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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    A high-resolution Late Glacial to Holocene record of environmental change in the Mediterranean from Lake Ohrid (Macedonia/Albania)
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2015
    In:  International Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 104, No. 6 ( 2015-09), p. 1623-1638
    Details
    In: International Journal of Earth Sciences, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 104, No. 6 ( 2015-09), p. 1623-1638
    Abstract: Lake Ohrid (Macedonia/Albania) is the oldest extant lake in Europe and exhibits an outstanding degree of endemic biodiversity. Here, we provide new high-resolution stable isotope and geochemical data from a 10 m core (Co1262) through the Late Glacial to Holocene and discuss past climate and lake hydrology (TIC, δ 13 C calcite , δ 18 O calcite ) as well as the terrestrial and aquatic vegetation response to climate (TOC, TOC/N, δ 13 C organic , Rock Eval pyrolysis). The data identifies 3 main zones: (1) the Late Glacial–Holocene transition represented by low TIC and TOC contents, (2) the early to mid-Holocene characterised by high TOC and increasing TOC/N and (3) the Late Holocene–Present which shows a marked decrease in TIC and TOC. In general, an overall trend of increasing δ 18 O calcite from 9 ka to present suggests progressive aridification through the Holocene, consistent with previous records from Lake Ohrid and the wider Mediterranean region. Several proxies show commensurate excursions that imply the impact of short-term climate oscillations, such as the 8.2 ka event and the Little Ice Age. This is the best-dated and highest resolution archive of past Late Glacial and Holocene climate from Lake Ohrid and confirms the overriding influence of the North Atlantic in the north-eastern Mediterranean. The data presented set the context for the International Continental scientific Drilling Program Scientific Collaboration On Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid project cores recovered in spring–summer 2013, potentially dating back into the Lower Pleistocene, and will act as a recent calibration to reconstruct climate and hydrology over the entire lake history.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1437-3254 , 1437-3262
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00531-014-1033-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 2
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    Assessing human impact on Rostherne Mere, UK, using the geochemistry of organic matter
    Elsevier BV ; 2018
    In:  Anthropocene Vol. 21 ( 2018-03), p. 52-65
    Details
    In: Anthropocene, Elsevier BV, Vol. 21 ( 2018-03), p. 52-65
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2213-3054
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2018.02.002
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2712850-7
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  • 3
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    Tourmaline Reference Materials for the In Situ Analysis of Oxygen and Lithium Isotope Ratio Compositions
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research Vol. 45, No. 1 ( 2021-03), p. 97-119
    Details
    In: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, Wiley, Vol. 45, No. 1 ( 2021-03), p. 97-119
    Abstract: Three tourmaline reference materials sourced from the Harvard Mineralogical and Geological Museum (schorl 112566, dravite 108796 and elbaite 98144), which are already widely used for the calibration of in situ boron isotope measurements, are characterised here for their oxygen and lithium isotope compositions. Homogeneity tests by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) showed that at sub‐nanogram test portion masses, their 18 O/ 16 O and 7 Li/ 6 Li isotope ratios are constant within ± 0.27‰ and ± 2.2‰ (1 s ), respectively. The lithium mass fractions of the three materials vary over three orders of magnitude. SIMS homogeneity tests showed variations in 7 Li/ 28 Si between 8% and 14% (1 s ), which provides a measure of the heterogeneity of the Li contents in these three materials. Here, we provide recommended values for δ 18 O, Δ’ 17 O and δ 7 Li for the three Harvard tourmaline reference materials based on results from bulk mineral analyses from multiple, independent laboratories using laser‐ and stepwise fluorination gas mass spectrometry (for O), and solution multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectroscopy (for Li). These bulk data also allow us to assess the degree of inter‐laboratory bias that might be present in such data sets. This work also re‐evaluates the major element chemical composition of the materials by electron probe microanalysis and investigates these presence of a chemical matrix effect on SIMS instrumental mass fractionation with regard to δ 18 O determinations, which was found to be 〈  1.6‰ between these three materials. The final table presented here provides a summary of the isotope ratio values that we have determined for these three materials. Depending on their starting mass, either 128 or 512 splits have been produced of each material, assuring their availability for many years into the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1639-4488 , 1751-908X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ggr.v45.1
    DOI: 10.1111/ggr.12362
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2134777-3
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  • 4
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    The geodynamic and limnological evolution of Balkan Lake Ohrid, possibly the oldest extant lake in Europe
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Boreas Vol. 52, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 1-26
    Details
    In: Boreas, Wiley, Vol. 52, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 1-26
    Abstract: Studies of the upper 447 m of the DEEP site sediment succession from central Lake Ohrid, Balkan Peninsula, North Macedonia and Albania provided important insights into the regional climate history and evolutionary dynamics since permanent lacustrine conditions established at 1.36 million years ago (Ma). This paper focuses on the entire 584‐m‐long DEEP sediment succession and a comparison to a 197‐m‐long sediment succession from the Pestani site ~5 km to the east in the lake, where drilling ended close to the bedrock, to unravel the earliest history of Lake Ohrid and its basin development. 26 Al/ 10 Be dating of clasts from the base of the DEEP sediment succession implies that the sedimentation in the modern basin started at c . 2 Ma. Geophysical, sedimentological and micropalaeontological data allow for chronological information to be transposed from the DEEP to the Pestani succession. Fluvial conditions, slack water conditions, peat formation and/or complete desiccation prevailed at the DEEP and Pestani sites until 1.36 and 1.21 Ma, respectively, before a larger lake extended over both sites. Activation of karst aquifers to the east probably by tectonic activity and a potential existence of neighbouring Lake Prespa supported filling of Lake Ohrid. The lake deepened gradually, with a relatively constant vertical displacement rate of ~0.2 mm a −1 between the central and the eastern lateral basin and with greater water depth presumably during interglacial periods. Although the dynamic environment characterized by local processes and the fragmentary chronology of the basal sediment successions from both sites hamper palaeoclimatic significance prior to the existence of a larger lake, the new data provide an unprecedented and detailed picture of the geodynamic evolution of the basin and lake that is Europe’s presumed oldest extant freshwater lake.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0300-9483 , 1502-3885
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bor.v52.1
    DOI: 10.1111/bor.12601
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 5
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    The environmental and evolutionary history of Lake Ohrid (FYROM/Albania): interim results from the SCOPSCO deep drilling project
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2017
    In:  Biogeosciences Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2017-04-20), p. 2033-2054
    Details
    In: Biogeosciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2017-04-20), p. 2033-2054
    Abstract: Abstract. This study reviews and synthesises existing information generated within the SCOPSCO (Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid) deep drilling project. The four main aims of the project are to infer (i) the age and origin of Lake Ohrid (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia/Republic of Albania), (ii) its regional seismotectonic history, (iii) volcanic activity and climate change in the central northern Mediterranean region, and (iv) the influence of major geological events on the evolution of its endemic species. The Ohrid basin formed by transtension during the Miocene, opened during the Pliocene and Pleistocene, and the lake established de novo in the still relatively narrow valley between 1.9 and 1.3 Ma. The lake history is recorded in a 584 m long sediment sequence, which was recovered within the framework of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) from the central part (DEEP site) of the lake in spring 2013. To date, 54 tephra and cryptotephra horizons have been found in the upper 460 m of this sequence. Tephrochronology and tuning biogeochemical proxy data to orbital parameters revealed that the upper 247.8 m represent the last 637 kyr. The multi-proxy data set covering these 637 kyr indicates long-term variability. Some proxies show a change from generally cooler and wetter to drier and warmer glacial and interglacial periods around 300 ka. Short-term environmental change caused, for example, by tephra deposition or the climatic impact of millennial-scale Dansgaard–Oeschger and Heinrich events are superimposed on the long-term trends. Evolutionary studies on the extant fauna indicate that Lake Ohrid was not a refugial area for regional freshwater animals. This differs from the surrounding catchment, where the mountainous setting with relatively high water availability provided a refuge for temperate and montane trees during the relatively cold and dry glacial periods. Although Lake Ohrid experienced significant environmental change over the last 637 kyr, preliminary molecular data from extant microgastropod species do not indicate significant changes in diversification rate during this period. The reasons for this constant rate remain largely unknown, but a possible lack of environmentally induced extinction events in Lake Ohrid and/or the high resilience of the ecosystems may have played a role.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-14-2033-2017
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2158181-2
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  • 6
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    Quaternary climate change and Heinrich events in the southern Balkans: Lake Prespa diatom palaeolimnology from the last interglacial to present
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Paleolimnology Vol. 53, No. 2 ( 2015-2), p. 215-231
    Details
    In: Journal of Paleolimnology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 53, No. 2 ( 2015-2), p. 215-231
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0921-2728 , 1573-0417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10933-014-9821-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478181-5
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  • 7
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    Western Mediterranean climate and environment since Marine Isotope Stage 3: a 50,000-year record from Lake Banyoles, Spain
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Paleolimnology Vol. 55, No. 2 ( 2016-2), p. 113-128
    Details
    In: Journal of Paleolimnology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 55, No. 2 ( 2016-2), p. 113-128
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0921-2728 , 1573-0417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10933-015-9868-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 8
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    Urbanization and seasonality strengthens the CO 2 capacity of the Red River Delta, Vietnam
    IOP Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Environmental Research Letters Vol. 17, No. 10 ( 2022-10-01), p. 104052-
    Details
    In: Environmental Research Letters, IOP Publishing, Vol. 17, No. 10 ( 2022-10-01), p. 104052-
    Abstract: Tropical rivers are dynamic CO 2 sources. Regional patterns in the partial pressure of CO 2 ( p CO 2 ) and relationships with other a/biotic factors in densely populated and rapidly developing river delta regions of Southeast Asia are still poorly constrained. Over one year, at 21 sites across the river system in the Red River Delta (RRD), Vietnam, we calculated p CO 2 levels from temperature, pH, and total alkalinity and inter-linkages between p CO 2 and phytoplankton, water chemistry and seasonality were then assessed. The smaller, more urbanized, and polluted Day River had an annual median p CO 2 of 5000 ± 3300 µ atm and the larger Red River of 2675 ± 2271 µ atm. p CO 2 was 1.6 and 3.2 times higher during the dry season in the Day and Red rivers respectively than the rainy season. Elevated p CO 2 levels in the Day River during the dry season were also 2.4-fold higher than the median value (2811 ±  3577 µ atm) of calculated and direct p CO 2 measurements in 〉 20 sub/tropical rivers. By further categorizing the river data into Hanoi City vs. other less urban-populated provinces, we found significantly higher nutrients, organic matter content, and riverine cyanobacteria during the dry season in the Day River across Hanoi City. Forward selection also identified riverine cyanobacteria and river discharge as the main predictors explaining p CO 2 variation in the RRD. After accounting for the shared effects (14%), river discharge alone significantly explained 12% of the p CO 2 variation, cyanobacteria uniquely a further 21%, while 53% of the p CO 2 variance was unexplained by either. We show that the urbanization of rivers deltas could result in increased sources of riverine p CO 2 , water pollution, and harmful cyanobacterial blooms. Such risks could be mitigated through water management to increase water flows in problem areas during the dry season.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1748-9326
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac9705
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2255379-4
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  • 9
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    Deep drilling reveals massive shifts in evolutionary dynamics after formation of ancient ecosystem
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2020
    In:  Science Advances Vol. 6, No. 40 ( 2020-10-02)
    Details
    In: Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 6, No. 40 ( 2020-10-02)
    Abstract: The scarcity of high-resolution empirical data directly tracking diversity over time limits our understanding of speciation and extinction dynamics and the drivers of rate changes. Here, we analyze a continuous species-level fossil record of endemic diatoms from ancient Lake Ohrid, along with environmental and climate indicator time series since lake formation 1.36 million years (Ma) ago. We show that speciation and extinction rates nearly simultaneously decreased in the environmentally dynamic phase after ecosystem formation and stabilized after deep-water conditions established in Lake Ohrid. As the lake deepens, we also see a switch in the macroevolutionary trade-off, resulting in a transition from a volatile assemblage of short-lived endemic species to a stable community of long-lived species. Our results emphasize the importance of the interplay between environmental/climate change, ecosystem stability, and environmental limits to diversity for diversification processes. The study also provides a new understanding of evolutionary dynamics in long-lived ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2375-2548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb2943
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2810933-8
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  • 10
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    Coupled impacts of sea ice variability and North Pacific atmospheric circulation on Holocene hydroclimate in Arctic Alaska
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2020
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 117, No. 52 ( 2020-12-29), p. 33034-33042
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 117, No. 52 ( 2020-12-29), p. 33034-33042
    Abstract: Arctic Alaska lies at a climatological crossroads between the Arctic and North Pacific Oceans. The modern hydroclimate of the region is responding to rapidly diminishing sea ice, driven in part by changes in heat flux from the North Pacific. Paleoclimate reconstructions have improved our knowledge of Alaska’s hydroclimate, but no studies have examined Holocene sea ice, moisture, and ocean−atmosphere circulation in Arctic Alaska, limiting our understanding of the relationship between these phenomena in the past. Here we present a sedimentary diatom assemblage and diatom isotope dataset from Schrader Pond, located ∼80 km from the Arctic Ocean, which we interpret alongside synthesized regional records of Holocene hydroclimate and sea ice reduction scenarios modeled by the Hadley Centre Coupled Model Version 3 (HadCM3). The paleodata synthesis and model simulations suggest the Early and Middle Holocene in Arctic Alaska were characterized by less sea ice, a greater contribution of isotopically heavy Arctic-derived moisture, and wetter climate. In the Late Holocene, sea ice expanded and regional climate became drier. This climatic transition is coincident with a documented shift in North Pacific circulation involving the Aleutian Low at ∼4 ka, suggesting a Holocene teleconnection between the North Pacific and Arctic. The HadCM3 simulations reveal that reduced sea ice leads to a strengthened Aleutian Low shifted west, potentially increasing transport of warm North Pacific water to the Arctic through the Bering Strait. Our findings demonstrate the interconnectedness of the Arctic and North Pacific on multimillennial timescales, and are consistent with future projections of less sea ice and more precipitation in Arctic Alaska.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016544117
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
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