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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Permafrost thaw and soil moisture driving CO 2 and CH 4 release from upland tundra
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences Vol. 120, No. 3 ( 2015-03), p. 525-537
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 120, No. 3 ( 2015-03), p. 525-537
    Abstract: Subarctic tundra was experimentally warmed, thawed, and dried More old carbon was respired when soils were thawed and dried Warming and thaw increased methane emission
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-8953 , 2169-8961
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrg.v120.3
    DOI: 10.1002/2014JG002872
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Yellow-cedar: climate change and natural history at odds
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2015-06), p. 280-281
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Wiley, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2015-06), p. 280-281
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1540-9295
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1890/1540-9295-13.5.280
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2161292-4
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  • 3
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    Increased wintertime CO 2 loss as a result of sustained tundra warming
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences Vol. 121, No. 2 ( 2016-02), p. 249-265
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 121, No. 2 ( 2016-02), p. 249-265
    Abstract: Tundra winter CO 2 production is controlled by soil temperature and day of season Warming increased nonsummer season CO 2 loss by 9–36% depending on the method Cumulative winter CO 2 loss varied up to fourfold depending on the method used
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-8953 , 2169-8961
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrg.v121.2
    DOI: 10.1002/2014JG002795
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 4
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    From canopy to seed: Loss of snow drives directional changes in forest composition
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 9, No. 14 ( 2019-07), p. 8157-8174
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 9, No. 14 ( 2019-07), p. 8157-8174
    Abstract: Climate change is altering the conditions for tree recruitment, growth, and survival, and impacting forest community composition. Across southeast Alaska, USA, and British Columbia, Canada, Callitropsis nootkatensis (Alaska yellow‐cedar) is experiencing extensive climate change‐induced canopy mortality due to fine‐root death during soil freezing events following warmer winters and the loss of insulating snowpack. Here, we examine the effects of ongoing, climate‐driven canopy mortality on forest community composition and identify potential shifts in stand trajectories due to the loss of a single canopy species. We sampled canopy and regenerating forest communities across the extent of C. nootkatensis decline in southeast Alaska to quantify the effects of climate, community, and stand‐level drivers on C. nootkatensis canopy mortality and regeneration as well as postdecline regenerating community composition. Across the plot network, C. nootkatensis exhibited significantly higher mortality than co‐occurring conifers across all size classes and locations. Regenerating community composition was highly variable but closely related to the severity of C. nootkatensis mortality. Callitropsis nootkatensis canopy mortality was correlated with winter temperatures and precipitation as well as local soil drainage, with regenerating community composition and C. nootkatensis regeneration abundances best explained by available seed source. In areas of high C. nootkatensis mortality, C. nootkatensis regeneration was low and replaced by Tsuga . Our study suggests that climate‐induced forest mortality is driving alternate successional pathways in forests where C. nootkatensis was once a major component. These pathways are likely to lead to long‐term shifts in forest community composition and stand dynamics. Our analysis fills a critical knowledge gap on forest ecosystem response and rearrangement following the climate‐driven decline of a single species, providing new insight into stand dynamics in a changing climate. As tree species across the globe are increasingly stressed by climate change‐induced alteration of suitable habitat, identifying the autecological factors contributing to successful regeneration, or lack thereof, will provide key insight into forest resilience and persistence on the landscape.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2019.9.issue-14
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5383
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 5
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    Limited stand expansion by a long‐lived conifer at a leading northern range edge, despite available habitat
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Ecology Vol. 106, No. 3 ( 2018-05), p. 911-924
    Details
    In: Journal of Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 106, No. 3 ( 2018-05), p. 911-924
    Abstract: In an era of rapid climate change, understanding the natural capacity of species' ranges to track shifting climatic niches is a critical research and conservation need. Because species do not move across the landscape through empty space, but instead have to migrate through existing biotic communities, basic dispersal ecology and biotic interactions are important considerations beyond simple climate niche tracking. Yellow‐cedar ( Callitropsis nootkatensis ), a long‐lived conifer of the North Pacific coastal temperate rainforest region, is thought to be undergoing a continued natural range expansion in southeast Alaska. At the same time, yellow‐cedar's trailing edge is approaching its leading edge in the region, due to climate‐induced root injury leading to widespread mortality over the past century. To examine the current dispersal capacity of yellow‐cedar at its leading range edge, and potential for the species' leading edge to stay ahead of its trailing edge, we characterized recent yellow‐cedar stand development near Juneau, Alaska, and surveyed the spread of yellow‐cedar seedlings just beyond existing stand boundaries. Despite suitable habitat beyond stand edges, stand expansion appears limited in recent decades to centuries. Large quantities of seed are germinating within stands and just beyond boundaries, but seedlings are not developing to maturity. Furthermore, c . 100–200‐year‐old yellow‐cedar trees are located abruptly at stand boundaries, indicating stand expansion is in a period of stasis with a last pulse at the end of the Little Ice Age climate period. Vegetative regeneration is common across stands and may be an adaptive strategy for this long‐lived tree to persist on the landscape until conditions are favourable for successful seedling recruitment, leading to an overall punctuated migration and colonization of new landscapes. Synthesis . Species ranges do not always respond linearly to shifting climatic conditions. Instead, successful colonization of new habitat may be tied to episodic, threshold‐related landscape phenomena, dispersal ability, and competition with existing plant communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0477 , 1365-2745
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jec.2018.106.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12885
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004136-6
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  • 6
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    Front Cover
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Diversity and Distributions Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2017-12)
    Details
    In: Diversity and Distributions, Wiley, Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2017-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1366-9516 , 1472-4642
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ddi.2017.23.issue-12
    DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12683
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020139-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1443181-6
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  • 7
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    A foundation of ecology rediscovered: 100 years of succession on the William S. Cooper plots in Glacier Bay, Alaska
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Ecology Vol. 98, No. 6 ( 2017-06), p. 1513-1523
    Details
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 98, No. 6 ( 2017-06), p. 1513-1523
    Abstract: Understanding plant community succession is one of the original pursuits of ecology, forming some of the earliest theoretical frameworks in the field. Much of this was built on the long‐term research of William S. Cooper, who established a permanent plot network in Glacier Bay, Alaska, in 1916. This study now represents the longest‐running primary succession plot network in the world. Permanent plots are useful for their ability to follow mechanistic change through time without assumptions inherent in space‐for‐time (chronosequence) designs. After 100‐yr, these plots show surprising variety in species composition, soil characteristics (carbon, nitrogen, depth), and percent cover, attributable to variation in initial vegetation establishment first noted by Cooper in the 1916–1923 time period, partially driven by dispersal limitations. There has been almost a complete community composition replacement over the century and general species richness increase, but the effective number of species has declined significantly due to dominance of Salix species which established 100‐yr prior (the only remaining species from the original cohort). Where Salix dominates, there is no establishment of “later” successional species like Picea . Plots nearer the entrance to Glacier Bay, and thus closer to potential seed sources after the most recent glaciation, have had consistently higher species richness for 100 yr. Age of plots is the best predictor of soil N content and C:N ratio, though plots still dominated by Salix had lower overall N; soil accumulation was more associated with dominant species. This highlights the importance of contingency and dispersal in community development. The 100‐yr record of these plots, including species composition, spatial relationships, cover, and observed interactions between species provides a powerful view of long‐term primary succession.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2017.98.issue-6
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1848
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1797-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010140-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Watershed-scale forest biomass distribution in a perhumid temperate rainforest as driven by topographic, soil, and disturbance variables
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2016
    In:  Canadian Journal of Forest Research Vol. 46, No. 6 ( 2016-06), p. 844-854
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 46, No. 6 ( 2016-06), p. 844-854
    Abstract: Temperate rainforests are the most carbon dense forest ecosystem on the planet, with C stocks several times higher than most other forested biomes. While climatic and disturbance drivers of these C stocks are relatively well explored, the spatial distribution of those stocks at the scale of entire watersheds is less well known, particularly in perhumid rainforests where research has been minimal. This study explored biomass distributions across an entire watershed simultaneously, from ocean to glacial icefields, in Southeast Alaska. Utilizing LiDAR and ground surveys, biomass was modelled throughout the landscape and distributions are described statistically. The dominant driver of biomass distributions at this scale (controlling for elevation) was the flow of water through the landscape: areas of higher water accumulation typically had low biomass (often 〈 10 Mg·ha –1 ), whereas well-drained areas supported biomass approaching 950 Mg·ha –1 . This relationship was strong at all elevations; only riparian locations (typically well-drained soils) maintained high biomass at low slopes. Exposure to stand-replacing disturbances, often a dominant driver, was only a minor factor. This work emphasizes the importance of water in temperate rainforests and the potentially significant impacts of changes to biomass given changes in precipitation (both increasing and decreasing) due to global climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0045-5067 , 1208-6037
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2016-0041
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473096-0
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  • 9
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    Alternative interpretation and scale-based context for “No evidence of recent (1995–2013) decrease of yellow-cedar in Alaska” (Barrett and Pattison 2017)
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2017
    In:  Canadian Journal of Forest Research Vol. 47, No. 8 ( 2017-08), p. 1145-1151
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 47, No. 8 ( 2017-08), p. 1145-1151
    Abstract: In their analysis of resampled and remeasured plot data from the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program, Barrett and Pattison (2017, Can. J. For. Res. 47(1): 97–105, doi: 10.1139/cjfr-2016-0335 ) suggest that there is neither evidence of a recent regional decrease in yellow-cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis (D. Don) Oerst. ex D.P. Little) live tree basal area nor a decrease in the species’ extent in southeastern Alaska. Here, we identify substantial, broad-scale agreement between their estimated extent of concentrated yellow-cedar mortality and that resulting from a complementary, existing body of research into yellow-cedar decline spanning 35 years. However, we also discuss concerns that the FIA remeasurement data used did not match the spatial distribution of the decline (e.g., excluding areas of known active decline in wilderness areas) and that the temporal coverage of FIA data (1990s to 2000s) was inappropriately compared with a cumulative decline map that spans several decades, meshing recent mortality with mortality that occurred up to a century ago. We provide an alternative explanation of Barrett and Pattison’s results in the context of ongoing yellow-cedar distribution and decline research in southeastern Alaska and support our interpretation by focusing on the temporal and spatial aspects of decline.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0045-5067 , 1208-6037
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2017-0070
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473096-0
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  • 10
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    Emerging climate‐driven disturbance processes: widespread mortality associated with snow‐to‐rain transitions across 10° of latitude and half the range of a climate‐threatened conifer
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 23, No. 7 ( 2017-07), p. 2903-2914
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 23, No. 7 ( 2017-07), p. 2903-2914
    Abstract: Climate change is causing rapid changes to forest disturbance regimes worldwide. While the consequences of climate change for existing disturbance processes, like fires, are relatively well studied, emerging drivers of disturbance such as snow loss and subsequent mortality are much less documented. As the climate warms, a transition from winter snow to rain in high latitudes will cause significant changes in environmental conditions such as soil temperatures, historically buffered by snow cover. The Pacific coast of North America is an excellent test case, as mean winter temperatures are currently at the snow–rain threshold and have been warming for approximately 100 years post‐Little Ice Age. Increased mortality in a widespread tree species in the region has been linked to warmer winters and snow loss. Here, we present the first high‐resolution range map of this climate‐sensitive species, Callitropsis nootkatensis (yellow‐cedar), and document the magnitude and location of observed mortality across Canada and the United States. Snow cover loss related mortality spans approximately 10° latitude (half the native range of the species) and 7% of the overall species range and appears linked to this snow–rain transition across its range. Mortality is commonly 〉 70% of basal area in affected areas, and more common where mean winter temperatures is at or above the snow–rain threshold ( 〉 0 °C mean winter temperature). Approximately 50% of areas with a currently suitable climate for the species ( 〈 −2 °C) are expected to warm beyond that threshold by the late 21st century. Regardless of climate change scenario, little of the range which is expected to remain suitable in the future (e.g., a climatic refugia) is in currently protected landscapes ( 〈 1–9%). These results are the first documentation of this type of emerging climate disturbance and highlight the difficulties of anticipating novel disturbance processes when planning for conservation and management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.2017.23.issue-7
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13555
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
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