO2 emission of the seemingly inactive Ciomadul volcanic complex, the youngest volcano of this area. Our estimate includes data from focused and diffuse CO2 emissions from soil. The CO2 fluxes of focused emissions range between 277 and 8172 g d−1, corresponding to a CO2 output into the atmosphere between 0.1 and 2.98 t per year. The investigated areas for diffuse soil gas emissions were characterized by wide range of CO2 flux values, at Apor Baths, ranging from 1.7 × 101 to 8.2 × 104 g m−2 d−1, while at Lăzărești ranging between 1.43 and 3.8 × 104 g m−2 d−1. The highest CO2 focused gas fluxes at Ciomadul were found at the periphery of the youngest volcanic complex, which could be explained either by tectonic control across the brittle older volcanic edifices or by degassing from a deeper crustal zone resulting in CO2 flux at the periphery of the supposed melt-bearing magma body beneath Ciomadul. The estimate of the total CO2 output in the area is 8.70 × 103 t y−1, and it is consistent with other long (N10 kyr) dormant volcanoes with similar age worldwide, such as in Italy and USA. Taking into account the isotopic composition of the gases that indicate deep origin of the CO2 emissions, this yields further support that Ciomadul may be considered indeed a dormant, or PAMS volcano (volcano with potentially active magma storage) rather than an inactive one. Furthermore, hazard of CO2 outpourings has to be taken into account and it has to be communicated to the visitors. Finally, we suggest that CO2 output of dormant volcanic systems has to be also accounted in the estimation of the global volcanic CO2 budget.
    Description: Published
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: dormant volcano ; CO2 flux Total emission
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Inventory of Onshore Hydrocarbon Seeps in Romania (HYSED-RO Database) (2017)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Seeps are the expression of the migration of hydrocarbons from subsurface accumulations to the surface in sedimentary basins. They may represent an important indication of the presence of petroleum (gas and oil) reservoirs and faults, and are a natural source of greenhouse gas (methane) and atmospheric pollutants (ethane, propane) to the atmosphere. Romania is one of the countries with the largest number of seeps in the world, due to the high petroleum potential and active tectonics. Based on a review of the available literature, and on the field surveys performed by the authors during the last 17 years, we report the first comprehensive GIS-based inventory of 470 seeps in Romania (HYSED-RO), including gas seeps (10.4% of the total), oil seeps (11.7%), mud volcanoes (50.4%), gas-rich springs (12.6%), asphalt (solid) seeps (4.3%), unclassified manifestations (4.0%), and uncertain seeps (6.6%). Seeps are typically located in correspondence with major faults and vertical and fractured stratigraphic contacts associated to petroleum reservoirs (anticlines) in low heat flow areas, and their gas-geochemistry reflects that of the subsurface reservoirs. The largest and most active seeps occur in the Carpathian Foredeep, where they release thermogenic gas, and subordinately in the Transylvanian Basin, where gas is mainly microbial. HYSED-RO may represent a key reference for baseline characterization prior to subsurface petroleum extraction, for environmental studies, and atmospheric greenhouse gas emission estimates in Romania.
    Description: Published
    Description: 39
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: hydrocarbon seeps ; methane ; mud volcanoes ; petroleum systems ; seep database ; 03.04. Chemical and biological
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Hydrocarbon seeps in Romania: Gas origin and release to the atmosphere (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-26
    Description: Romania is one of the countries with the largest number of surface hydrocarbon seeps in the world. Seeps may be an important tool for petroleum exploration as they can provide useful information regarding source rock maturity, reservoir quality, and secondary gas alterations. Seeps also represent an important source of methane, ethane, and propane to the atmosphere. To date, the genetic characterization of natural gas in Romania has only been based on molecular composition, without isotopic information. Here, we present an overview of investigations performed over the past 15 years for the main Romanian hydrocarbon seeps, and report the molecular and isotopic compositions of gas, and the fluxes of methane, ethane and propane to the atmosphere. We assessed gas origin and secondary alterations in 17 seeps from several Romanian petroleum systems, and potential source rock types and maturity have been evaluated. As previously inferred, gas within the Transylvanian Basin is largely microbial, but also displays indications of a minor thermogenic component that is likely related to a deep petroleum system. Carpathian Flysch and Foredeep petroleum systems contain thermogenic gas, with clear evidence ofmbiodegradation in some cases. Thermogenic gas generation modelling and maturity plots suggest thatmmost Romanian gases originate from mature type II and III kerogen (%Ro: 2e3). For cases of high flux seeps, gas has the same hydrocarbon molecular composition as the reservoir, while in weaker seeps and some mud volcanoes gas is altered by molecular fractionation (a loss of C2 and C3 during gas migration). Gas seep geochemistry, in general, reflects the different geological and maturity conditions of basins where seeps are located. A vertical sequence of petroleum systems has been suggested in some basins by seeps displaying different maturity and secondary alterations. Measurements of methane flux to the atmosphere from 94 seeps display a wide range of emissions (kilograms to hundreds of tons per year), with a total, conservative estimated methane emission of approximately 3000 t y-1. Microseepage may also release a similar quantity of methane. Consequently, seepage is a substantial contributor to natural emissions of methane on a national level.
    Description: Published
    Description: 130-143
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    CH4 isotopic signatures of emissions from oil and gas extraction sites in Romania (2023)
    University of California Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-21
    Description: Methane (CH4) emissions to the atmosphere from the oil and gas sector in Romania remain highly uncertain despite their relevance for the European Union’s goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Measurements of CH4 isotopic composition can be used for source attribution, which is important in top-down studies of emissions from extended areas. We performed isotope measurements of CH4 in atmospheric air samples collected from an aircraft (24 locations) and ground vehicles (83 locations), around oil and gas production sites in Romania, with focus on the Romanian Plain. Ethane to methane ratios were derived at 412 locations of the same fossil fuel activity clusters. The resulting isotopic signals (δ13C and δ2H in CH4) covered a wide range of values, indicating mainly thermogenic gas sources (associated with oil production) in the Romanian Plain, mostly in Prahova county (δ13C from –67.8 ± 1.2 to –22.4 ± 0.04 ‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belmnite; δ2H from –255 ± 12 to –138 ± 11 ‰ Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water) but also the presence of some natural gas reservoirs of microbial origin in Dolj, Ialomiţa, Prahova, and likely Teleorman counties. The classification based on ethane data was generally in agreement with the one based on CH4 isotopic composition and confirmed the interpretation of the gas origin. In several cases, CH4 enhancements sampled from the aircraft could directly be linked to the underlying production clusters using wind data. The combination of δ13C and δ2H signals in these samples confirms that the oil and gas production sector is the main source of CH4 emissions in the target areas. We found that average CH4 isotopic signatures in Romania are significantly lower than commonly used values for the global fossil fuel emissions. Our results emphasize the importance of regional variations in CH4 isotopes, with implications for global inversion modeling studies. Keywords:
    Description: Published
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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