In:
PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2022-11-23), p. e0277419-
Abstract:
Typhoid causes preventable death and disease. The World Health Organization recommends Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine for endemic countries, but introduction decisions depend on cost-effectiveness. We estimated household and healthcare economic burdens of typhoid in Blantyre, Malawi. Methods In a prospective cohort of culture-confirmed typhoid cases at two primary- and a referral-level health facility, we collected direct medical, non-medical costs (2020 U.S. dollars) to healthcare provider, plus indirect costs to households. Results From July 2019-March 2020, of 109 cases, 63 (58%) were 〈 15 years old, 44 (40%) were inpatients. Mean hospitalization length was 7.7 days (SD 4.1). For inpatients, mean total household and provider costs were $93.85 (95%CI: 68.87–118.84) and $296.52 (95%CI: 225.79–367.25), respectively. For outpatients, these costs were $19.05 (95%CI: 4.38–33.71) and $39.65 (95%CI: 33.93–45.39), respectively. Household costs were due mainly to direct non-medical and indirect costs, medical care was free. Catastrophic illness cost, defined as cost 〉 40% of non-food monthly household expenditure, occurred in 48 (44%) households. Conclusions Typhoid can be economically catastrophic for families, despite accessible free medical care. Typhoid is costly for government healthcare provision. These data make an economic case for TCV introduction in Malawi and the region and will be used to derive vaccine cost-effectiveness.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1932-6203
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0277419
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0277419.g001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0277419.t001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0277419.t002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0277419.s001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0277419.r001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0277419.r002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0277419.r003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0277419.r004
Language:
English
Publisher:
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publication Date:
2022
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2267670-3
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