Keywords:
Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
;
Magnetic resonance imaging.
;
Electronic books.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (665 pages)
Edition:
2nd ed.
ISBN:
9781118503676
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=1132797
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: General Principles of MRI -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Theoretical basis of NMR -- 1.3 Principles of magnetic resonance imaging -- 1.4 MRI pulse sequences -- 1.5 Basic image contrast: Tissue characterization without injection of contrast agents (main contrast of an MRI sequence: Proton density (P), T1 and T2, T2*) -- 1.6 Main contrast agents -- 1.7 Examples of specialized MRI pulse sequences for angiography (MRA) -- References -- Chapter 2: Relaxivity of Gadolinium(III) Complexes: Theory and Mechanism -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Inner-sphere proton relaxivity -- 2.3 Second- and outer-sphere relaxation -- 2.4 Relaxivity and NMRD profiles -- 2.5 Design of high relaxivity agents: Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Synthesis and Characterization of Ligands and their Gadolinium(III) Complexes -- 3.1 Introduction-general requirements for the ligands and complexes -- 3.2 Contrast agents employing linear polyamine scaffold -- 3.3 Contrast agents employing cyclen scaffold -- 3.4 Other types of ligands -- 3.5 Bifunctional ligands and their conjugations -- 3.6 Synthesis and characterization of the Ln(III) complexes -- List of Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 4: Stability and Toxicity of Contrast Agents -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Equilibrium calculations -- 4.3 Stability of metal-ligand complexes -- 4.4 Kinetics of M(L) complex formation -- 4.5 Dissociation of M(L) complexes -- 4.6 Biodistribution and in vivo toxicity of Gd3+-based MRI contrast agents -- 4.7 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 5: Structure, Dynamics, and Computational Studies of Lanthanide-Based Contrast Agents -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Computational methods -- 5.3 Lanthanide-induced NMR shifts -- 5.4 Lanthanide-induced relaxation rate enhancements.
,
5.5 Anisotropic hyperfine interactions on the first coordination sphere water molecules -- 5.6 Evaluation of geometries by fitting NMR parameters -- 5.7 Two-dimensional NMR -- 5.8 139La and 89Y NMR -- 5.9 Water hydration numbers -- 5.10 Chirality of lanthanide complexes of polyaminocarboxylates -- 5.11 Complexes of non-macrocyclic polyaminocarboxylates -- 5.12 Complexes of macrocyclic ligands -- 5.13 Fullerenes -- References -- Chapter 6: Electronic Spin Relaxation and Outer-Sphere Dynamics of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Theory of electronic spin relaxation of Gd3+ ions -- 6.3 Outer-sphere dynamics -- 6.4 Relaxivity quenching by the electronic spin relaxation -- 6.5 Various experimental approaches of the electronic spin relaxation -- 6.6 Conclusion and perspectives -- 6.A Appendix: Similar evolutions of the macroscopic magnetization of the electronic spin and of its correlation functions -- References -- Chapter 7: Targeted MRI Contrast Agents -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Serum albumin -- 7.3 Fibrin -- 7.4 Type I collagen -- 7.5 Elastin -- 7.6 Sialic acid -- 7.7 αVβ3 integrin -- 7.8 Folate receptor -- 7.9 Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) -- 7.10 E-selectin -- 7.11 Fibrin-fibronectin complex -- 7.12 Alanine aminopeptidase (CD13) -- 7.13 Carbonic anhydrase -- 7.14 Interleukin 6 receptor -- 7.15 Estrogen and progesterone receptors -- 7.16 Contrast agents based on natural products -- 7.17 Messenger RNA (mRNA) -- 7.18 Myelin -- 7.19 DNA -- 7.20 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Responsive Probes -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Probes responsive to physiological parameters -- 8.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Paramagnetic CEST MRI Contrast Agents -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Theoretical and practical considerations on CEST response -- 9.3 Diamagnetic versus paramagnetic CEST agents -- 9.4 Paramagnetic CEST agents.
,
9.5 Other exchange-mediated contrast modes accessible for paramagnetic CEST agents -- 9.6 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 10: Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for MRI -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles -- 10.3 Stabilization -- 10.4 Methods of vectorization for molecular imaging -- 10.5 Characterization -- 10.6 Applications -- 10.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 11: Gd-Containing Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Agents -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Length scales and excretion pathways -- 11.3 Preparation of Gd-containing nanoparticles -- 11.4 Methods for nanoparticle characterization -- 11.5 In vitro applications -- 11.6 In vivo applications -- 11.7 Conclusions and future perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Index.
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