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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Correction to “The long‐lived mollusc Arctica islandica : A new paleoceanographic tool for the reconstruction of bottom temperatures for the continental shelves of the northern North Atlantic Ocean” by Christopher R. Weidman, Glenn A. Jones, and Kyger C. Lohmann
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1994
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 99, No. C11 ( 1994-11-15), p. 22753-22753
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 99, No. C11 ( 1994-11-15), p. 22753-22753
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/94JC02589
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1994
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Composition of the early Oligocene ocean from coral stable isotope and elemental chemistry
    Wiley ; 2004
    In:  Geobiology Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 2004-04), p. 97-106
    Details
    In: Geobiology, Wiley, Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 2004-04), p. 97-106
    Abstract: A sectioned and polished specimen of the coral Archohelia vicksburgensis from the early Oligocene Byram Formation (∼30 Ma) near Vicksburg, Mississippi, reveals 12 prominent annual growth bands. Stable oxygen isotopic compositions of 77 growth‐band‐parallel microsamples of original aragonite exhibit well‐constrained fluctuations that range between −2.0 and −4.8. Variation in δ 18 O of coral carbonate reflects seasonal variation in temperature ranging from 12 to 24 °C about a mean of 18 °C. These values are consistent with those derived from a bivalve and a fish otolith from the same unit, each using independently derived palaeotemperature equations. Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios were determined for 40 additional samples spanning five of the 12 annual bands. Palaeotemperatures calculated using elemental‐ratio thermometers calibrated on modern corals are consistently lower; mean temperature from Mg/Ca ratios are 12.5 ± 1 °C while those from Sr/Ca are 5.8 ± 2.2 °C. Assuming that δ 18 O‐derived temperatures are correct, relationships between temperature and elemental ratio for corals growing in today's ocean can be used to estimate Oligocene palaeoseawater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios. Calculations indicate that early Oligocene seawater Mg/Ca was ∼81% (4.2 mol mol −1 ) and Sr/Ca ∼109% (9.9 mmol mol −1 ) of modern values. Oligocene seawater with this degree of Mg depletion and Sr enrichment is in good agreement with that expected during the Palaeogene transition from ‘calcite’ to ‘aragonite’ seas. Lower Oligocene Mg/Ca probably reflects a decrease toward the present day in sea‐floor hydrothermal activity and concomitant decrease in scavenging of magnesium from seawater. Elevated Sr/Ca ratio may record lesser amounts of Oligocene aragonite precipitation and a correspondingly lower flux of strontium into the sedimentary carbonate reservoir than today.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1472-4677 , 1472-4669
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gbi.2004.2.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4677.2004.00025.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2004
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Abrupt Climate Change and Transient Climates during the Paleogene: A Marine Perspective
    University of Chicago Press ; 1993
    In:  The Journal of Geology Vol. 101, No. 2 ( 1993-03), p. 191-213
    Details
    In: The Journal of Geology, University of Chicago Press, Vol. 101, No. 2 ( 1993-03), p. 191-213
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1376 , 1537-5269
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1086/648216
    RVK:
    TE 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: University of Chicago Press
    Publication Date: 1993
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diagenetic incorporation of Sr into aragonitic bivalve shells: implications for chronostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental interpretations
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  The Depositional Record Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2015-06), p. 38-52
    Details
    In: The Depositional Record, Wiley, Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2015-06), p. 38-52
    Abstract: Aragonite is easily altered during diagenesis, therefore presumed pristine when present. In effect, beyond polymorphic transformation to calcite, alteration paths of aragonite remain poorly understood despite heavy reliance on such material to produce palaeoenvironmental and chronostratigraphic interpretations. Previous work on core material from Southern McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, showed that unlike their calcitic counterparts, seemingly unaltered aragonite shell fragments invariably produced older than expected 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ages. In this study, we pursued additional analyses of these aragonite shells and of the porewater of the core to understand this discrepancy. Aragonite mineralogy was reconfirmed and elemental mapping of shell fragments revealed growth lines within the middle layer suggestive of good preservation. The outer layer, however, showed anomalously high Sr concentrations (average 4·5 ± 0·6 mole% Sr CO 3 ; ca 25 mmol mol −1 Sr/Ca) and was depleted in 18 O and 13 C compared to the middle layer, both features inconsistent with pristine material. The δ 18 O values and Sr concentrations of the porewater were used to model outer layer compositions reasonably well. Coincidentally, porewater Sr isotope composition was in general agreement with the age model of the core only at the aragonite‐bearing interval suggesting that Sr‐isotopic disequilibrium between porewater and the carbonates was the rule rather than the exception in the core. The Sr isotope compositions of the aragonite shells are most likely the result of early diagenesis as suggested by the inconsistent O and C isotope compositions between shell layers and the anomalously high Sr concentrations. We conclude that knowledge of Sr concentration and distribution in shells is critical to determine the viability of Sr stratigraphy and the scale at which it may be applied. Reliance on traditional indicators of lack of alteration, such as cathodoluminescence, Mn‐Fe concentration, and the presence of labile mineralogies to assert chronostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental questions may produce erroneous conclusions due to obscurely altered material.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2055-4877 , 2055-4877
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/dep2.3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ground preparation and zinc mineralization in bedded and breccia ores of the Monte Cristo Mine, North Arkansas
    Society of Economic Geologists, Inc. ; 1986
    In:  Economic Geology Vol. 81, No. 4 ( 1986-07-01), p. 809-830
    Details
    In: Economic Geology, Society of Economic Geologists, Inc., Vol. 81, No. 4 ( 1986-07-01), p. 809-830
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1554-0774 , 0361-0128
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2113/gsecongeo.81.4.809
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.
    Publication Date: 1986
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chronostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental constraints derived from the 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O signal of Miocene bivalves, Southern McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
    Elsevier BV ; 2009
    In:  Global and Planetary Change Vol. 69, No. 3 ( 2009-11), p. 124-132
    Details
    In: Global and Planetary Change, Elsevier BV, Vol. 69, No. 3 ( 2009-11), p. 124-132
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0921-8181
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.05.001
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2009
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    SSG: 14
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evolution of Early Cenozoic marine temperatures
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1994
    In:  Paleoceanography Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 1994-04), p. 353-387
    Details
    In: Paleoceanography, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 1994-04), p. 353-387
    Abstract: The equator to high southern latitude sea surface and vertical temperature gradients are reconstructed from oxygen isotope values of planktonic and benthic foraminifers for the following five time intervals: late Paleocene, early Eocene, early middle Eocene, late Eocene, and early Oligocene. Paleotemperatures are calculated using standard oxygen isotope/temperature equations with adjustments to account for (1) variations in sea water δ 18 O related to changes in global ice volume over time and (2) latitudinal gradients in surface water δ 18 O. These reconstructions indicate that sea‐surface temperatures (SST) of the Southern Oceans in the early Eocene were as high as 15°C, whereas temperatures during the late Paleocene and early middle Eocene reached maximum levels of 10°–12°C. By the late Eocene and early Oligocene high latitude SST had declined to 6 and 4°C, respectively. For most of the early Paleogene, low latitude sub‐tropical temperatures remained constant and well within the range of Holocene temperatures (24°ndash;25°C) but by the late Eocene and early Oligocene declined to values in the range of 18° to 22°C. The late Paleogene apparent decline in tropical temperatures, however, might be artificial because of dissolution of near‐surface foraminifera tests which biased sediment assemblages toward deeper‐dwelling foraminifera. Moreover, according to recent plate reconstructions, it appears that the majority of sites upon which the late Eocene and early Oligocene tropical temperatures were previously established were located either in or near regions likely to have been influenced by upwelling. Global deepwater temperature on average paralleled southern ocean SST for most of the Paleogene. We speculate based on the overall timing and character of marine sea surface temperature variation during the Paleogene that some combination of both higher levels of greenhouse gases and increased heat transport was responsible for the exceptional high‐latitude warmth of the early Eocene.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0883-8305 , 1944-9186
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/93PA03266
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1994
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Late Paleocene to Eocene paleoceanography of the equatorial Pacific Ocean: Stable isotopes recorded at Ocean Drilling Program Site 865, Allison Guyot
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1995
    In:  Paleoceanography Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 1995-08), p. 841-865
    Details
    In: Paleoceanography, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 1995-08), p. 841-865
    Abstract: An expanded and largely complete upper Paleocene to upper Eocene section was recovered from the pelagic cap overlying Allison Guyot, Mid‐Pacific Mountains at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 865 (18°26′N, 179°33′W; paleodepth 1300–1500 m). Reconstructions show that the site was within a few degrees of the equator during the Paleogene. Because no other Paleogene sections have been recovered in the Pacific Ocean at such a low latitude, Site 865 provides a unique record of equatorial Pacific paleoceanography. Detailed stable isotopic investigations were conducted on three planktonic foraminiferal taxa (species of Acarinina, Morozovella , and Subbotina ). We studied benthic foraminiferal isotopes at much lower resolution on species of Cibicidoides and Lenticulina, Nuttallides truempyi and Gavelinella beccariiformis , because of their exceptional rarity. The δ 18 O and δ 13 C stratigraphies from Site 865 are generally similar to those derived from other Paleocene and Eocene sections. The planktonic foraminiferal records at Site 865, however, include significantly less short‐term, single‐sample variability than those from higher‐latitude sites, indicating that this tropical, oligotrophic location had a comparatively stable water column structure with a deep mixed layer and less seasonal variability. Low‐amplitude (0.1–0.8‰) oscillations on timescales of 250,000 to 300,000 years correlate between the δ 13 C records of all planktonic taxa and may represent fluctuations in the mixing intensity of surface waters. Peak sea surface temperatures of 24°–25°C occurred in the earliest Eocene, followed by a rapid cooling of 3–6°C in the late early Eocene. Temperatures remained cool and stable through the middle Eocene. In the late Eocene, surface water temperatures decreased further. Vertical temperature gradients decreased dramatically in the late Paleocene and were relatively constant through much of the Eocene but increased markedly in the late Eocene. Intermediate waters warmed through the late Paleocene, reaching a maximum temperature of 10°C in the early Eocene. Cooling in the middle and late Eocene paralleled that of surface waters, with latest Eocene temperatures below 5°C. Extinction patterns of benthic foraminifera in the latest Paleocene were similar to those observed at other Pacific sites and were coeval with a short‐term, very rapid negative excursion in δ 13 C values in planktonic and benthic taxa as at other sites. During this excursion, benthic foraminiferal δ 18 O values decreased markedly, indicating warming of 4 to 6°C for tropical intermediate waters, while planktonic taxa show slight warming (1°C) followed by 2°C of cooling. Convergence of δ 18 O values of planktonic and benthic foraminifera suggests that thermal gradients in the water column in this tropical location collapsed during the excursion. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that equatorial Pacific surface waters were a potential source of warm, higher salinity waters which filled portions of the deep ocean in the latest Paleocene. Oxygen isotopic data indicate that equator to high southern latitude sea surface thermal gradients decreased to as little as 4°C at the peak of the excursion, suggesting some fundamental change in global heat transport.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0883-8305 , 1944-9186
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/95PA01143
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1995
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Cooler winters as a possible cause of mass extinctions at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2000
    In:  Nature Vol. 407, No. 6806 ( 2000-10), p. 887-890
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 407, No. 6806 ( 2000-10), p. 887-890
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/35038044
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2000
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    SSG: 11
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  • 10
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    Glacial Meltwater in Lake Huron during Early Postglacial Time as Inferred from Single-Valve Analysis of Oxygen Isotopes in Ostracodes
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1995
    In:  Quaternary Research Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 1995-05), p. 297-310
    Details
    In: Quaternary Research, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 1995-05), p. 297-310
    Abstract: δ 18 O measurements of benthic ostracodes are used to reconstruct the δ 18 O history of Lake Huron and Georgian Bay water between 10,600 and 7600 14 C yr B.P. This δ 18 O record was calibrated using a comparison of the δ 18 O values of modern ostracodes and Lake Huron water, where a fractionation of 1.0358 was measured between the oxygen isotope ratios of the most isotopically positive ostracode Candona subtriangulata and lake water. The most positive shell δ 18 O value was used because it is precipitated in the cold (0° to 2°C) water common to both deep and shallow environments. The δ 18 O of Lake Huron water reflects a large glacial meltwater component for much of its history before 7600 14 C yr B.P. Times of low lake level correlate with the highest ratio of glacial meltwater to local precipitation in the basin (most negative δ 18 O values). Georgian Bay water was more negative in δ 18 O than Lake Huron water of the same age; this reflects a higher proportion of glacial meltwater in Georgian Bay and its separation from Lake Huron during times of low lake level.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-5894 , 1096-0287
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1006/qres.1995.1036
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471589-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 205711-6
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 14
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