Keywords:
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
Intended for science and engineering students with a background in introductory physics and calculus, this textbook creates a bridge between classical and modern physics, filling the gap between descriptive elementary texts and formal graduate textbooks.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (448 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780750326780
Series Statement:
IOP Ebooks Series
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=31252936
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Editor biography -- Canio Noce -- Contributors -- Outline placeholder -- Carmine Attanasio -- Francesco Avitabile -- Antonio Capolupo -- Mario Cuoco -- Roberto De Luca -- Marco Di Mauro -- Marco Figliolia -- Veronica Granata -- Delia Guerra -- Lazzaro Immediata -- Antonio Leo -- Maria Teresa Mercaldo -- Martina Moccaldi -- Angela Nigro -- Canio Noce -- Sergio Pagano -- Ileana Rabuffo -- Alfonso Romano -- Marcello Sette -- Alessandro Sorgente -- Antonio Stabile -- Antonio Vecchione -- Chapter 1 The basic concepts of classical physics as a useful path towards modern physics -- 1.1 The Newton principles of dynamics -- 1.1.1 The principle of relativity and the first principle -- 1.1.2 The second principle -- 1.1.3 The third principle -- 1.2 Work and energy -- 1.2.1 The concept of work -- 1.2.2 The concept of kinetic energy -- 1.2.3 The concept of potential energy and the principle of conservation of mechanical energy -- 1.3 Angular momentum -- 1.4 Symmetries and conservation laws -- 1.5 A brief description of waves -- 1.5.1 General remarks -- 1.5.2 Mathematical description -- 1.5.3 Interference and diffraction -- 1.6 Maxwell's equations and electromagnetic waves -- 1.6.1 The integral and the differential forms of Maxwell's equations -- 1.6.2 Electromagnetic waves -- References -- Chapter 2 Transition from classical physics to quantum physics: the role of interference -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Light -- 2.2.1 Corpuscular theory -- 2.2.2 Wave theory -- 2.2.3 Classic electromagnetic theory -- 2.2.4 Quantum theory -- 2.3 Light as a wave -- 2.3.1 What is a wave? -- 2.3.2 Electromagnetic waves -- 2.3.3 Classification of electromagnetic waves -- 2.4 Electromagnetism -- 2.4.1 History -- 2.4.2 Maxwell's equations -- 2.5 Interference -- 2.6 The Michelson and Morley experiment -- 2.6.1 Conclusions.
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2.7 Gravitational interferometers -- 2.7.1 The LIGO interferometer -- 2.7.2 The VIRGO interferometer -- 2.7.3 The future of gravitational interferometers -- 2.7.4 Another use of interferometers -- References -- Chapter 3 Special relativity: an introduction -- 3.1 Kinematics and dynamics -- 3.1.1 Reference systems and events -- 3.1.2 Transformations and principles of relativity -- 3.1.3 Einstein's relativity -- 3.1.4 Some important implications -- 3.1.5 Further work -- 3.2 Relativistic field transformations -- 3.2.1 Fields transformations in special relativity -- 3.2.2 Applications -- Appendix -- A.1 Relativistic invariance of Maxwell's equations -- References -- Chapter 4 What happens to light when it passes through a prism? The early history of spectroscopy -- 4.1 Spectroscopy -- 4.1.1 The origin and development of optical spectroscopy -- 4.1.2 Refraction and dispersion -- 4.1.3 The hydrogen atom spectrum -- 4.1.4 Atomic theory -- 4.1.5 Optical spectroscopy analysis -- 4.2 Measuring the line spectra of inert gases and metal vapours using a prism spectrometer -- 4.2.1 General description of the experiment -- 4.2.2 Carrying out the experiment -- References -- Chapter 5 Electrical resistivity measurements reveal transport properties -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 General considerations -- 5.3 Basic methods -- 5.3.1 The direct method -- 5.3.2 The two-point probe method -- 5.3.3 Linear four-point probes -- 5.3.4 Non-collinear probe spacing -- 5.3.5 Square array -- 5.3.6 The Delta four-point probe -- 5.3.7 The over-under probe -- 5.4 The van der Pauw method -- 5.4.1 Methods for measuring resistivity: the case of a flat sample of arbitrary shape -- 5.4.2 A method for measuring the Hall coefficient -- 5.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 The electromagnetic theory of thermal radiation -- 6.1 Thermal radiation.
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6.2 Kirchhoff theorem: definition of a black-body -- 6.2.1 Absorption and emission coefficients -- 6.3 Proof for the Stefan-Boltzmann equation (6.7) -- 6.4 Proof of Wien's law (6.8) -- 6.4.1 Wien's displacement law -- 6.5 Planck oscillators and the Rayleigh-Jeans law -- 6.6 Planck's law -- 6.6.1 Obtaining the Stefan-Boltzmann law from Planck's formula -- 6.6.2 Special cases of Planck's law -- 6.6.3 Wien's displacement law from Planck's formula -- 6.7 Some applications -- 6.7.1 The Sun as a black-body -- 6.7.2 Luminous intensity on Earth -- 6.7.3 TRAPPIST-1 -- 6.7.4 Comparison of stars -- References -- Chapter 7 The dawn of quantum mechanics -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The photoelectric effect -- 7.3 The Compton effect -- 7.4 Atomic spectra -- 7.5 Atomic models -- 7.5.1 The Thomson model -- 7.5.2 The Rutherford model -- 7.5.3 The Bohr model -- 7.6 The Franck-Hertz experiment -- 7.7 The wave-particle duality -- 7.8 The double-slit experiment -- References -- Chapter 8 Key concepts in quantum mechanics -- 8.1 The history of quantum theory -- 8.1.1 Experiments with unexpected results -- 8.2 Novel mechanics and novel principles -- 8.2.1 Classical principles -- 8.2.2 The definition of a state -- 8.2.3 Quantum principles -- 8.3 Applications and developments -- 8.3.1 Properties of the wave function -- 8.3.2 Free particles in classical and quantum mechanics -- 8.3.3 An infinitely deep potential well -- 8.3.4 The surprises do not stop: quantum tunnelling -- 8.3.5 The harmonic oscillator: an overview -- 8.3.6 General discussion of 1D problems in quantum mechanics -- 8.4 Interpretational issues -- 8.4.1 The measurement problem and the Copenhagen interpretation -- 8.4.2 Quantum paradoxes -- 8.4.3 Alternative interpretations and 'ontology' of the state -- Appendix -- A On the continuity of the first derivative of the wave function.
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B Derivation of the uncertainty relations -- References -- Chapter 9 Early attempts to make many-particle physics simple -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Kinetic theory of gases and specific heats: the classical treatment -- 9.2.1 Statistical mechanics and thermodynamics: from micro to macro -- 9.2.2 Kinetic theory of gases: a first glance -- 9.2.3 The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution -- 9.2.4 Specific heats of gases and solids -- 9.3 Transport properties of electrons in metals -- 9.3.1 Thermal conduction in the Drude model -- 9.4 A taste of quantum statistics -- 9.4.1 Classical versus quantum statistics -- 9.4.2 Bose-Einstein statistics -- 9.4.3 Fermi-Dirac statistics -- 9.4.4 The specific heat of solids -- Appendices -- A. Derivation of equation (9.23) -- B. Derivation of equation (9.30) -- References -- Chapter 10 How to look deep inside matter: scanning electron microscopy -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Microscopy -- 10.2.1 The optical microscope and its limitations -- 10.2.2 Scanning electron microscopy -- 10.2.3 SEM components -- 10.2.4 SEM imaging -- 10.3 Compositional analysis in an electron microscope -- 10.3.1 X-ray spectroscopy -- 10.3.2 Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) -- 10.3.3 Bragg reflection -- 10.3.4 Wavelength dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (WDS) -- References -- Chapter 11 The second revolution of quantum mechanics: a path for beginners from superconductivity to quantum computers -- 11.1 Introduction: the quantum world in a nutshell -- 11.2 Superconductivity: symmetry and quantum mechanics at the macroscopic scale -- 11.3 Engineering quantum bits with superconductors -- 11.4 The quantum world and quantum computers -- 11.5 A quantum algorithm -- 11.6 Exercise solutions -- References -- Chapter 12 A new quantum era: from quantum optics to quantum technologies -- 12.1 Introduction.
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12.2 Quantum optics and the quantum theory of coherence -- 12.3 Quantum computing and quantum information -- 12.4 The role of quantum optics in quantum information -- 12.5 Quantum technologies -- 12.5.1 The quantum teleportation protocol -- 12.5.2 Quantum metrology and quantum state engineering -- 12.5.3 Quantum memory -- 12.6 Conclusions and outlook -- References -- Chapter 13 The Thomson experiment: cathode rays are still hot -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 History of cathode rays -- 13.3 The physics behind the experiments -- 13.4 The experimental set-up -- 13.5 How to determine the electron charge-to-mass ratio -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix -- A Helmholtz coils -- B Evaluation of the bending radius for the classical variant of the experiment -- References -- Chapter 14 The Millikan oil drop experiment -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Historical introduction -- 14.3 Description of the experiment -- 14.4 The dynamics of an oil droplet in a condenser -- 14.5 Description of the experimental apparatus -- 14.6 Measurement of the electric charge -- 14.7 The experimental procedure -- 14.8 Data analysis -- Acknowledgements -- Appendices -- A. Moving in a viscous fluid -- B. Corrections to Stokes' law -- C. The static method -- References -- Chapter 15 The Davisson-Germer experiment -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Historical introduction -- 15.3 Description of instrumentation -- 15.4 Measurement of the reticular step of graphite -- 15.4.1 Theoretical outline -- 15.4.2 Experimental part -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix -- A Relativistic approximation -- References -- Chapter 16 Current transport and light emission in semiconductors: a simple way to determine the Planck constant -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 The structure of matter -- 16.3 Electrical conductivity of materials -- 16.4 Semiconductors -- 16.4.1 Doped semiconductors -- 16.4.2 P-n junctions and diodes.
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16.5 Experimental determination of the Planck constant.
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