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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Does mastitis cause economic loss in dairy cattle in Nepal?
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2023
    In:  Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2023-02-01), p. 55-65
    Details
    In: Nepal Agriculture Research Journal, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2023-02-01), p. 55-65
    Abstract: Mastitis is an economically important disease of dairy cattle worldwide. To assess its economic impact, a study was conducted in 384 households from eight districts namely Jhapa, Morang, Sunsari, Sarlahi, Chitwan, Rupandehi, Makawanpur and Kavre of Nepal having major dairy pockets, higher number of cattle population and higher number artificial insemination records. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed, pretested and asked with the respondents having dairy cattle. A focus group discussion was made with the members of dairy cooperatives, service providers from the government and private sectors including veterinarians, paraprofessionals and development workers. The key informant’s interview was performed with livestock experts from veterinary laboratories, veterinarians from Department of Livestock Services (DLS) and Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) to identify and triangulate the economic loss caused by clinical and subclinical mastitis. The survey results showed that an estimated loss of 8320 million Nepalese rupees (around 64 million USD) for sub-clinical mastitis and 4430 million rupees (around 34 million USD) for clinical mastitis. Dairy cattle suffering from mastitis also showed the higher incidence of infertility. The probability of infertility in mastitis affected cattle is 11% higher as compared non affected cattle. It is recommended to initiate the effective mastitis control program immediately which also helps to reduce the incidence of infertility in dairy cattle.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1029-533X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/narj.v15i1.51064
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2867698-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Different Floral Preservatives on Vase Life of Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science ( 2023-08-25), p. 72-81
    Details
    In: Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), ( 2023-08-25), p. 72-81
    Abstract: Farmers have been growing marigold commercially but they are still lacking knowledge on procedure of postharvest handling of flowers. This has created a huge problem for those farmers since they cannot store their own produce for a longer period of time thus facing problems in marketing. In order to inform the farmers with the best means of preservation of cut flowers so that they could fetch the good market price for their product. A lab experiment to study “effect of different floral preservatives on vase life of marigold (Tagetes erecta L)” was conducted at Campus of Live Sciences, Tulsipur, Dang in a factorial Completely Randomized Design. Altogether 9 treatments were used as: Distilled Water, Silver Nitrate (100 ppm), Malic Acid (2000 ppm), Citric Acid (2000 ppm), Salicylic Acid (1000 ppm), Gibberellic acid (50 ppm), Kinetin (50 ppm), Naphthalene Acetic Acid (50 ppm), Silver Nitrate (50 ppm) + Citric Acid (1000 ppm) + Gibberellic acid (25 ppm). Results showed that the use of floral preservatives affects the parameters like flower diameter, weight, post-harvest life, blackening of petals and sepals and water uptake. It has been observed that minimum change in weight for kinetin (19.39%), minimum change in diameter for gibberellic acid (4.18%), maximum postharvest life was for gibberellic acid (14.66 days), minimum neck bending for kinetin (33%), maximum water uptake for kinetin (4.38%) and minimum blackening for growth hormones. From this experiment we can conclude that growth hormones (kinetin (50ppm) and gibberellic acid (50ppm)) are suitable for postharvest handling and storage of marigold.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2091-0134
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56980
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Balanced cross-section across the Siwaliks of the Trijuga Valley, eastern Nepal
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Nepal Geological Society Vol. 60 ( 2020-09-16), p. 51-58
    Details
    In: Journal of Nepal Geological Society, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 60 ( 2020-09-16), p. 51-58
    Abstract: The strata of the Siwalik Group in the Trijuga valley is dissected by two thrusts, repeating the succession three times and forming a longitudinal Dun Valley. The total thickness of the Siwalik strata exceeds 5000 m in the area. A balanced cross-section has been constructed across the Siwalik Range in the Trijuga valley showing that the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) lies at the depth of about 5.2 km from the surface. The Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), Kamala Tawa Thrust (KTT), Marine ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­Khola Thrust (MKT) and Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) ramp-up from the MHT. Along with these faults, fault-bend anticlines associated with these thrusts have shortened the Siwalik of the area. The shortening across the area has been calculated to be approximately 33.7 km.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2676-1378 , 0259-1316
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/jngs.v60i0.31263
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2484993-5
    SSG: 13
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoadditives and rice bran oil biodiesel blend on performance and combustion characteristics of a variable compression ratio diesel engine: an experimental study
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining
    Details
    In: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, Wiley
    Abstract: The aim of this research was to investigate experimentally the performance and combustion characteristics of a four‐stroke, single‐cylinder, water‐cooled variable compression ratio diesel engine using rice bran oil biodiesel blends with zinc oxide nanoparticles. Rice bran oil biodiesel was prepared using a transesterification reaction with a 6:1 methanol‐oil molar ratio and 1% w/w potassium hydroxide as catalyst. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using a green method incorporating Psidium guajava leaf extract as a capping agent to reduce precursor use and to reduce the toxicity of the nanomaterial. The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized by using X‐ray diffraction and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy to confirm the formation of highly crystalline pure zinc oxide nanoparticles with a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with an average diameter of 20.963 nm. Rice bran‐oil biodiesel‐diesel blend was prepared by volumetrically mixing 20% biodiesel and 80% mineral diesel and was considered as a base fuel for comparison. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were diffused in the base fuel at dosage levels of 25, 50, and 75 ppm, with the aid of ultrasonication. Measurement of the major physicochemical properties of test fuels showed an increase in the cetane number and calorific value and a reduction in viscosity with an increase in the zinc oxide concentration. The overall properties of all the test fuels were found to be similar in comparison with commercial diesel. An experimental engine test was carried out under different loading conditions with a constant speed of 1500 RPM and two different compression ratios – that is, 17.5:1 and 15:1. Among all the test fuels at both compression ratios, engine performance and combustion properties improved with an increase in the zinc oxide concentration. Test fuel with 75 ppm of zinc oxide additive at 17.5 compression ratio resulted in an overall improvement at full load: brake thermal efficiency increased by 2.45%, brake specific fuel consumption reduced by 5.45%, cylinder peak pressure increased by 3.27% and net heat release increased by 10.32% in comparison with base fuel.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-104X , 1932-1031
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/bbb.2527
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2381232-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of Decellularized Fish Skin Scaffold Decorated with Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles for Accelerated Burn Wound Healing
    Hindawi Limited ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Biomaterials Vol. 2023 ( 2023-1-31), p. 1-18
    Details
    In: International Journal of Biomaterials, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2023 ( 2023-1-31), p. 1-18
    Abstract: In this study, decellularized fish skin (DFS) scaffold decorated with silver nanoparticles was prepared for accelerating burn wound healing. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by the green and facile method using Aloe vera leaf at different incubating times were characterized by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis spectroscopy). The different characterizations confirmed that the sizes of AgNPs prepared by incubating for 6 hours and 12 hours were 29.1 nm and 35.2 nm, respectively. After that, the different concentrations of the smallest AgNPs were used to dope the DFS scaffold to determine the cell viability. Additionally, an agar well diffusion method was used to screen for antimicrobial activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were used to correlate the concentration of AgNPs with its bactericidal effect which was seen from 50 μg/ml. Then, the toxicity with human cells was investigated using a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay with no significant cell viability from the concentration of 50 μg/ml to 200 μg/ml compared to the cocultured and commercial treatments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-8795 , 1687-8787
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2023/8541621
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2494344-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Perioperative Prophylactic Antibiotics in Orthopaedic Surgery
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2013
    In:  Nepal Orthopaedic Association Journal Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2013-12-14), p. 5-10
    Details
    In: Nepal Orthopaedic Association Journal, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2013-12-14), p. 5-10
    Abstract: Introduction: In our country, various institutes have different protocols for postoperative antibiotics. Many western literature have mentioned that administration of prophylactic antibiotics for longer than 24 hours has no advantage and may actually lead to superinfection with drug-resistant organisms. Because of environmental and theater condition most of the surgeon here are very reluctant to use prophylactic antibiotics for only 24 hours. The objective of the study was to find out the effect of duration of prophylactic antibiotics on the rate of surgical site infection in clean elective orthopaedic surgeries. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial involving 207 clean elective orthopaedic patients undergoing surgery. The patients were divided into three groups which received intravenous prophylactic antibiotics for 24 hours, 48 hours and 48 hours followed by 7 days of oral antibiotics respectively. The patients were followed up for three months postoperatively. Result: There was no significant difference in the rate of surgical site infection among the three groups. Conclusion: We conclude that there is no benefit in prolonging prophylactic antibiotics beyond 24 hours. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/noaj.v3i1.9318   Nepal Orthopedic Association Journal 2013 Vol.3(1): 5-10
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2091-0177
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/noaj.v3i1.9318
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stem Bark-Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Pyrus pashia: Characterization, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Inorganics Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2023-06-20), p. 263-
    Details
    In: Inorganics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2023-06-20), p. 263-
    Abstract: The investigation of using medicinal plants for the production and application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has attracted growing research interest. In this study, AgNPs are synthesized from the stem barks of the Pyrus pashia medicinal plant using a biosynthetic strategy. The reaction conditions were optimized under ambient conditions, including concentration, temperature, time, and pH, and various techniques were employed, such as UV-visible, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and TEM, to characterize the synthesized AgNPs. The AgNPs produced through this biosynthesis method were found to be spherical and polydispersed, with an average size of 23.92 ± 7.04 nm. The synthesized AgNPs demonstrated an enhanced DPPH free radical scavenging capacity compared to the aqueous extract, with IC50 values of 10.67 ± 0.05 µg/mL and 13.66 ± 0.35 µg/mL, respectively. In the agar well diffusion method, the synthesized AgNPs showed higher antibacterial activity than that of the extract against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 14028), and Shigella sonnei (ATCC 25931). Based on these findings, the study suggests that green synthesized AgNPs from P. pashia could be used for biomedical applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-6740
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11060263
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2735043-5
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles from the Roots of Ziziphus Mauritiana
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  SSRN Electronic Journal
    Details
    In: SSRN Electronic Journal, Elsevier BV
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-5068
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4257499
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
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