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  • 1
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    Glacial melting: an overlooked threat to Antarctic krill (2016)
    Nature Research
    In:  Scientific Reports, 6 (27234).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-11
    Description: Strandings of marine animals are relatively common in marine systems. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We observed mass strandings of krill in Antarctica that appeared to be linked to the presence of glacial meltwater. Climate-induced glacial meltwater leads to an increased occurrence of suspended particles in the sea, which is known to affect the physiology of aquatic organisms. Here, we study the effect of suspended inorganic particles on krill in relation to krill mortality events observed in Potter Cove, Antarctica, between 2003 and 2012. The experimental results showed that large quantities of lithogenic particles affected krill feeding, absorption capacity and performance after only 24 h of exposure. Negative effects were related to both the threshold concentrations and the size of the suspended particles. Analysis of the stomach contents of stranded krill showed large quantities of large particles ( 〉 106 μm3), which were most likely mobilized by glacial meltwater. Ongoing climate-induced glacial melting may impact the coastal ecosystems of Antarctica that rely on krill.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: video
    DOI: 10.1038/srep27234
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Bulk gut content and mantle glycogen content of antarctic ascidians from different stations inside Potter Cove (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The gut content (dry mass and organic matter fraction) of three antarctic ascidians (Corella antarctica, Cnemidocarpa verrucosa, and Molgula pedunculata) under different sedimentation regimes were estimated together with mantel glycogen content. Samples were taken by scuba diving at 20 m depth at three different stations inside Potter Cove (South Shetlands, Antarctica): Inner Station (62º13'23.6''S; 58º38'41''W), Middle Station (62º13'54''S; 58º40'06''W), and Outer Station (62º14'10''S; 58º42'48''W) during austral February 2011.
    Keywords: Analytical Balance, Sartorius, LA230S; Antarctic ascidians; Combustion at 450 ºC for 5 h to obtain ash weight, subtraction of ash weight from total dry weight; determined after Kunst et al. (1984) and Keppler and Decker (1984), following modification specified in Torre et al. (2014); DIVER; Elevation of event; Event label; glycogen; Glycogen; Gut, dry mass; gut content; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Organic matter of total gut content; PotterCove_inner; PotterCove_middle; PotterCove_outer; Potter Cove, King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula; Registration number of species; Sampling by diver; sedimentation; Species; Specimen identification; Station label; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Wet mass
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 813 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Unknown
    Molecular responses of calcifying and non-calcifying Antarctic benthic species to Ocean Acidification - Apoptotic activity (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: Southern Ocean organisms are thought to be particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification, as they inhabit cold waters where calcite-aragonite saturation states are naturally low. It is also generally assumed that calcifying animals would be more affected by ocean acidification than non-calcifying ones. In this context, we aimed to study the impacts of reduced pH on the ascidia Cnemidocarpa verrucosa sp. A. Here, we used gene expression profiling and enzymatic activity to study the responses of that Antarctic benthic species to ocean acidification. We sampled Cnemidocarpa verrucosa sp. A. by scuba diving at approximately 15 m depth at Carlini station, Potter Cove, King George Island, Antarctica. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured in the ascidia, samples (approximately 70 mg of brachial basket) were homogenized in 20 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.6, with a ratio 1:4 w/v. Homogenates were centrifuged at 14,000 x g for 3 min at 4°C and the supernatant was used to measure SOD activity at 20°C following Livingstone et al. (1992) protocol. Supernatant was mixed with the measurement buffer (43 mM K₂HPO₄, 43 mM KH₂PO₄, 0.1 mM EDTA, pH 7.68), 5 mM Xanthina (Sigma X-0626), 100 µM Citocromo-C (Sigma C-2037), 0.3 mU/µl XOD (Xanthin-Oxidasa, Sigma X-4875) in 2 M (NH₄)2SO₄. The measurement was made in a photometer at 20°C, 550 nm wavelength, for 3 minutes, every 10 seconds. For the calculations, the total protein content of the samples was measured using the method of Bradford (1976). Superoxide dismutase activity was expressed in activity in the extract (mU) / amount of protein (mg). All measurements were made in triplicate.
    Keywords: Ant_PotterCove_2015; Antarctica; apoptosis; Apoptotic activity, per protein; Background corrected; Calculated average/mean values; Caspase; Cnemidocarpa verrucosa sp. A; Date/time end, experiment; Date/time start, experiment; DIVER; Event label; laboratory study; Potter Cove; Potter Cove, King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula; Sample code/label; Sampling by diver; Species; Spectrophotometer UV/Vis, Beckman Coulter, DU800; Superoxide Dismutase; Temperature, water; Treatment; Tunicata; Type of study
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 476 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Molecular responses of calcifying and non-calcifying Antarctic benthic species to Ocean Acidification - Superoxide dismutase activity (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: Southern Ocean organisms are thought to be particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification, as they inhabit cold waters where calcite-aragonite saturation states are naturally low. It is also generally assumed that calcifying animals would be more affected by ocean acidification than non-calcifying ones. In this context, we aimed to study the impacts of reduced pH on the ascidia Cnemidocarpa verrucosa sp. A. Here, we used gene expression profiling and enzymatic activity to study the responses of that Antarctic benthic species to ocean acidification. We sampled Cnemidocarpa verrucosa sp. A. by scuba diving at approximately 15 m depth at Carlini station, Potter Cove, King George Island, Antarctica. Caspases 3/7 activity as indicators of apoptosis intensity was measured using the Caspase-Glow 3/7 Assay kit (Promega, USA) following the manufacturer's instructions. Samples were homogenized (16-33 mg) in lysis buffer consisting in 25 mM HEPES, 5 mM MgCl₂·6H₂O, 1 mM EGTA, 1 μg/mL pepstatin, 1 μg/mL leupectin, and 1 μg/mL aprotinin at a ratio 1:100 (Rivera-Ingraham et al., 2013) using a Precellys homogenizer (2 cycles at 5,500 x g at 4°C for 20 s). Homogenates were centrifuged at 13,000 x g at 4°C for 15 min and the supernatant was used to measure luminescence using Tristar LB941 plate reader (Berthold Technologies GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Wildbad, Germany). The total protein content of the samples was measured using the method of Bradford (1976). Caspase/Apoptotic activity was expressed as relative light units (RLU) per μg of protein × 104.
    Keywords: Ant_PotterCove_2015; Antarctica; apoptosis; Bradford method (1976); Buffer; Calculated; Calculated average/mean values; Caspase; Change of extinction; Cnemidocarpa verrucosa, superoxide dismutase, in extract; Cnemidocarpa verrucosa, superoxide dismutase, per protein mass; Cnemidocarpa verrucosa, superoxide dismutase, per wet mass; Cnemidocarpa verrucosa sp. A; Date/time end, experiment; Date/time start, experiment; DIVER; Event label; laboratory study; Potter Cove; Potter Cove, King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula; Proteins; Sample, wet mass; Sample code/label; Sample volume; Sampling by diver; Species; Spectrophotometer UV/Vis, Beckman Coulter, DU800; Temperature, water; Treatment; Tunicata; Type of study
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 527 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Glacial melting: an overlooked threat to Antarctic krill (2016)
    www.nature.com/scientificreports
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Nature, www.nature.com/scientificreports, 6
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-02
    Description: Strandings of marine animals are relatively common in marine systems. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We observed mass strandings of krill in Antarctica that appeared to be linked to the presence of glacial meltwater. Climate-induced glacial meltwater leads to an increased occurrence of suspended particles in the sea, which is known to affect the physiology of aquatic organisms. Here, we study the effect of suspended inorganic particles on krill in relation to krill mortality events observed in Potter Cove, Antarctica, between 2003 and 2012. The experimental results showed that large quantities of lithogenic particles affected krill feeding, absorption capacity and performance after only 24 h of exposure. Negative effects were related to both the threshold concentrations and the size of the suspended particles. Analysis of the stomach contents of stranded krill showed large quantities of large particles ( 〉 106 μm3), which were most likely mobilized by glacial meltwater. Ongoing climate-induced glacial melting may impact the coastal ecosystems of Antarctica that rely on krill.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    PAPER (OA)
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