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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Simulating regional climate-adaptive field cropping with fuzzy logic management rules and genetic advance
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  The Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 154, No. 2 ( 2016-03), p. 207-222
    Details
    In: The Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 154, No. 2 ( 2016-03), p. 207-222
    Abstract: Agriculture is a largely technical endeavour involving complicated managerial decision-making that affects crop performance. Farm-level modelling integrates crop models with agent behaviour to account for farmer decision-making and complete the representation of agricultural systems. To replicate an important part of agriculture in Central Europe a crop model was calibrated for a unique region's predominant crops: winter wheat, winter and spring barley, silage maize and winter rapeseed. Their cultivation was then simulated over multiple decades at daily resolution to test validity and stability, while adding the dimension of agent behaviour in relation to environmental and economic conditions. After validation against regional statistics, simulated future weather scenarios were used to forecast crop management and performance under anticipated global change. Farm management and crop genetics were treated as adaptive variables in the milieu of shifting climatic conditions to allow projections of agriculture in the study region into the coming decades.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8596 , 1469-5146
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0021859615000490
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Grain quality characteristics of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) as affected by free-air CO2 enrichment
    Elsevier BV ; 2013
    In:  Environmental and Experimental Botany Vol. 88 ( 2013-04), p. 11-18
    Details
    In: Environmental and Experimental Botany, Elsevier BV, Vol. 88 ( 2013-04), p. 11-18
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0098-8472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2011.12.007
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1497561-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of elevated CO 2 on grain yield and quality of wheat: results from a 3‐year free‐air CO 2 enrichment experiment
    Wiley ; 2009
    In:  Plant Biology Vol. 11, No. s1 ( 2009-11), p. 60-69
    Details
    In: Plant Biology, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. s1 ( 2009-11), p. 60-69
    Abstract: Spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. TRISO) was grown for three consecutive seasons in a free‐air carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) enrichment (FACE) field experiment in order to examine the effects on crop yield and grain quality. CO 2 enrichment promoted aboveground biomass (+11.8%) and grain yield (+10.4%). However, adverse effects were predominantly observed on wholegrain quality characteristics. Although the thousand‐grain weight remained unchanged, size distribution was significantly shifted towards smaller grains, which may directly relate to lower market value. Total grain protein concentration decreased significantly by 7.4% under elevated CO 2 , and protein and amino acid composition were altered. Corresponding to the decline in grain protein concentration, CO 2 enrichment resulted in an overall decrease in amino acid concentrations, with greater reductions in non‐essential than essential amino acids. Minerals such as potassium, molybdenum and lead increased, while manganese, iron, cadmium and silicon decreased, suggesting that adjustments of agricultural practices may be required to retain current grain quality standards. The concentration of fructose and fructan, as well as amounts per area of total and individual non‐structural carbohydrates, except for starch, significantly increased in the grain. The same holds true for the amount of lipids. With regard to mixing and rheological properties of the flour, a significant increase in gluten resistance under elevated CO 2 was observed. CO 2 enrichment obviously affected grain quality characteristics that are important for consumer nutrition and health, and for industrial processing and marketing, which have to date received little attention.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1435-8603 , 1438-8677
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/plb.2009.11.issue-s1
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00230.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2009
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    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pest and disease abundance and dynamics in wheat and oilseed rape as affected by elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2013
    In:  Functional Plant Biology Vol. 40, No. 2 ( 2013), p. 125-
    Details
    In: Functional Plant Biology, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 40, No. 2 ( 2013), p. 125-
    Abstract: Future atmospheric CO2 concentrations are predicted to increase, and directly affect host plant phenology, which, in turn, is assumed to mediate the performance of herbivorous insects indirectly as well as the abundance and epidemiology of plant diseases. In a 4-year field experiment, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Triso) and spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Campino) were grown using a mini- free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system, which consisted of a control (CON), an ambient treatment (AMB) and FACE treatments. The CON and AMB treatments did not receive additional CO2, whereas the FACE plots were moderately elevated by 150 μL L–1 CO2. The impact of elevated CO2 was examined with regard to plant phenology, biomass, leaf nitrogen and carbon, abundance of insect pest species and their relative population growth by either direct counts or yellow sticky traps. Occurrence and damage of plants by pathogens on spring wheat and oilseed rape were directly assessed. Disease infestations on plants were not significantly different between ambient and elevated CO2 in any of the years. Plant phenology, aboveground biomass, foliar nitrogen and carbon concentrations were also not significantly affected by CO2 enrichment. In contrast, the abundance of some species of insects was significantly influenced by elevated CO2, showing either an increase or a decrease in infestation intensity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1445-4408
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/FP12162
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2013
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How Well Does Noah-MP Simulate the Regional Mean and Spatial Variability of Topsoil Water Content in Two Agricultural Landscapes in Southwest Germany?
    American Meteorological Society ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Hydrometeorology Vol. 19, No. 3 ( 2018-03-01), p. 555-573
    Details
    In: Journal of Hydrometeorology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 19, No. 3 ( 2018-03-01), p. 555-573
    Abstract: The spatial variability of topsoil water content (SWC) is often expressed through the relationship between its spatial mean 〈θ〉 and standard deviation σθ. The present study tests the concept that a reasonably performing land surface model (LSM) should be able to produce σθ–〈θ〉 data pairs that fall into a polygon, spanned by the cloud of observed data and two anchor points: σθ at the permanent wilting point σθ–〈θwp〉 and σθ at saturation σθ–〈θs〉. A state-of-the-art LSM, Noah-MP, was driven by atmospheric forcing data obtained from eddy covariance field measurements in two regions of southwestern Germany, Kraichgau (KR) and Swabian Alb (SA). KR is characterized with deep loess soils, whereas the soils in SA are shallow, clayey, and stony. The simulations series were compared with SWC data from soil moisture networks operating in the two study regions. The results demonstrate that Noah-MP matches temporal 〈θ〉 dynamics fairly well in KR, but performs poorly in SA. The best match is achieved with the van Genuchten–Mualem representation of soil hydraulic functions and site-specific rainfall, soil texture, green vegetation fraction (GVF) and leaf area index (LAI) input data. Nevertheless, most of the simulated σθ–〈θ〉 pairs are located outside the envelope of measurements and below the lower bound, which shows that the model smooths spatial SWC variability. This can be mainly attributed to missing topography and terrain information and inadequate representation of spatial variability of soil texture and hydraulic parameters, as well as the model assumption of a uniform root distribution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-755X , 1525-7541
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-17-0169.1
    DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-17-0169.s1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Free-air CO2 enrichment in a wheat-weed assembly – effects on water relations
    Elsevier BV ; 2009
    In:  Basic and Applied Ecology Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2009-7), p. 358-367
    Details
    In: Basic and Applied Ecology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2009-7), p. 358-367
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1439-1791
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2008.08.008
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2046320-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The open-top chamber impact on vapour pressure deficit and its consequences for stomatal ozone uptake
    Elsevier BV ; 2008
    In:  Atmospheric Environment Vol. 42, No. 26 ( 2008-8), p. 6513-6522
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Environment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 42, No. 26 ( 2008-8), p. 6513-6522
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-2310
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.04.014
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 216368-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499889-0
    SSG: 14
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electron and ion temperatures-A comparison of ground-based incoherent scatter and AE-C satellite measurements
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1977
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 82, No. 1 ( 1977-01-01), p. 36-42
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 82, No. 1 ( 1977-01-01), p. 36-42
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JA082i001p00036
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1977
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033040-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 9
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    Effects of CO 2 Enrichment and Drought on Photosynthesis, Growth and Yield of an Old and a Modern Barley Cultivar
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science Vol. 202, No. 2 ( 2016-04), p. 81-95
    Details
    In: Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, Wiley, Vol. 202, No. 2 ( 2016-04), p. 81-95
    Abstract: Susceptibility of crops to drought may change under atmospheric CO 2 enrichment. We tested the effects of CO 2 enrichment and drought on the older malting barley cultivar Golden Promise ( GP ) and the recent variety Bambina ( BA ). Hypothesizing that CO 2 enrichment mitigates the adverse effects of drought and that GP shows a stronger response to CO 2 enrichment than BA , plants of both cultivars were grown in climate chambers. Optimal and reduced watering levels and two CO 2 concentrations (380 and 550 ppm) were used to investigate photosynthetic parameters, growth and yield. In contrast to expectations, CO 2 increased total plant biomass by 34 % in the modern cultivar while the growth stimulation was not significant in GP . As a reaction to drought, BA showed reduced biomass under elevated CO 2 , which was not seen in GP . Grain yield and harvest index ( HI ) were negatively influenced by drought and increased by CO 2 enrichment. BA formed higher grain yield and had higher water‐use efficiency of grain yield and HI compared to GP . CO 2 fertilization compensated for the negative effect of drought on grain yield and HI , especially in GP . Stomatal conductance proved to be the gas exchange parameter most sensitive to drought. Photosynthetic rate of BA showed more pronounced reaction to drought compared to GP . Overall, BA turned out to respond more intense to changes in water supply and CO 2 enrichment than the older GP .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-2250 , 1439-037X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jac.2016.202.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/jac.12127
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020400-0
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    On the use of the post-closure methods uncertainty band to evaluate the performance of land surface models against eddy covariance flux data
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2015
    In:  Biogeosciences Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2015-04-17), p. 2311-2326
    Details
    In: Biogeosciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2015-04-17), p. 2311-2326
    Abstract: Abstract. The energy balance of eddy covariance (EC) flux data is normally not closed. Therefore, at least if used for modelling, EC flux data are usually post-closed, i.e. the measured turbulent fluxes are adjusted so as to close the energy balance. At the current state of knowledge, however, it is not clear how to partition the missing energy in the right way. Eddy flux data therefore contain some uncertainty due to the unknown nature of the energy balance gap, which should be considered in model evaluation and the interpretation of simulation results. We propose to construct the post-closure methods uncertainty band (PUB), which essentially designates the differences between non-adjusted flux data and flux data adjusted with the three post-closure methods (Bowen ratio, latent heat flux (LE) and sensible heat flux (H) method). To demonstrate this approach, simulations with the NOAH-MP land surface model were evaluated based on EC measurements conducted at a winter wheat stand in southwest Germany in 2011, and the performance of the Jarvis and Ball–Berry stomatal resistance scheme was compared. The width of the PUB of the LE was up to 110 W m−2 (21% of net radiation). Our study shows that it is crucial to account for the uncertainty in EC flux data originating from lacking energy balance closure. Working with only a single post-closing method might result in severe misinterpretations in model–data comparisons.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-12-2311-2015
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2158181-2
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