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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Arctic sea ice conditions in spring 2009–2013 prior to melt
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2013
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 40, No. 22 ( 2013-11-28), p. 5888-5893
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 40, No. 22 ( 2013-11-28), p. 5888-5893
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/grl.v40.22
    DOI: 10.1002/2013GL058011
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Observations of the annual cycle of sea ice temperature and mass balance
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1997
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 1997-03-01), p. 555-558
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 1997-03-01), p. 555-558
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/97GL00185
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The formation and morphology of ice stalactites observed under deforming lead ice
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1995
    In:  Journal of Glaciology Vol. 41, No. 138 ( 1995), p. 305-312
    Details
    In: Journal of Glaciology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 41, No. 138 ( 1995), p. 305-312
    Abstract: During the LeadEx main field experiment, held in April 1992 in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea, a number of large ice stalactites were observed growing under young lead ice. Formation of the stalactites was associated with rafting of the thin, highly saline ice. The rafting caused the brine to drain rapidly from the ice at a temperature well below the freezing point of the surrounding water, which in turn caused ice to form in a hollow cylinder around the brine plume. Within a 15 h period after the rafting event, the stalactites, which were located approximately 10 m apart in a line along the upwind edge of a 150 m wide lead, had grown to a length of 2 m. A detailed structural analysis of the upper part of one of these stalactites revealed that the interior channel, down which the brine flowed, was bounded by a zone of frazil ice that developed into a shell of columnar ice. The growth of the columnar ice was directed radially outward and the c axes of these crystals were oriented perpendicular to their growth direction. Development of the stalactites illustrates the impact ice deformation can have on the process of brine rejection in freezing leads and potentially on the thermohaline structure of the upper ocean in the immediate vicinity of the lead.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1430 , 1727-5652
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0022143000016191
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2140541-4
    SSG: 14
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    From points to Poles: extrapolating point measurements of sea-ice mass balance
    International Glaciological Society ; 2006
    In:  Annals of Glaciology Vol. 44 ( 2006), p. 188-192
    Details
    In: Annals of Glaciology, International Glaciological Society, Vol. 44 ( 2006), p. 188-192
    Abstract: The amount of ice growth and ablation are key measures of the thermodynamic state of the ice cover. While ice extent and even ice thickness can be determined using remote-sensing techniques, this is not the case for the mass balance. Mass-balance measurements require an ability to attribute the change, establishing whether a change in the thickness of the ice cover occurs at the top or bottom surface and whether it is a result of growth or ablation. We have developed and implemented a tool that can be used to measure thermodynamic changes in sea-ice mass balance at individual locations: the ice mass-balance buoy (IMB). The primary limitation of the IMB is that it provides a point measurement of the ice mass balance, defined by a particular combination of snow and ice conditions. Determining if, and how, such point measurements can be extrapolated is critical to understanding the large-scale mass balance of the sea-ice cover. We explore the potential for extrapolation using mass-balance observations from the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) field experiment. During SHEBA, mass-balance measurements were made at over 100 sites covering a 100 km 2 area. Results indicate that individual point measurements can provide reasonable estimates for undeformed and unponded multi-year ice, which represented more than two-thirds of the ice cover at SHEBA and is the dominant ice type in the perennial pack. A key is carefully selecting a representative location for the instrument package. The contribution of these point measurements can be amplified by integrating them with other tools designed to measure ice thickness and assimilating these combined data into sea-ice models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0260-3055 , 1727-5644
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3189/172756406781811204
    Language: English
    Publisher: International Glaciological Society
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2122400-6
    SSG: 14
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  • 5
    Online Resource
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    Corrigendum: Spatial and temporal characterisation of sea-ice deformation
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Glaciology Vol. 64, No. 244 ( 2018-04), p. 343-346
    Details
    In: Journal of Glaciology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 64, No. 244 ( 2018-04), p. 343-346
    Abstract: Correcting a sign error results in no changes to the key conclusions of Hutchings and others (2011). However, there is an improved agreement with previous work. Mean total sea-ice deformation scales log linearly with distance and the scaling exponent was found to be dependent on time. We find a linear relationship between the temporal scale and spatial scaling exponent, for timescales of an hour to a day. Extrapolating to the timescales of deformation resolved by RADARSAT, we find total deformation and distance scale with an exponent of between −0.16 and −0.19.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1430 , 1727-5652
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/jog.2018.11
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2140541-4
    SSG: 14
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the uncertainty of sea-ice isostasy
    International Glaciological Society ; 2015
    In:  Annals of Glaciology Vol. 56, No. 69 ( 2015), p. 341-352
    Details
    In: Annals of Glaciology, International Glaciological Society, Vol. 56, No. 69 ( 2015), p. 341-352
    Abstract: During late winter 2007, coincident measurements of sea ice were collected using various sensors at an ice camp in the Beaufort Sea, Canadian Arctic. Analysis of the archived data provides new insight into sea-ice isostasy and its related R -factor through case studies at three scales using different combinations of snow and ice thickness components. At the smallest scale ( 〈 1 m; point scale), isostasy is not expected, so we calculate a residual and define this as Ж (‘zjey’) to describe vertical displacement due to deformation. From 1 to 10 m length scales, we explore traditional isostasy and identify a specific sequence of thickness calculations which minimize freeboard and elevation uncertainty. An effective solution exists when the R -factor is allowed to vary: ranging from 2 to 12, with mean of 5.17, mode of 5.88 and skewed distribution. At regional scales, underwater, airborne and spaceborne platforms are always missing thickness variables from either above or below sea level. For such situations, realistic agreement is found by applying small-scale skewed ranges for the R -factor. These findings encourage a broader isostasy solution as a function of potential energy and length scale. Overall, results add insight to data collection strategies and metadata characteristics of different thickness products.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0260-3055 , 1727-5644
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3189/2015AoG69A633
    Language: English
    Publisher: International Glaciological Society
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2122400-6
    SSG: 14
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Arctic Radiation-IceBridge Sea and Ice Experiment: The Arctic Radiant Energy System during the Critical Seasonal Ice Transition
    American Meteorological Society ; 2017
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 98, No. 7 ( 2017-07-01), p. 1399-1426
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 98, No. 7 ( 2017-07-01), p. 1399-1426
    Abstract: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)’s Arctic Radiation-IceBridge Sea and Ice Experiment (ARISE) acquired unique aircraft data on atmospheric radiation and sea ice properties during the critical late summer to autumn sea ice minimum and commencement of refreezing. The C-130 aircraft flew 15 missions over the Beaufort Sea between 4 and 24 September 2014. ARISE deployed a shortwave and longwave broadband radiometer (BBR) system from the Naval Research Laboratory; a Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) from the University of Colorado Boulder; the Spectrometer for Sky-Scanning, Sun-Tracking Atmospheric Research (4STAR) from the NASA Ames Research Center; cloud microprobes from the NASA Langley Research Center; and the Land, Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS) laser altimeter system from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. These instruments sampled the radiant energy exchange between clouds and a variety of sea ice scenarios, including prior to and after refreezing began. The most critical and unique aspect of ARISE mission planning was to coordinate the flight tracks with NASA Cloud and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) satellite sensor observations in such a way that satellite sensor angular dependence models and derived top-of-atmosphere fluxes could be validated against the aircraft data over large gridbox domains of order 100–200 km. This was accomplished over open ocean, over the marginal ice zone (MIZ), and over a region of heavy sea ice concentration, in cloudy and clear skies. ARISE data will be valuable to the community for providing better interpretation of satellite energy budget measurements in the Arctic and for process studies involving ice–cloud–atmosphere energy exchange during the sea ice transition period.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00277.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029396-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 419957-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Discussion of “Mechanical Properties of First‐Year Sea Ice at Tarsiut Island” by Jacqueline A. Richter‐Menge and Erland M. Schulson
    American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) ; 1997
    In:  Journal of Cold Regions Engineering Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 1997-03), p. 93-96
    Details
    In: Journal of Cold Regions Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 1997-03), p. 93-96
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0887-381X , 1943-5495
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(1997)11:1(93)
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
    Publication Date: 1997
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Loss of Sea Ice in the Arctic
    Annual Reviews ; 2009
    In:  Annual Review of Marine Science Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2009-01-01), p. 417-441
    Details
    In: Annual Review of Marine Science, Annual Reviews, Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2009-01-01), p. 417-441
    Abstract: The Arctic sea ice cover is in decline. The areal extent of the ice cover has been decreasing for the past few decades at an accelerating rate. Evidence also points to a decrease in sea ice thickness and a reduction in the amount of thicker perennial sea ice. A general global warming trend has made the ice cover more vulnerable to natural fluctuations in atmospheric and oceanic forcing. The observed reduction in Arctic sea ice is a consequence of both thermodynamic and dynamic processes, including such factors as preconditioning of the ice cover, overall warming trends, changes in cloud coverage, shifts in atmospheric circulation patterns, increased export of older ice out of the Arctic, advection of ocean heat from the Pacific and North Atlantic, enhanced solar heating of the ocean, and the ice-albedo feedback. The diminishing Arctic sea ice is creating social, political, economic, and ecological challenges.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1941-1405 , 1941-0611
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1146/marine.2009.1.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163805
    Language: English
    Publisher: Annual Reviews
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2458404-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seasonal evolution of melt ponds on Arctic sea ice
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 120, No. 9 ( 2015-09), p. 5968-5982
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 120, No. 9 ( 2015-09), p. 5968-5982
    Abstract: An algorithm was created to study melt pond evolution on drifting Arctic sea ice Snow distribution and ice topography affect the onset and pace of melt pond formation
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-9275 , 2169-9291
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrc.v120.9
    DOI: 10.1002/2015JC011030
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    SSG: 16,13
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