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  • 1
    In: Conservation Biology, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 5 ( 2017-10), p. 967-975
    Abstract: En Defensa de la Integridad Científica de los Procesos de Política de Conservación Resumen Las agencias del gobierno que enfrentan decisiones políticas controversiales comúnmente rebajan o ignoran la información científica, ya sea de empleados de la agencia o científicos no‐gubernamentales. Los desarrollos recientes en la integridad científica (la capacidad de desempeñar, usar, comunicar, y publicar ciencia libre de censura o interferencia política) en Canadá, Australia y en los Estados Unidos demuestran una trayectoria similar. Un incremento percibido en los abusos a la integridad científica provoca presiones conjuntas por la comunidad científica, lo que lleva a esfuerzos por mejorar las protecciones de la integridad científica bajo una nueva administración. Sin embargo, las protecciones se aplican continuamente sin consistencia y están en riesgo de una regresión bajo administraciones públicamente hostiles a la política basada en evidencias. Comparamos los retos recientes para la integridad científica para determinar cuáles aspectos de la contribución científica a la política de conservación están en mayor riesgo de una distorsión política y qué puede hacerse para fortalecer los salvoconductos contra dichos abusos. Para asegurar la integridad de las comunicaciones salientes de los científicos del gobierno al público sugerimos que los gobiernos fortalezcan las políticas de integridad científica, incluyan el derecho a hablar libremente de los científicos en los acuerdos de negociaciones colectivas, garanticen el acceso del público a la información científica, y que fortalezcan la cultura de la agencia apoyando a la integridad científica. Para asegurar la transparencia y la integridad con la cual la información de los científicos no‐gubernamentales (por ejemplo, los comentarios entregados o las revisiones de política formal) informa los procesos políticos sugerimos que los gobiernos amplíen el enfoque de las revisiones independientes, aseguren una mayor diversidad de contribuciones de expertos y transparencia con respecto a los conflictos de interés, requieran una respuesta sustanciosa a la contribución de las agencias, y que participen de manera proactiva con las sociedades científicas. Por su parte, los científicos y las sociedades científicas tienen la responsabilidad de comprometerse con el público para afirmar que la ciencia es un recurso crucial para desarrollar las políticas basadas en evidencias y las regulaciones en el interés público.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0888-8892 , 1523-1739
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020041-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    In: Environmental Reviews, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 28, No. 4 ( 2020-12), p. 357-372
    Abstract: Environmental decision-makers and practitioners need and deserve high-quality environmental evidence for effective decision-making. We collate and share a suite of best practices for applied environmental researchers to support their capacity to inform such decision-making processes. This raises a number of important questions: What does “relevant” and informative evidence look like? How do we know when evidence has been applied? We assembled an experienced team of knowledge generators and users in Canada to identify insights that have emerged from their work and that could serve as guideposts for others who seek to apply environmental research to policy challenges. By reflecting on successes and failures, we define “success” in applied environmental science as respectfully conducted, partner-relevant research that is accessible, understandable, and shared and that can create opportunities for change (e.g., in policy, behaviour, management). Next, we generated a list of best practices for delivering “successful” applied environmental research. Our guidance emphasizes the importance of engaging early and often, in a respectful manner, with partners, generating high-quality, relevant research (which requires flexibility), having a plan for communicating and sharing outputs, and being transparent about uncertainties and limitations. Other important considerations include acknowledging partners for involvement and training early career researchers in applied partnership research. Finally, we generated a list of specific, measurable indicators for evaluating success, including quality and quantity of scientific outputs, the relationship with the partner(s), relevance and connectedness of the research, accessibility and availability of outputs to users, provision of outputs that are digestible and usable by different audiences, training and capacity building, and ultimate outcomes (e.g., including social, environmental, and economic outcomes, as well as partner satisfaction). We encourage those embarking on applied environmental research to consider embracing the strategies, to continuously reflect on progress toward shared research goals, and to be flexible. Doing so will increase the likelihood of delivering research that is “successful” and in doing so contribute to overcoming and addressing environmental issues and problems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1181-8700 , 1208-6053
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027518-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2001
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 98, No. 20 ( 2001-09-25), p. 11365-11370
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 98, No. 20 ( 2001-09-25), p. 11365-11370
    Abstract: Although there is no shortage of potential explanations for the large-scale patterns of biological diversity, the hypothesis that energy-related factors are the primary determinants is perhaps most extensively supported, especially in cold-temperate regions. By using unusually high-resolution biodiversity and environmental data that have not previously been available, we demonstrate that habitat heterogeneity, as measured by remotely sensed land cover variation, explains Canadian butterfly richness better than any energy-related variable we measured across spatial scales. Although species-richness predictability declines with progressively smaller quadrat sizes, as expected, we demonstrate that most variability ( 〉 90%) in butterfly richness may be explained by habitat heterogeneity with secondary contributions from climatic energy. We also find that patterns of community similarity across Canada are strongly related to patterns of habitat composition but not to differences in energy-related factors. Energy should still be considered significant but its main role may be through its effects on within-habitat diversity and perhaps, indirectly, on the sorts of habitats that may be found in a region. Effects of sampling intensity and spatial autocorrelation do not alter our findings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    In: Malaria Journal, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2015-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1475-2875
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2091229-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Informa UK Limited ; 2008
    In:  Biodiversity Vol. 9, No. 3-4 ( 2008-11), p. 39-46
    In: Biodiversity, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 9, No. 3-4 ( 2008-11), p. 39-46
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1488-8386 , 2160-0651
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2626888-7
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  • 6
    In: Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, Wiley, Vol. 4, No. 2 ( 2018-06), p. 71-93
    Abstract: Societal, economic and scientific interests in knowing where biodiversity is, how it is faring and what can be done to efficiently mitigate further biodiversity loss and the associated loss of ecosystem services are at an all‐time high. So far, however, biodiversity monitoring has primarily focused on structural and compositional features of ecosystems despite growing evidence that ecosystem functions are key to elucidating the mechanisms through which biological diversity generates services to humanity. This monitoring gap can be traced to the current lack of consensus on what exactly ecosystem functions are and how to track them at scales beyond the site level. This contribution aims to advance the development of a global biodiversity monitoring strategy by proposing the adoption of a set of definitions and a typology for ecosystem functions, and reviewing current opportunities and potential limitations for satellite remote sensing technology to support the monitoring of ecosystem functions worldwide. By clearly defining ecosystem processes, functions and services and their interrelationships, we provide a framework to improve communication between ecologists, land and marine managers, remote sensing specialists and policy makers, thereby addressing a major barrier in the field.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2056-3485 , 2056-3485
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2825232-9
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  • 7
    In: Canadian Journal of Zoology, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 89, No. 5 ( 2011-05), p. 435-451
    Abstract: In Canada, habitat loss has pushed many more species to the brink of extinction than expected in a region with extensive wilderness. However, species richness gradients depend strongly on climate, so species are concentrated in southern regions, where agricultural and urban land uses are both intensive and extensive. Agricultural pesticide use is associated with increasing rates of species endangerment in the south, but long-range transport of persistent organic pollutants is an emerging issue in remote northern regions. Because their distributions reflect climate so strongly, climate change threatens species throughout Canada. Evidence indicates that species’ distributions, phenologies, and interactions with pests and diseases are changing more rapidly in response to climate change than global mean values. Nevertheless, climate change is expected to impose dispersal requirements that surpass species’ maximum rates. Habitat losses may interact with climate change to impair species’ dispersal still further, creating the potential for widespread disruption of biological systems in the most diverse areas of Canada. New research is urgently needed to address questions, and the ethics, around species translocation, ecosystem engineering to anticipate future environmental conditions, and strategies to facilitate the persistence of rare species in landscapes dominated by human activities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4301 , 1480-3283
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490831-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2017
    In:  Science Vol. 356, No. 6345 ( 2017-06-30), p. 1331-1332
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 356, No. 6345 ( 2017-06-30), p. 1331-1332
    Abstract: Bees are the main pollinators in most natural and agricultural landscapes ( 1 , 2 ). With rapid growth in the use of neonicotinoid pesticides, evidence has grown that they can harm bees ( 3 ). However, it has been difficult to determine how, and how much, neonicotinoids contribute to recent declines in some bee species. On page 1393 of this issue, Woodcock et al. ( 4 ) report that neonicotinoids contribute to local declines of wild bees and honey bees ( Apis mellifera ). These effects interact with local conditions to create country-specific—and usually negative—outcomes. On page 1395, Tsvetkov et al. ( 5 ) show that honey bees are exposed to neonicotinoids for most of the flight season in a corn-growing area of Canada; they fare particularly poorly when exposed to both neonicotinoids and fungicides.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 9
    In: Diversity and Distributions, Wiley, Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2017-03), p. 261-271
    Abstract: It has been found that species richness can be a peaked function of natural area, meaning that conversion of natural cover can increase species numbers. Here, we test whether regional richness–environment relationships can predict local change in species richness. Location The greater park ecosystem of Thousand Islands National Park ( TINP ecosystem), Ontario, Canada. Methods We evaluated change in bird richness in 85 100‐km 2 sites, censused from 1981 to 1985 and from 2001 to 2005. We related change in richness over 20 years to change in natural land cover for sites having initially less or greater than half natural area to determine whether richness changes in the direction predicted. We also assessed the extent to which local effects (site‐level extinction and colonization based on species‐specific habitat amount and neighbourhood occupancy by conspecifics) affected the predictability of species richness response to environmental change. Results Local effects predicted bird richness changes through time far better than natural area change (adjusted r 2  = 0.56 vs. adjusted r 2  = 0.13). Species richness did not consistently respond to change in natural area in the directions predicted by the broader spatial richness–environment relationship, tending to increase with decrease in natural area regardless of the initial amount of natural area. The observed natural area changes (+0.7 km 2 to −4.4 km 2 ) were small relative to the changes in richness (+60 species to −37 species), likely impacting our ability to detect a response. Main conclusions The importance of local effects observed here in determining site‐level species presence and consequently species richness has implications for species monitoring and the use of species richness as a measure of the avian response to land cover modification in Ontario. Detecting richness responses to environmental changes may often be challenged by low ‘signal‐to‐noise’ ratios and highlights the benefits of long‐term species monitoring.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1366-9516 , 1472-4642
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020139-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1443181-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2001
    In:  Global Ecology and Biogeography Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2001-07), p. 445-445
    In: Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2001-07), p. 445-445
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1466-822X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479787-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021283-5
    SSG: 12
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