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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical features of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in elderly Italian patients (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The usual onset of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis occurs at puberty or around menopause, whereas disease presentation in the advanced age is less often reported.Aim : To assess the clinical, immunological and histological features of Type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in elderly Italian patients.Methods : We assessed, at diagnosis, the clinical and immunological features of 76 consecutive Italian patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis, focusing particularly on a subgroup of 20 patients presenting at ≥65 years (females 95%, median age 72 years, range 65–82).Results : In comparison with the younger group, at the time of autoimmune hepatitis diagnosis, elderly Italian patients are more often asymptomatic (25% vs. 7%; P = 0.04), are more frequently positive for antinuclear autoantibodies (95% vs. 52%; P = 0.0004) and HLA-DR4 (45% vs. 18%; P = 0.03); among the extra-hepatic manifestations, autoimmune thyroid disorders are prevalent in the elderly group (25% vs. 5%; P = 0.02). However, no difference was observed in the histological/biochemical expression of the liver disease and response to immunosuppression.Conclusions : In elderly Italian patients, autoimmune hepatitis has typical serological and genetic characteristics, is more frequently asymptomatic, although prognosis and response to therapy is similar to that of younger patients. As a concomitant autoimmune thyroid disorder is common, autoimmune hepatitis should be suspected and investigated in elderly patients with autoimmune thyroid disorder and abnormal liver function tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02488.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-〈fr〉Saccharomyces cerevisiae〈/fr〉 and perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in coeliac disease before and after gluten-free diet (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae and perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies are markers of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis respectively.Aim : To determine the prevalence of anti-S. cerevisiae and perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in a large series of coeliac disease patients before and after gluten free diet, and to correlate anti-S. cerevisiae-positivity with intestinal mucosal damage.Methods : One hundred and five consecutive coeliac disease patients and 141 controls (22 ulcerative colitis, 24 Crohn's disease, 30 primary sclerosing cholangitis, 15 postenteritis syndrome, 50 blood donors) were tested for anti-S. cerevisiae by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and for perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies by indirect immunofluorescence.Results : In coeliac disease anti-S. cerevisiae (immunoglobulin G and/or immunoglobulin A) were slightly less frequent (59%) than in Crohn's disease (75%, P = 0.16) and significantly more frequent than in ulcerative colitis (27%), primary sclerosing cholangitis (30%), postenteritis syndrome (26%) and blood donors (4%) (P = 0.009, P = 0.0002, P = 0.025, P 〈 0.0001). No correlation was found between anti-S. cerevisiae and degree of mucosal damage. Perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies were detected only in one coeliac. After gluten free diet the disappearance of anti-S. cerevisiae-immunoglobulin A (93%) was more frequent than that of immunoglobulin G (17%, P = 0.0001); perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies disappeared in the only coeliac positive at diagnosis.Conclusion : More than half of untreated coeliacs are anti-S. cerevisiae-positive irrespective of the severity of mucosal damage. Differently from immunoglobulin A, anti-S. cerevisiae-immunoglobulin G persisted in more than 80% after gluten free diet. The high prevalence of anti-S. cerevisiae in coeliac disease suggests that they may be the effect of a non-specific immune response in course of chronic small bowel disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02417.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Besides the autoantibodies included in the diagnostic criteria of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis, many other autoantibodies have been described in this condition. Recently, antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide have been validated as specific diagnostic and prognostic markers of rheumatoid arthritis.Aim : To assess whether these antibodies are part of the autoantibody repertoire of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis and correlate with rheumatological manifestations.Methods : Antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide were tested by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results : The antibodies were found in 12 of 133 (9%) type 1 autoimmune hepatitis, two of 49 (4%) with primary biliary cirrhosis, one of 80 (1%) with hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver disease and 53 of 89 (60%) with rheumatoid arthritis serum samples. High titres were found only in rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. No clinical (in particular rheumatological manifestations), biochemical or immunoserological differences were detectable between antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide positive and negative type 1 autoimmune hepatitis sera, with the exception of rheumatoid factor, always negative in the positive ones.Conclusions : Antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide can be detected in a subgroup of patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. They might be part of the wide range of autoantibody production characteristic of this condition and/or, less probably, be predictive of future rheumatoid arthritis development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02686.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatic steatosis in chronic hepatitis C: impact on response to anti-viral treatment with peg-interferon and ribavirin (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  There is increasing evidence that hepatic steatosis contributes to the progression of liver fibrosis, whereas its impact on the efficacy of anti-viral treatment is still under investigation.Aim:  To evaluate the effect of steatosis on the outcome of combined anti-viral treatment.Methods:  We studied 102 consecutive naive patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving combined anti-viral therapy (peg-interferon α-2b and ribavirin).Results:  Fifty (49%) of 102 patients had evidence of hepatic steatosis (29 grade 1, 16 grade 2 and 5 grade 3). Sustained virological response was similar in patients with and without steatosis (58% vs. 56%); moreover, the grade of steatosis did not affect the rate of sustained virological response (grade 1: 58%, grade 2: 56% and grade 3: 60%). Patients with steatosis had significantly higher serum levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and γ-glutamyltransferase (P = 0.007, 0.004 and 0.03, respectively), higher histological activity (P = 0.03), more advanced stage of fibrosis (P = 0.0394) and more often hepatitis C virus genotype 3 (P = 0.04).Conclusions:  Our findings suggest that hepatic steatosis in chronic hepatitis C, irrespective of its grade, is not a negative prognostic factor of response to combined anti-viral therapy, even when the histological and biochemical profile of the disease is more aggressive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02679.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HCV liver infection and liver steatosis: evidence for indirect mechanisms in genotype 3? (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with the appearance of liver steatosis.Aim : To search for a correlation between the number of HCV infected hepatocytes and the presence, amount and distribution of steatosis.Methods : A total of 124 frozen liver biopsies from HCV patients (genotype 3 = 21) were studied. HCV-antigens were detected on frozen liver sections using a four steps immunoperoxidase technique. Steatosis was graded by haematoxilin-eosin counterstaining on a serial section.Results : Steatosis was detected in 82 of 124 (66.1%) patients without differences between different genotypes. Uric acid, body mass index, γGT levels significantly correlated with steatosis in non-3 (P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01, respectively) but not in genotype 3 patients. HCV-antigens were detected in 95 of 124 (76.6%) cases. A positive correlation between steatosis and the number of infected hepatocytes was observed only in genotype 3 patients (P = 0.06). In most cases the number of cells with steatosis greatly outnumbered that of HCV infected cells.Conclusion : We confirm a possible role of the virus in the genesis of steatosis in HCV genotype 3 infected patients; however, as steatosis do not appear to be directly related to the presence of HCV-antigens within single hepatocytes, an indirect, possibly cytokine mediated, mechanism might be operative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02603.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoantibodies in alopecia areata (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 111 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04055.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative analysis of hepatitis C virus activity in vivo in different groups of untreated patients (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 142 (1997), S. 465-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Highly sensitive competitive PCR (cPCR) and competitive reverse transcription PCR (cRT-PCR) methodologies were recently developed and applied for quantifying viral DNA and RNA species (including HCV RNA) present in clinical samples at low concentration. In this study, we used cRT-PCR to compare the viral load of 118 untreated patients with HCV infection and different clinical conditions (80 patients with chronic hepatitis, 18 infected subjects with persistently normal ALT levels and various degrees of liver injury, 10 HCV infected subjects that tested positive for anti-LKM1 antibodies, and 10 patients with HCV infection and cryoglobulinemia). The results indicate that while great individual variability of HCV viremia is detectable even among patients with similar clinical conditions, the mean HCV RNA copy number in samples from patients with different clinical conditions was similar in all groups with the single exception of patients that tested positive for anti-liver-kidney microsomal auto-antibodies type 1 (anti-LKM1); interestingly, lower HCV viremia levels were revealed in these anti-LKM1-positive cases with liver disease of uncertain pathogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050093
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency and Significance of Anti-gliadin and Anti-endomysial Antibodies in Autoimmune Hepatitis (1998)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 43 (1998), S. 2190-2195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: ANTI-GLIADIN ANTIBODIES ; ANTI-ENDOMYSIAL ANTIBODIES ; AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Celiac disease has been associated withautoimmune disorders, but its frequency in autoimmunehepatitis is unknown. Sera from 157 patients with type1 autoimmune hepatitis, 24 patients with type 2autoimmune hepatitis, 62 patients with primary biliarycirrhosis, 30 patients with chronic hepatitis B, and 80patients with chronic hepatitis C were tested forimmunoglobulin A anti-endomysial antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoglobulin A and Gantibodies to gliadin by enzyme immunoassay. Duodenalbiopsy evaluation was recommended in patientsseropositive for immunoglobulin A anti-endomysialantibodies. Immunoglobulin A anti-endomysial antibodieswere present in eight of the 181 patients withautoimmune hepatitis (4%), including six with type 1disease (4%) and two with type 2 disease (8%).Immunoglobulin A antibodies to gliadin were found in six ofthese eight patients, but they were also present in twoothers, including one patient with chronic hepatitis C.Five of the eight patients with immunoglobulin A antiendomysial antibodies, including threepatients with no gastrointestinal symptoms, had duodenalbiopsies and subtotal villous atrophy was present in allof them. No patient with primary biliary cirrhosis or chronic viral hepatitis had antiendomysialantibodies. The presence of celiac disease in autoimmunehepatitis is high (at least one in 36 patients) and itis predominantly asymptomatic. Screening with anti-endomysial and anti-gliadin antibodiesshould be performed and results confirmed withintestinal biopsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026650118759
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IgA antiendomysial antibody test (1991)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 36 (1991), S. 752-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: IgA antiendomysial antibodies ; screening ; celiac disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Serum IgA antiendomysial antibodies (EmA) were found in 61 (87%) of 70 adults and children with untreated celiac disease, whereas IgA antigliadin antibodies (AGA) and IgA R1-antireticulin antibodies (R1-ARA) were positive in 71% and 47%, respectively, of the same patients. Two of the nine untreated celiacs negative for IgA EmA showed positivity for IgA AGA. While IgA AGA and R1-ARA disappeared in all the celiacs, tested one year after gluten-free diet, IgA EmA persisted at low titer in seven (18%) of these 38 subjects, although the jejunal biopsy showed a complete regrowth of jejunal villi. All the disease control patients as well as the blood donors tested were always negative for the three IgA antibodies. Our results state that the search for both IgA EmA and AGA gives the best results in the screening of celiac disease, since the positivity for at least one of these two antibodies allows identification with a 100% specificity of the 90% of untreated celiac patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01311232
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