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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 3431-3434 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A study has been carried out on the I–V characteristics of junction diodes for low current applications. An analytical correction for temperature on the forward voltage is estimated using experimentally derived parameters. The parameters can all be easily measured. The analytical correction is found to be accurate within 4% for a current range of 10−11–10−4 A and for a temperature range of −30–70 °C. This study will be useful for logarithmic electrometers for low current measurement where space and power are at a premium. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 1652-1654 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Numerous instrumentation applications can benefit from the use of logarithmic or exponential signal processing technique. A temperature-compensated bipolar log-ratio amplifier has been designed for measurements of currents of both polarity in the current range 10−11–10−5 A. This amplifier finds its usefulness in signal compression, especially in space-borne instrumentation for the study of various atmospheric parameters, such as electron temperature, where currents of both polarity having large dynamic range are to be measured. Temperature compensation is achieved in the temperature range −10 to +70 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 2585-2588 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A linear electrometer capable of wide range current measurement is presented. Circuit analysis of the electrometer and an automatic gain switching system are described. The electrometer can measure currents from 100 pA to 15 μA. Experimental results of the range and rise time are also discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 4465-4467 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A study on the temperature sensing capability of a light-emitting diode (LED) has been made. Dependence of I–V characteristics as a function of temperature is used as a temperature sensing mechanism. It is found that the temperature voltage characteristics of a GaP LED are quite linear from 77 to 533 K. The measured sensitivity of the diode is 5.31 mV/K at 1 pA and is 2.34 mV/K at 0.1 mA. Since the reverse saturation current of LED is less than fempto-ampere range, it is possible to operate the thermometer at low currents, as compared to silicon or germanium diode thermometers, which reduce power dissipation in the device. It has been possible to extend the temperature range to higher value due to large value of band gap for LEDs. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 4087-4090 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A simple technique is explored in which the open circuit voltage of a photodiode is measured using a simple digital multimeter to monitor the solar irradiance and atmospheric optical depths in three spectral bands. The advantage of this technique is that the photometer only consists of an optical interference filter, photodiode, and a measuring digital multimeter, while the electronics circuitry otherwise needed in a conventional photometer is avoided. This makes the system very simple, cost effective, and versatile for even nonprofessionals to handle. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 595-598 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In a logarithmic electrometer which uses a transistor as a nonlinear element, a capacitance is generally connected across the feedback element of the operational amplifier. This stabilizes the loop but degrades the response at low current levels. However the stability problem is not so serious when a junction diode is used. In the present work an attempt was made to study the response time of a logarithmic electrometer which uses a light emitting diode (LED) as a nonlinear element and without external capacitance. The calculated values of rise time are based on an equivalent circuit with a depletion layer capacitance and voltage dependent conductance. These values are found to be in reasonable agreement with the experimentally measured values. This study will be useful in the estimation of dynamical errors in logarithmic electrometers using junction diode/LED, LED photometers and will be helpful in the techniques for improvements of the response time of logarithmic electrometers using a junction diode, particularly at low currents. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 2014-2016 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The current–voltage characteristics of logarithmic amplifiers depend considerably on the ambient temperature. A theoretical correction has been estimated considering the temperature dependence of various parameters in the diode equation. A log electrometer using light-emitting diodes has been fabricated and its I–V characteristics are obtained experimentally for calibration and also to determine the device constant. If a measurement is obtained at a temperature other than the one for which calibration has been done, the theoretical correction can be applied to get the correct value. It has been shown that the theoretically corrected readings lie within ±4% of the experimentally obtained data in the temperature range of 5–60 °C for the operating current range of 10−12–10−4 A. The alternative can be to introduce temperature compensation circuitry into the logarithmic amplifier. However, this makes the electrometer circuit more complex. The proposed theoretical correction method may find applications where space and power are at a premium and the accuracy requirement is not very stringent. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 3866-3870 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: During electrical conductivity measurements using balloon-borne probes, the gondola was observed to acquire an electrical potential of the order of a few tens of volts. Such an effect was found to occur mainly during balloon ascent and also to a lesser extent during balloon float and descent periods. A technique has been developed at the Physical Research Laboratory (Ahmedabad, India) for the direct measurement of potential acquired by the gondola during the course of its flight. Such measurement has relevance when we interpret the data obtained from the balloon-borne conductivity and electric field probes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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