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  • 1
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    EFFETS À LONG TERME D’APPORTS DE FUMIER SOLIDE DE BOVINS SUR L’ÉVOLUTION DES CARACTERISTIQUES CHIMIQUES DU SOL ET DE LA PRODUCTION DE MAIS-ENSILAGE
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 1990
    In:  Canadian Journal of Plant Science Vol. 70, No. 3 ( 1990-07-01), p. 767-775
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Plant Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 70, No. 3 ( 1990-07-01), p. 767-775
    Abstract: A long-term field experiment was initiated on a Neubois silty loam in 1978 in the county of Levis, Québec to study the changes in soil characteristics and silage corn yields following manure application. Solid beef cattle manure was incorporated without fertilizer every 2 yr in fall, at rates of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 t ha −1 . Even when significant differences were observed between treatments low corn yields were obtained from 1978 to 1984. These low yields were related to the low N, P and K recoveries from applied manure. For the 20 t ha −1 application rate, N. P and K recoveries from manure in the first year were 28, 7 and 1396, respectively. N, P and K recovery decreased with manure application rates. Corn yields increased progressively, but they achieved their maximum value (10–12 t ha −1 DM) only in 1985 and after three manure applications. This was due to the important residual effect of manure. Highly significant increases in N (7–64%), P (80–300%) and K (37–158%) as well as other nutrients were associated with manure applications. Manure application also significantly increased soil pH, CEC and organic matter. Average yearly increases of organic matter content were 0.06% and 0.16% for 20 to 40 t ha −1 , respectively, and varied from 0.20 to 0.30% for the highest application rates (60–100 t ha −1 ). These improvements of soil properties constitute the "indirect effect" of manure. This study showed that percent recovery of N, P and K from solid cattle manure was generally low. Thus, manure should be mainly considered as an organic amendment.Key words: Solid cattle manure, corn silage, percent recovery, pH, mineral nutrients, cation exchange capacity, organic matter
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4220 , 1918-1833
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4141/cjps90-094
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 1990
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016989-9
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  • 2
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    Nitrogen-mineralization potential of meadow soils
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 1993
    In:  Canadian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 73, No. 1 ( 1993-02-01), p. 27-38
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 73, No. 1 ( 1993-02-01), p. 27-38
    Abstract: An understanding of the mineralization factors in contrasting cultivated soils is necessary for accurate predictions of plant-available N. The objective of this work was to determine the N-mineralization potential and mathematical models that can properly describe the dynamics of the mineralization process in 20 meadow soils from Quebec. The mineralization was monitored over 55.4 wk in a laboratory incubation at 20 °C with intermittent leaching. The cumulative mineralization curves in most soils were characterized by definite lags or a sigmoidal pattern and near-linear release with time after 20 wk. The data were best described by the Gompertz equation; first-order models were inadequate. The total amount of mineralizable N and the potential mineralization rate were very closely correlated with the total amounts of C or N (r  〉  0.73; P  〈  0.01). The clay content was also correlated with these mineralization parameters and significantly improved the prediction of the cumulative and potential N-mineralization rate estimated from the total N or C content of soils. The relationships with other soil characteristics such as soil pH and available nutrient contents were weak but significant. The results of this study suggest that textural classes be added in the correction for organic matter content to improve the precision in N-fertilizer recommendation and in soil-quality classifications based on potential mineralization rate. Key words: Soil quality, potentially mineralizable N, Gompertz equation, soil organic matter, soil texture, C, N
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4271 , 1918-1841
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4141/cjss93-003
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 417254-1
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  • 3
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    Response of silage corn and wheat to dairy manure and fertilizers in long-term fertilized and manured trials
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 1996
    In:  Canadian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 76, No. 3 ( 1996-08-01), p. 357-363
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 76, No. 3 ( 1996-08-01), p. 357-363
    Abstract: Silage corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown (1987–1991) in trials that had been manured and fertilized since 1978 to evaluate the effects of annual N, P, K and Mg fertilizers and dairy cattle manure on yields and nutrient uptake. Manure as the main factor was applied at 0 and 20 Mg ha −1 on a wet-weight basis. The subplots consisted of six fertilizer treatments: NK, PK, NP, NPK, NPKMg and the unfertilized control. For silage corn, fertilizer rates were 150, 100, 150 and 40 kg ha −1 N, P 2 O 5 , K 2 O and Mg, respectively. Fertilizer rates for wheat were 80, 100, 120 and 40 kg ha −1 N, P 2 O 5 , K 2 O and Mg, respectively. In manured plots, reduced N rates were applied for silage corn (100 kg N ha −1 ) and wheat (50 kg N ha −1 ). Silage corn and wheat yields and nutrient uptake were significantly increased by manure, N and K fertilizers whereas P and Mg effects were limited. A N-K synergistic effect on yields and nutrient uptake was observed both for silage corn and wheat. Application of K fertilizer significantly reduced silage corn Mg uptake without limiting yields, while it increased wheat yields and Mg uptake. Reduced N rates applied to silage corn and wheat achieved maximum yields and nutrient uptake in long-term manured treatments. Crop response to fertilizer application varied with crop species and was higher for silage corn than for wheat. Fertilizer adjustment is necessary after a long-term fertilizer or manure application. Key words: Silage corn, wheat, yields, nutrient uptake, manure, fertilizers, long-term, response to fertilizers
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4271 , 1918-1841
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4141/cjss96-043
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 417254-1
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  • 4
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    Effets d’amendements ligneux sur la disponibilité d’azote dans un sol sableux cultivé en pomme de terre
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 1992
    In:  Canadian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 72, No. 2 ( 1992-05-01), p. 89-95
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 72, No. 2 ( 1992-05-01), p. 89-95
    Abstract: A field trial with potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was conducted on a sandy soil to estimate N immobilization after applying tree clippings to the soil. N availability was evaluated by mineralizable N, N recovery coefficients and N derived from fertilizer. Fresh and composted tree clippings (50 t ha −1 ) were compared with an unamended control. In each principal treatment, nitrogen fertilizer was added at the rates of 0, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha −1 . Mineralizable N was lowest (P ≤ 0.001) in plots amended with wood residues by comparison to the unamended control. N recovery was 0.49 and 0.54 for fresh and composted residues, respectively, which indicates a higher N immobilization for fresh wood residues. N immobilization was estimated at 46 kg N ha −1 and increased in treatments receiving fresh tree clippings and also with increasing N rates. Moreover, a significant linear increase of N derived from fertilizer (P = 0.03) was observed with fertilizer N rates especially in amended treatments. Thus, the incorporation of ligneous material to the soil may have reduced the availability of soil mineralized N and potato growth depended mainly on N fertilizer addition. This study indicates that during the first growing season following the application of ligneous materials, N immobilization remained the main restricting factor on potato production. Key words: N availability, N derived from fertilizer, N immobilization, N recovery coefficient, potato, tree clippings, wood residues
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4271 , 1918-1841
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4141/cjss92-008
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 417254-1
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  • 5
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    Soil and Crop Parameters Related to Corn Nitrogen Response in Eastern Canada
    Wiley ; 2010
    In:  Agronomy Journal Vol. 102, No. 5 ( 2010-09), p. 1478-1490
    Details
    In: Agronomy Journal, Wiley, Vol. 102, No. 5 ( 2010-09), p. 1478-1490
    Abstract: Information regarding the relationships between soil properties and the economic optimum N rate for crop yield is needed to ensure profitable use of N fertilizer. This study was conducted in 2007 and 2008 at 62 field sites in Québec (eastern Canada) to assess corn ( Zea mays L.) response to N fertilizer, to calculate the economically optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) and corn yield (EOY), and to relate these two parameters with soil and crop‐based parameters. Yield response to N fertilizer rates (0–250 kg N ha −1 ) at each site was fitted to a linear, quadratic, or quadratic‐plus‐plateau model. The EONR and yield (EOY) were related to 12 soil and crop‐based parameters, and corn heat units (CHU). The quadratic‐plus‐plateau model best described the yield‐fertilizer relationship at 43 of the 62 field sites. The values of EOY varied from 7.4 to 13.3 Mg ha −1 in 2007 and from 5.2 to 11.2 Mg ha −1 in 2008, while EONR was between 73 and 235 kg N ha −1 in 2007 and from 48 to 200 kg N ha −1 in 2008. Correlation and principal component analysis showed that dissolved nitrogen (DNc) and dissolved carbon (DOCc) extracted with cold water and pre‐sidedress nitrate analyzed using nitrate test strips (PSNTts) were significantly and negatively related to EONR. In both years, PSNTts was consistently related to EONR, and CHU with EOY. While it remains challenging to predict EONR due to site‐specific variability and fluctuations in growing conditions, the PSNTts test shows promise in predicting the EONR for corn production in Québec.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-1962 , 1435-0645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/agronj2009.0458
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471598-3
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  • 6
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    The Benefits of Legume Crops on Corn and Wheat Yield, Nitrogen Nutrition, and Soil Properties Improvement
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Agronomy Journal Vol. 107, No. 5 ( 2015-09), p. 1653-1665
    Details
    In: Agronomy Journal, Wiley, Vol. 107, No. 5 ( 2015-09), p. 1653-1665
    Abstract: Legume crops leave N‐rich residues and improve soil properties that can boost the yield of subsequent crops. This study conducted at two sites in Québec, eastern Canada, identified the most appropriate preceding legume crops for subsequent corn ( Zea mays L.) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield and N nutrition. Legumes were established in 2011, in monoculture or mixed with grain crops, for a total of 13 treatments: common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.), soybean ( Glycine max L.), dry pea ( Pisum sativum L.), hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth), alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), and crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.), hairy vetch/wheat, crimson clover/wheat, field pea/wheat, alfalfa/corn, hairy vetch/corn, crimson clover/corn) and a non‐N fixing crop (corn) as the control. In 2012, each plot was split and five N fertilizer rates applied to corn and wheat. Four legume systems (alfalfa, hairy vetch, crimson clover, and hairy vetch/wheat) significantly increased the soil structure stability, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities at warmer St‐Mathieu‐de‐Beloeil location but not at the cooler St‐Lambert‐de‐Lauzon site. These legumes also significantly increased yields and N nutrition of corn and wheat at St Mathieu‐de‐Beloeil and of wheat only at St‐Lambert‐de‐Lauzon. Although legume N credit was found low (∼30 kg N ha −1 ), the N fertilizer replacement value was 51 to 77 kg N ha −1 for corn and up to 37 kg N ha −1 for wheat, depending on the preceding legume crop. This suggests that indirect effects related to improved soil properties impacted positively corn and wheat yield and N nutrition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-1962 , 1435-0645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/agronj14.0416
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471598-3
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  • 7
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    Manure and Paper Mill Sludge Application Effects on Potato Yield, Nitrogen Efficiency and Disease Incidence
    MDPI AG ; 2013
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2013-01-15), p. 43-58
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2013-01-15), p. 43-58
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy3010043
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 8
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    Variations in Corn Yield and Nitrogen Uptake in Relation to Soil Attributes and Nitrogen Availability Indices
    Wiley ; 2009
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 73, No. 1 ( 2009-01), p. 317-327
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 73, No. 1 ( 2009-01), p. 317-327
    Abstract: Identification of soil attributes most determinant to crop yield is still a matter of debate. The main objective of the present study was to relate the variations in corn ( Zea mays L.) yield and N uptake to 16 soil attributes. Samples were collected in 2005 and 2006 from a long‐term experiment. Soil organic C (SOC), total N (TN), potential mineralizable N (PMN), NO 3 extractable with KCl (NO 3 –KCl) and CaCl 2 (NO 3 –CaCl 2 ), NO 3 adsorbed on anion exchange membranes (NO 3 –AEM), N extracted with NaHCO 3 read at 205 nm (N‐NaHCO 3 −205) and 220 nm (N‐NaHCO 3 −220), N present in fulvic acid (FA‐N), humic acid (HA‐N) and non‐humified fractions (NHF‐N), mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWD), total, macro‐ and microporosity, and bulk density (D b ) were measured. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted with the measured soil attributes, and the principal components (PCs) were used in a stepwise regression with corn yield and N uptake. In both years, a maximum of 88% of the total variance was explained. The stepwise regression analysis indicated that the first two PCs explained 78 to 91% of the variability in corn yield and N uptake. Based on the PCA, TN, HA‐N, NO 3 –KCl, NO 3 –CaCl 2, NO 3 –AEM, and PMN appeared as primary indicators of corn yield and N uptake, whereas MWD, FA‐N, and NHF‐N appeared as secondary indicators. When the variability in corn yield and N uptake explained by each N availability index was assessed, NO 3 –KCl and NO 3 –CaCl 2 appeared as the best predictors of corn yield because of their ease of measurement and reliability across years.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2007.0374
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
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  • 9
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    Mixed Paper Mill Sludge Effects on Corn Yield, Nitrogen Efficiency, and Soil Properties
    Wiley ; 2006
    In:  Agronomy Journal Vol. 98, No. 6 ( 2006-11), p. 1471-1478
    Details
    In: Agronomy Journal, Wiley, Vol. 98, No. 6 ( 2006-11), p. 1471-1478
    Abstract: Large quantities of mixed paper mill sludges (PMS) are applied annually to agricultural soils in North America. However, little information exists in the literature delineating the impact of land application of PMS on crop N nutrition and soil properties. In a 3‐yr field study, (1997–1999), we evaluated PMS effects on corn ( Zea mays L.) yields and soil property changes. The study included annual and biennial PMS applications of 20, 40, and 60 Mg ha −1 on wet basis, applied alone or in combination with N fertilizer at reduced rates (90 and 135 kg N ha −1 for 40 and 20 Mg PMS ha −1 , respectively), complete N fertilizer for corn (180 kg N ha −1 ) and a control. Plots were split beginning with the second year for annual and biennial PMS and N fertilizer application. Annual or biennial applications of PMS alone resulted in grain yield increase of 1500 to 3000 kg ha −1 as compared to the unfertilized control. The applications of 20 to 40 Mg ha −1 . PMS with N fertilizer at reduced rates (135 and 90 kg ha −1 respectively) achieved higher corn yields compared to PMS applied alone. The PMS applications combined with N fertilizer at reduced rates produced highest corn yields, similar to those obtained with complete N fertilization for corn (180 kg N ha −1 ). Corn apparent N recoveries (ANR) ranged from 17 to 21% in year of application and from 15 to 22% in residual year, depending of PMS rates. Three PMS applications at 40 to 60 Mg ha −1 yr −1 significantly increased the soil C content by 22 and 26%, and by 18 and 22%, compared to the control and N fertilizer, respectively. Those PMS applications also significantly increased the mean‐weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates, and reduced soil bulk density as compared to the control and fertilizer alone treatment. The soil microbial biomass C and the alkaline phosphatase and urease activities were also increased in soils that received PMS. Our results suggest that the applications of PMS with low C/N (19–24) benefit corn growth possibly due to a combination of the higher nutrient availability and the improvement of the soil properties.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-1962 , 1435-0645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/agronj2005.0339
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471598-3
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  • 10
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    Fresh and Composted Paper Sludges Sustain Soil Productivity
    Hindawi Limited ; 2010
    In:  International Journal of Agronomy Vol. 2010 ( 2010), p. 1-10
    Details
    In: International Journal of Agronomy, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2010 ( 2010), p. 1-10
    Abstract: In this 5-yr study, application frequency of fresh (FDS) and composted (CDS) paper sludges was evaluated on soil properties and silage corn ( Zea mays L.) and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) yields and N uptake by comparing one application (2000) with repeated applications (2000, 2001, 2002). Treatments consisted of a control with neither amendment nor N fertilizer, a recommended N rate for corn (160 kg N ha −1 ) and barley (90 kg N ha −1 ), and FDS and CDS at a rate of 40 Mg ha −1 on wet basis with or without reduced N fertilizer (120 kg N ha −1 ) on corn. Compared to the control, the FDS or CDS applications significantly increased the proportions of soil larger macroaggregates ( 〉 2 mm) and the mean-weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates, regardless their application frequency. Single or three yrs additions of FDS or CDS produced, on average, an increase of 25 to 31% of the soil C and N contents compared to the control and the recommended N fertilizer treatment (160 kg N ha −1 ). In the first year of their application, the FDS or CDS with or without supplemental N fertilizer (120 kg N ha −1 ) reduced silage corn and N uptake, compared to the control probably due to N immobilization. However, silage corn yields were increased in the following years with one application or with repeated application of FDS or CDS. Results show that benefits on soil properties and crop yields of single application of FDS and CDS were similar to those of the triple applications and were still noticeable a few years following the last application.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-8159 , 1687-8167
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2010/132080
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2548961-6
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