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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eine verbesserte, sehr empfindliche Methode zur biologischen Auswertung des Insektenhormones Ecdyson
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Insect Physiology 15 (1969), S. 1301-1307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-1910
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(69)90192-9
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies to establish an optimal diet for the decapod crab Carcinus maenas under culture conditions (1977)
    Springer
    Marine biology 44 (1977), S. 287-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The maintenance of a uniform diet for Carcinus maenas (L.), where this crab is used as test animal in the laboratory, precludes the use of fresh food, e. g. mussels, for many reasons; not the least of these is the seasonal variation in the nutritive value of such food. Different types of fresh food are variably accepted by C. maenas, dependent on such factors as taste and the consistency of the food. The crabs will eat freeze-dried food set in agar-agar. A diet of this food is, however, inferior to one of fresh food as its preparation destroys essential substances and storage causes aging. In order to eliminate these disadvantages, a better quality artificial diet was developed, one which nevertheless does not attain the quality of fresh food. This diet can be further improved by varying the proportions of the individual constitutents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387709
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies to establish an optimal diet for Carcinus maenas II. Protein and lipid requirements (1980)
    Springer
    Marine biology 60 (1980), S. 115-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Carcinus maenas (L.) was maintained on synthetic foods containing various proteins and lipids. Food quality was evaluated in terms of the crustacean's growth, duration of intermoult periods, and time of survival. Casein was found to be an adequate source of protein. Substituting amino acids or hydrolysates for casein results in reduced growth and delayed moults or absence of moulting. Animal proteins like casein are better suited than vegetable proteins. Correspondingly cod liver oil is more adequate than the vegetable lipid maize oil. The amount of salts and the pH-value also influence the quality of food-stuff for C. maenas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389154
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies to establish an optimal diet for Carcinus maenas (1983)
    Springer
    Marine biology 74 (1983), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Carcinus maenas was maintained on synthetic foods containing various amounts of vitamins, cod liver oil and cholesterol. Food quality was evaluated in terms of growth, duration of intermoult periods and time of survival of the crabs. Vitamins are necessary for their growth and survival and cholesterol is also an essential nutrient. The best growth rates were obtained with 1.4 and 2.1% cholesterol in the food. At 6 and 9% cod liver oil in the food, we observed the best growth, while too high lipid levels slightly reduced the growth of the crustaceans, and definitely reduced their survival time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403451
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue ergebnisse über die aufzucht von Carcinus maenas im laboratorium (1976)
    Springer
    Marine biology 38 (1976), S. 17-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The shore crab Carcinus maenas was reared in the laboratory from egg deposition to sexual maturity. Special enclosures were developed for cultivation of the larvae. Food and temperature proved to be the most important exogenous factors for rearing success. Fresh Artemia salina nauplii were the only food suitable for all larval stages. The following rearing temperatures proved most successful during larval development: (1) embryonic development, 10°C; (2) zoea stages, 15°C; (3) megalopa stage, 17.5°C. The larvae hatch preferably in darkness when reared under short-day conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391481
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of fluoride in some antarctic seals (1985)
    Springer
    Polar biology 5 (1985), S. 31-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The aim of this investigation was to find out why some antarctic seals tolerate fluoride levels in their food (krill) that would be toxic to man. The fluoride content of different soft and hard tissues, urine and feces from 16 L. carcinophagus, 13 L. weddelli and 2 A. tropicalis (urine only) were determined by the fluoride sensitive electrode or by a photometric method (urine). Results and conclusions are following: All soft tissues have low concentrations of fluoride in the same range as soft tissues from non antarctic and non krill eating marine or terrestrial vertebrates. But within the soft tissues there are significant differences in the fluoride content (blood: 0.001 ppm F/dw — brain: 9.1 ppm F/dw). A special tolerance for fluoride of soft tissues can be excluded. Compared with man or weddell-seals the crabeater-seals store two times more fluoride in their skeleton. Hard structures that stop their mineralisation early in the development like teeth have only a relatively low fluoride content. For the same reason only neglectable amounts of fluoride could be detected in hair. Fluoride excretion by the kidneys is efficient and is — besides the storage of fluoride in the skeleton — the second mechanism to guarantee a good blood homoiostasis for fluoride. Until now it is impossible to decide how much fluoride from the food is resorbed by the digestive tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446042
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluoride in tissues of Krill Euphausia superba Dana and Meganyctiphanes norvegica M. Sars in relation to the moult cycle (1987)
    Springer
    Polar biology 7 (1987), S. 43-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The fluoride content of whole animals and different tissues of the euphausiid species Euphausia superba and Meganyctiphanes norvegica was analyzed by two different and improved methods of isolation and determination. In contrast to other authors our findings show that the internal organs (muscle, hepatopancreas and hemolymph) contain less than 6 ppm d.w. fluoride this being the same order of magnitude as for vertebrates. The high concentrations reported by other authors must be mainly due to contamination of the soft tissue during storage (post-mortem migration of fluoride from shell) and/or contamination caused by minute fractions of cuticle during dissection. Over 99% of the total fluoride content is located in the cuticle (i.e. integument) of the euphausiids (2600 ppm/d.w. in E. superba and 3300 ppm/d.w. in M. norvegica in pleon cuticle). Analysis of F- levels in relation to the moulting cycle showed that the uptake in both euphausiids occurs at a comparable and fast rate during the same physiological phase shortly after moult, parallel to the general construction of the cuticle. The internal organs show homeostasis in respect to fluoride. Accordingly, no internal deposition takes place, and F- is reaccumulated from the external medium at each moult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286823
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ heart rate and activity of incubating Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) (1989)
    Springer
    Polar biology 9 (1989), S. 365-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Heart rates and activity were monitored over 24 h in unrestrained, incubating Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) exposed to natural conditions in the colony. Heart rate (HR in bpm) increased linearly with wind speed (w; range 0–19 m/s): HR = 85.8+1.35 w, but was unrelated (P〉0.05) to temperature (-2.5°–6°C), humidity (37%–100%) cloud cover (0–8/8) and estimated solar radiation (0–12). Wind-induced heat loss was apparently compensated to a large degree by increased metabolic activity. Activity (A) measured as frequency of standing per hour, decreased linearly with temperature (t) and wind speed (w): A = 1.651−0.033w−0.090t. After correcting for meteorological influences, heart rate and bird activity showed no diurnal periodicity. When incubating, metabolism and activity of Adélie penguins appear to be mainly governed by climatic variations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442526
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human-induced behaviour in Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae (1989)
    Springer
    Polar biology 10 (1989), S. 77-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae appear to be little perturbed by man. We examined the incidence of nest desertion and duration of foraging trip in Adélie penguins when manipulated and fitted with devices of differing sizes. Birds with ca. 1 cm clipped from their tail feathers stayed at sea 50% longer than unmarked controls. The length of foraging trip and incidence of nest desertion increased with increasing device volume. Penguins fitted with devices did not reduce foraging trip length to that of unpackaged birds for at least 19 days. The susceptibility of Adélie penguins to disturbance should be carefully considered when activity patterns are being studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238293
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foraging rhythms in Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) at hope bay, Antarctica; determination and control (1989)
    Springer
    Polar biology 10 (1989), S. 161-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We studied diel periodicity in activity of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) during the austral summer solstice and one month later by counting, hourly, numbers of birds leaving colonies to forage, numbers arriving back after foraging, numbers in a colony and numbers resting outside the colonies. During the solstice large numbers of birds were arriving at and departing from the colony at all times of the day although there was a tendency for more birds to be at sea when light intensity was highest at mid-day. Generally, birds not brooding chicks did not rest on land. A month later, when visibility was poor at mid-night, the percentage of birds at sea was highly positively correlated with light intensity. Birds returning from foraging in the evening fed chicks immediately and then either rested in the colonies or on snow patches between the colonies and the sea until the following morning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238490
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