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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Icosapent Ethyl Reduces Ischemic Events in Patients With a History of Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: REDUCE-IT CABG
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2021
    In:  Circulation Vol. 144, No. 23 ( 2021-12-07), p. 1845-1855
    Details
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 144, No. 23 ( 2021-12-07), p. 1845-1855
    Abstract: Despite advances in surgery and pharmacotherapy, there remains significant residual ischemic risk after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Methods: In REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl–Intervention Trial), a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, statin-treated patients with controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia were randomized to 4 g daily of icosapent ethyl or placebo. They experienced a 25% reduction in risk of a primary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina) and a 26% reduction in risk of a key secondary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) when compared with placebo. The current analysis reports on the subgroup of patients from the trial with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting. Results: Of the 8179 patients randomized in REDUCE-IT, a total of 1837 (22.5%) had a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, with 897 patients randomized to icosapent ethyl and 940 to placebo. Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups. Randomization to icosapent ethyl was associated with a significant reduction in the primary end point (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76 [95% CI, 0.63–0.92] ; P =0.004), in the key secondary end point (HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.56–0.87]; P =0.001), and in total (first plus subsequent or recurrent) ischemic events (rate ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.50–0.81]; P =0.0002) compared with placebo. This yielded an absolute risk reduction of 6.2% (95% CI, 2.3%–10.2%) in first events, with a number needed to treat of 16 (95% CI, 10–44) during a median follow-up time of 4.8 years. Safety findings were similar to the overall study: beyond an increased rate of atrial fibrillation/flutter requiring hospitalization for at least 24 hours (5.0% vs 3.1%; P =0.03) and a nonsignificant increase in bleeding, occurrences of adverse events were comparable between groups. Conclusions: In REDUCE-IT patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, treatment with icosapent ethyl was associated with significant reductions in first and recurrent ischemic events. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01492361.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056290
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stratospheric polar vortex splits and displacements in the high‐top CMIP5 climate models
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 121, No. 4 ( 2016-02-27), p. 1400-1413
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 121, No. 4 ( 2016-02-27), p. 1400-1413
    Abstract: CMIP5 models have a wide range of biases in the frequency of polar vortex splits and displacements Splits occur more barotropically than displacements in almost all models There are consistent differences in the sea level pressure response to splits and displacements
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.v121.4
    DOI: 10.1002/2015JD024178
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    SSG: 16,13
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    pHUSH: a single vector system for conditional gene expression
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2007
    In:  BMC Biotechnology Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2007-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Biotechnology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2007-12)
    Abstract: Conditional expression vectors have become a valuable research tool to avoid artefacts that may result from traditional gene expression studies. However, most systems require multiple plasmids that must be independently engineered into the target system, resulting in experimental delay and an increased potential for selection of a cell subpopulation that differs significantly from the parental line. We have therefore developed pHUSH, an inducible expression system that allows regulated expression of shRNA, miRNA or cDNA cassettes on a single viral vector. Results Both Pol II and Pol III promoters have been successfully combined with a second expression cassette containing a codon-optimized tetracycline repressor and selectable marker. We provide examples of how pHUSH has been successfully employed to study the function of target genes in a number of cell types within in vitro and in vivo assays, including conditional gene knockdown in a murine model of brain cancer. Conclusion We have successfully developed and employed a single vector system that enables Doxycycline regulated RNAi or transgene expression in a variety of in vitro and in vivo model systems. These studies demonstrate the broad application potential of pHUSH for conditional genetic engineering in mammalian cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1472-6750
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-7-61
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052746-9
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stratospheric Response to the 11-Yr Solar Cycle: Breaking Planetary Waves, Internal Reflection, and Resonance
    American Meteorological Society ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 30, No. 18 ( 2017-09-15), p. 7169-7190
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 30, No. 18 ( 2017-09-15), p. 7169-7190
    Abstract: Breaking planetary waves (BPWs) affect stratospheric dynamics by reshaping the waveguides, causing internal wave reflection, and preconditioning sudden stratospheric warmings. This study examines observed changes in BPWs during the northern winter resulting from enhanced solar forcing and the consequent effect on the seasonal development of the polar vortex. During the period 1979–2014, solar-induced changes in BPWs were first observed in the uppermost stratosphere. High solar forcing was marked by sharpening of the potential vorticity (PV) gradient at 30°–45°N, enhanced wave absorption at high latitudes, and a reduced PV gradient between these regions. These anomalies instigated an equatorward shift of the upper-stratospheric waveguide and enhanced downward wave reflection at high latitudes. The equatorward refraction of reflected waves from the polar upper stratosphere then led to enhanced wave absorption at 35°–45°N and 7–20 hPa, indicative of a widening of the midstratospheric surf zone. The stratospheric waveguide was thus constricted at about 45°–60°N and 5–10 hPa in early boreal winter; reduced upward wave propagation through this region resulted in a stronger upper-stratospheric westerly jet. From January, the regions with enhanced BPWs acted as “barriers” for subsequent upward and equatorward wave propagation. As the waves were trapped within the stratosphere, anomalies of zonal wavenumbers 2 and 3 were reflected poleward from the stratospheric surf zone. Resonant excitation of some of these reflected waves resulted in rapid growth of wave disturbances and a more disturbed polar vortex in late winter. These results provide a process-oriented explanation for the observed solar cycle signal. They also highlight the importance of nonlinearity in the processes that drive the stratospheric response to external forcing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0023.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Influence of Stratospheric Vortex Displacements and Splits on Surface Climate
    American Meteorological Society ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 26, No. 8 ( 2013-04-15), p. 2668-2682
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 26, No. 8 ( 2013-04-15), p. 2668-2682
    Abstract: A strong link exists between stratospheric variability and anomalous weather patterns at the earth’s surface. Specifically, during extreme variability of the Arctic polar vortex termed a “weak vortex event,” anomalies can descend from the upper stratosphere to the surface on time scales of weeks. Subsequently the outbreak of cold-air events have been noted in high northern latitudes, as well as a quadrupole pattern in surface temperature over the Atlantic and western European sectors, but it is currently not understood why certain events descend to the surface while others do not. This study compares a new classification technique of weak vortex events, based on the distribution of potential vorticity, with that of an existing technique and demonstrates that the subdivision of such events into vortex displacements and vortex splits has important implications for tropospheric weather patterns on weekly to monthly time scales. Using reanalysis data it is found that vortex splitting events are correlated with surface weather and lead to positive temperature anomalies over eastern North America of more than 1.5 K, and negative anomalies over Eurasia of up to −3 K. Associated with this is an increase in high-latitude blocking in both the Atlantic and Pacific sectors and a decrease in European blocking. The corresponding signals are weaker during displacement events, although ultimately they are shown to be related to cold-air outbreaks over North America. Because of the importance of stratosphere–troposphere coupling for seasonal climate predictability, identifying the type of stratospheric variability in order to capture the correct surface response will be necessary.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00030.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A practical method to identify displaced and split stratospheric polar vortex events
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2013
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 40, No. 19 ( 2013-10-16), p. 5268-5273
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 40, No. 19 ( 2013-10-16), p. 5268-5273
    Abstract: It is important to distinguish split and displaced vortex events Current methods to do so are not easily‐applicable to climate models A new method is easily-applicable and can accurately identify these events
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/grl.v40.19
    DOI: 10.1002/grl.50927
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seasonal, semiannual, and interannual variability seen in measurements of methane made by the UARS Halogen Occultation Experiment
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1997
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 102, No. D13 ( 1997-07-20), p. 16189-16199
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 102, No. D13 ( 1997-07-20), p. 16189-16199
    Abstract: Variability in atmospheric methane on semiannual, seasonal, and interannual timescales is investigated using measurements of CH 4 made by the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE). It is shown that there is a strong correlation between the appearance of the stratopause double peak in methane mixing ratio (which is thought to be associated with the semiannual oscillation (SAO)) and the phase of the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) in the equatorial lower stratosphere. In a descending westerly QBO phase the double peak is seen clearly in the HALOE methane data, but during the onset of the easterly phase the double peak is not observed. This is the opposite of that which might be expected if the cause was a straightforward modulation of the strength of the SAO due to wave filtering by the QBO. The intra‐annual variability in HALOE methane is shown to be broadly consistent with previous observations. One interesting feature is the apparent occurrence of descent in the summer high latitudes near the stratopause. It is shown that this feature is, in fact, due to enhanced photochemical destruction in this region in the presence of weak transport.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/97JD00868
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033040-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Solar forcing of winter climate variability in the Northern Hemisphere
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2011
    In:  Nature Geoscience Vol. 4, No. 11 ( 2011-11), p. 753-757
    Details
    In: Nature Geoscience, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 4, No. 11 ( 2011-11), p. 753-757
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1752-0894 , 1752-0908
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1282
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2396648-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2405323-5
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regional climate impacts of a possible future grand solar minimum
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2015
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2015-06-23)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2015-06-23)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8535
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Downward Wave Reflection as a Mechanism for the Stratosphere–Troposphere Response to the 11-Yr Solar Cycle
    American Meteorological Society ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 30, No. 7 ( 2017-04), p. 2395-2414
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 30, No. 7 ( 2017-04), p. 2395-2414
    Abstract: The effects of solar activity on the stratospheric waveguides and downward reflection of planetary waves during NH early to midwinter are examined. Under high solar (HS) conditions, enhanced westerly winds in the subtropical upper stratosphere and the associated changes in the zonal wind curvature led to an altered waveguide geometry across the winter period in the upper stratosphere. In particular, the condition for barotropic instability was more frequently met at 1 hPa near the polar-night jet centered at about 55°N. In early winter, the corresponding change in wave forcing was characterized by a vertical dipole pattern of the Eliassen–Palm (E–P) flux divergent anomalies in the high-latitude upper stratosphere accompanied by poleward E–P flux anomalies. These wave forcing anomalies corresponded with negative vertical shear of zonal mean winds and the formation of a vertical reflecting surface. Enhanced downward E–P flux anomalies appeared below the negative shear zone; they coincided with more frequent occurrence of negative daily heat fluxes and were associated with eastward acceleration and downward group velocity. These downward-reflected wave anomalies had a detectable effect on the vertical structure of planetary waves during November–January. The associated changes in tropospheric geopotential height contributed to a more positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation in January and February. These results suggest that downward reflection may act as a “top down” pathway by which the effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the upper stratosphere can be transmitted to the troposphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0400.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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