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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Detergent Use Practices in Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey
    Sciencedomain International ; 2020
    In:  Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ( 2020-12-04), p. 111-118
    Details
    In: Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Sciencedomain International, ( 2020-12-04), p. 111-118
    Abstract: Every year the use of detergent is increasing and safety concerns about detergent are also increasing. However, in developing countries safety concerns about detergent is still a neglected topic. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of the general public towards the use of detergent. An online-based cross-sectional study was performed via sharing self-developed online KAP questionnaires and filled out by participants. The basic knowledge about detergent, its safety concern, and other related questions were used for the KAP assessments. A total of 510 participants took part in this study. The participants had mixed responses to the questions such as; [1]  the majority were using powder detergent (87.45%); [2] perceptions about detergent (an agent for cleansing clothes (48.04%), a chemical agent (39.02%)); [3] t he purpose of using detergent (to remove dirt (48.04%), for easiness of cleaning (45.1%)); [4] the cost of detergent (affordable (80%), expensive (10.98%)); [5] the selection of detergent (based on previous satisfaction (60.98%), brand name (19.02%));  [6] cause of not using particular brand detergent next time is (poor quality (75.1%), expensive (18.04%)); [7] mostly used brands (Wheel (35.69%), Ghadi (16.08%) and Patanjali (7.06%)); [8] safety concerns (only 8.82% used gloves during using detergent and only 50% realized the detergent can harm their skin, 67.84% have awareness that the detergent contaminates the environment, 10% experienced dryness of skin, 0.98% redness/allergy)); [9] 77.06% don’t have a washing machine; [10] soaking practice (21.37% start washing immediately after the addition of detergent, only 32.16% soak clothes for 20 to 60 minutes)); [11] waste water management (80.4% throw the detergent waste water to the normal sewage, 19.6% throw separately); [12] 37.45% always use soap along with powder detergent while washing clothes; [13] detergent stability problem (absorb moisture and get wet easily (64.31%) color change (16.08%) and dryness (10.78%)); [14] 28.63% prefer colorful detergent and 42.94% observed the color transfer from detergent to clothes; only 37.45% have experience of using herbal detergent; [15] laundry detergent also used for other purposes (wash dishes (19.61%), to wash hands (5.49%) and even body washing (1.76%)); [16] 19.61% of the participants’ mothers wash their clothes; [17] the majority of the participants realized the dirtiness of country people is due to poverty (58.04%). This study shows moderate awareness regarding the KAP of detergent use, management, and toxicity. Therefore, it can be derived that continuous education is needed about detergent.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2457-1024
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i3631079
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Sciencedomain International
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mechanistic insight to ROS and Apoptosis regulated cytotoxicity inferred by Green synthesized CuO nanoparticles from Calotropis gigantea to Embryonic Zebrafish
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2017
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2017-11-24)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2017-11-24)
    Abstract: With the rapid development of nanotechnology, much has been anticipated with copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NP) due to their extensive industrial and commercial application. However, it has raised concern over the environmental safety and human health effects. In this study, CuO nanoparticles were synthesized using the green method with floral extract of Calotropis gigantea and characterized by standard physiochemical techniques like DLS, Zeta potential determination, UV- Visible Spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and TEM. Mechanistic cytotoxicity studies were performed using experimental and computational assays including morphological analysis, hatching, and viability rate analysis along with ROS and apoptosis analysis. Physiochemical characterization of CuO NP determined the size and zeta potential of synthesized nanoparticles to be 30 ± 09 nm to 40 ± 2 nm and −38 mV ± 12 mV respectively. Cytotoxicity evaluation with Zebrafish revealed malfunctioned organ development with differential viability and hatching rate at 48 hpf and 72 hpf with LC50 of 175 ± 10 mg/l. Computational analysis depicted the influential role of CuO nanoparticles on zebrafish embryo’s he1a, sod1 and p53 functional expression through hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interaction with amino acid residues. Study demonstrated valuable information of cytotoxic impact which can be influential in further studies of their eco-toxicological effects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16581-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Molecular insight to in vitro biocompatibility of phytofabricated copper oxide nanoparticles with human embryonic kidney cells
    Future Medicine Ltd ; 2018
    In:  Nanomedicine Vol. 13, No. 19 ( 2018-10), p. 2415-2433
    Details
    In: Nanomedicine, Future Medicine Ltd, Vol. 13, No. 19 ( 2018-10), p. 2415-2433
    Abstract: Aim: To investigate the biocompatibility of green synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO Np) using floral extract of Calotropis gigantea in room condition. Materials & methods: Green synthesized and characterized CuO Np was evaluated for their cellular and molecular biocompatibility by experimentally and computational molecular docking. Results: Synthesized CuO NP was found to have a size 32 ± 09 nm with ζ potential -35 ± 12 mV. LC 50 value was found to be 190 μg/ml. In vitro and in silico cytotoxicity analysis with HEK293 cells revealed the cytotoxic effect of CuO Np as consequences of interaction with histidine and arginine amino acid residues of Sod3 and p53 proteins via hydrogen bond of length 3.09 and 3.32 Å leading to oxidative stress ensuing toward apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Conclusion: The outcomes proved the synthesized material as an alternative to the conventional method of synthesizing copper nanoparticles for biomedical and clinical applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1743-5889 , 1748-6963
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0175
    Language: English
    Publisher: Future Medicine Ltd
    Publication Date: 2018
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Personal Hygiene and Sanitary Practices among the School Girls in Dhangadhi, Sudurpashchim Province, Nepal
    Sciencedomain International ; 2021
    In:  Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences ( 2021-05-04), p. 22-33
    Details
    In: Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, Sciencedomain International, ( 2021-05-04), p. 22-33
    Abstract: The inadequate knowledge of personal hygiene and sanitation is directly correlated with the health of an individual, a family, a community, a nation, and the globe as a whole. To know the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of personal hygiene and sanitation among the girl students in Dhangadhi, Nepal; this study was conducted in four different schools and a total of 238 girl students were selected specifically from the grade 5 to 10 following their age range from 11 to 18 years and the data was collected by filling the questionnaires. The average age of menarche is 12-13 years, mother is the major source of information about menstruation (53.8%) followed by sisters (35.3%). Only 20% use commercial sanitary pads and the majority of them use both, i.e. commercial pad as well as old clothes (65.5%), majority of the participants change absorbent 3 times a day (53.6%). 99.2% have their own toilets, 100% use soap water to clean hands, only 64.7% do brushing once a day, 14.3% have oral diseases and 67.6% do not know about oral diseases while 92% have never visited the dentist. Only 16.8% bath every day, 96.2% use nail cutter, 53.8% of the participants cut nail once a week followed by 42% occasionally. Only 21.4% have access to safe drinking water and 78.6% are relying on hand-pump water. Overall, the knowledge about personal hygiene and sanitation is average, but the attitude and practice towards it need to be improved.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2456-4761
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.9734/arjass/2021/v14i130227
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Sciencedomain International
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Health Insurance Program in Social Security in Kailali District, Nepal
    Acta Scientific Publications Pvt. Ltd. ; 2020
    In:  Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 4, No. 3 ( 2020-01-07), p. 01-05
    Details
    In: Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acta Scientific Publications Pvt. Ltd., Vol. 4, No. 3 ( 2020-01-07), p. 01-05
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2581-5423
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.31080/ASPS.2020.04.effect-of-health-insurance-program-in-social-security-in-kailali-district-nepal
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Scientific Publications Pvt. Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The effect of tranexamic acid on blood loss after vaginal delivery and caesarian section
    IP Innovative Publication Pvt Ltd ; 2023
    In:  Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2023-2-28), p. 21-26
    Details
    In: Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research, IP Innovative Publication Pvt Ltd, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2023-2-28), p. 21-26
    Abstract: PPH is most common cause of maternal death, contributing to approximately 35% of maternal death all over the world. WHO (2017) recommended that tranexamic acid should be considered as a standard comprehensive PPH treatment package and must be used in all cases of PPH regardless of the cause of PPH. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intravenous Tranexamic acid (TA) for reduction of postpartum blood loss after vaginal delivery and LSCS and to record any adverse effects following its administration. This study was conducted as a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial on females at high risk of PPH and delivered vaginally or via LSCS at our Institute. All the participants were randomly categorized into two groups study group (tranexamic acid) and control group. The two groups were compared with respect to efficacy (amount of blood loss and incidence of PPH) and safety (vitals and side effects). Mean blood loss from the delivery of placenta to the end of delivery and from end of delivery to 2 hours postpartum was significantly lower in study group as compared to control group (p & #60;0.05). Incidence of PPH was significantly higher in control group (p & #60;0.05). There was no statistically difference in the vital at the time of delivery between two groups (p & #62;0.05). Most common side effect due to tranexamic acid in study group was nausea (16%) followed by vomiting and diarrhea in 9% and 1% respectively. Tranexamic acid is an effective drug that can be used safely for prophylactic management of PPH regardless of its cause. This antifibrinolytic agent significantly reduce blood loss and incidence of PPH irrespective of type of delivery. Though, the drug is associated with minor side effects such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, it was not associated with major complications, thromboembolic phenomenon and maternal or perinatal morbidity and mortality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-2746 , 2394-2754
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18231/j.ijogr.2023.005
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IP Innovative Publication Pvt Ltd
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Study of low amniotic fluid index and its effect on perinatal outcome
    IP Innovative Publication Pvt Ltd ; 2023
    In:  Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2023-5-28), p. 131-136
    Details
    In: Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research, IP Innovative Publication Pvt Ltd, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2023-5-28), p. 131-136
    Abstract: AFI may be an important predictor for deciding timing of delivery and adverse maternal and fetal outcome. Hence, we aimed at determining whether an antepartum low amniotic fluid index (AFI) is a predictor of adverse perinatal outcome in normal pregnancy and to determine a threshold level of AFI that could predict an adverse outcome. This study was conducted as an observational study on a total of 100 antenatal females presenting with term pregnancy at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lord Mahavir Civil Hospital, Ludhiana during study period. Detailed history and clinical examination was done. AFI was assessed with help of USG. The study was conducted on a total of 100 antenatal females. AFI was & #60;5 in 38%. Low AFI was associated with LSCS and negative fern test was statistically significant (p & #60;0.05). We observed a significant association of low AFI with low birth weight, poor APGAR score at 1 as well as 5 minutes and higher risk of NICU admission (p & #60;0.05). The area under the curve and sensitivity as well as specificity at cutoff (4.5) was maximum for NICU admission followed by LSCS (p & #60;0.05). AFI is an important determinant of adverse maternal and fetal outcome. AFI & #60;5 is associated with adverse maternal outcome in the form of higher operative delivery and adverse fetal outcome i.e. low birth weight, meconium stained liquor, low APGAR score and higher NICU admission. Intensive intrapartum care along with fetal surveillance may help in minimizing adverse perinatal outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-2746 , 2394-2754
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18231/j.ijogr.2023.030
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IP Innovative Publication Pvt Ltd
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biostimulation of Anaerobic Digestion Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs) for Increasing Biogas Production from Cattle Manure
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-01-31), p. 497-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-01-31), p. 497-
    Abstract: The effect of synthesised IONPs employing a nontoxic leaf extract of Azadirachta indica as a reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent for increasing biogas and methane output from cattle manure during anaerobic digestion (AD) was investigated in this study. Furthermore, the UV-visible spectra examination of the synthesized nanoparticles revealed a high peak at 432 nm. Using a transmission electron microscope, the average particle size of IONPs observed was 30–80 nm, with irregular, ultra-small, semi-spherical shapes that were slightly aggregated and well-distributed. IONPs had a polydisparity index (PDI) of 219 nm and a zeta potential of −27.0 mV. A set of six bio-digesters were fabricated and tested to see how varying concentrations of IONPs (9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 mg/L) influenced biogas, methane output, and effluent chemical composition from AD at mesophilic temperatures (35 ± 2 °C). With 18 mg/L IONPs, the maximum specific biogas and methane production were 136.74 L/g of volatile solids (VS) and 64.5%, respectively, compared to the control (p 〈 0.05), which provided only 107.09 L/g and 51.4%, respectively. Biogas and methane production increased by 27.6% and 25.4%, respectively using 18 mg/L IONPs as compared to control. In all treatments, the pH of the effluent was increased, while total volatile fatty acids, total solids, volatile solids, organic carbon content, and dehydrogenase activity decreased. Total solid degradation was highest (43.1%) in cattle manure + 18 mg/L IONPs (T5). According to the results, the IONPs enhanced the yield of biogas and methane when compared with controls.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12030497
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Outcome of Pregnancy Complicated by Obstetric Cholestasis
    Akshantala Enterprises Private Limited ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences Vol. 8, No. 48 ( 2019-12-02), p. 3593-3598
    Details
    In: Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, Akshantala Enterprises Private Limited, Vol. 8, No. 48 ( 2019-12-02), p. 3593-3598
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2278-4748 , 2278-4802
    Uniform Title: English
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.14260/jemds
    DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2019/776
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Akshantala Enterprises Private Limited
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Cardiovascular research convergence 2018
    Medknow ; 2018
    In:  Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences Vol. 4, No. 3 ( 2018), p. 171-
    Details
    In: Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences, Medknow, Vol. 4, No. 3 ( 2018), p. 171-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2395-5414
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4103/jpcs.jpcs_70_18
    Language: English
    Publisher: Medknow
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3044851-7
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