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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Tracing the effects of eutrophication on molluscan communities in sediment cores: outbreaks of an opportunistic species coincide with reduced bioturbation and high frequency of hypoxia in the Adriatic Sea
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2018
    In:  Paleobiology Vol. 44, No. 4 ( 2018-11), p. 575-602
    Details
    In: Paleobiology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 44, No. 4 ( 2018-11), p. 575-602
    Abstract: Estimating the effects and timing of anthropogenic impacts on the composition of macrobenthic communities is challenging, because early twentieth-century surveys are sparse and the corresponding intervals in sedimentary sequences are mixed by bioturbation. Here, to assess the effects of eutrophication on macrobenthic communities in the northern Adriatic Sea, we account for mixing with dating of the bivalve Corbula gibba at two stations with high accumulation (Po prodelta) and one station with moderate accumulation (Isonzo prodelta). We find that, first, pervasively bioturbated muds typical of highstand conditions deposited in the early twentieth century were replaced by muds with relicts of flood layers and high content of total organic carbon (TOC) deposited in the late twentieth century at the Po prodelta. The twentieth century shelly muds at the Isonzo prodelta are amalgamated but also show an upward increase in TOC. Second, dating of C. gibba shells shows that the shift from the early to the late twentieth century is characterized by a decrease in stratigraphic disorder and by an increase in temporal resolution of assemblages from ~25–50 years to ~10–20 years in both regions. This shift reflects a decline in the depth of the fully mixed layer from more than 20 cm to a few centimeters. Third, the increase in abundance of the opportunistic species C. gibba and the loss of formerly abundant, hypoxia-sensitive species coincided with the decline in bioturbation, higher preservation of organic matter, and higher frequency of seasonal hypoxia in both regions. This depositional and ecosystem regime shift occurred in ca. a.d. 1950. Therefore, the effects of enhanced food supply on macrobenthic communities were overwhelmed by oxygen depletion, even when hypoxic conditions were limited to few weeks per year in the northern Adriatic Sea. Preservation of trends in molluscan abundance and flood events in cores was enhanced by higher frequency of hypoxia that reduced bioturbation in the late twentieth century.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8373 , 1938-5331
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/pab.2018.22
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052186-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 13
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stratigraphic unmixing reveals repeated hypoxia events over the past 500 yr in the northern Adriatic Sea
    Geological Society of America ; 2017
    In:  Geology Vol. 45, No. 4 ( 2017-04), p. 363-366
    Details
    In: Geology, Geological Society of America, Vol. 45, No. 4 ( 2017-04), p. 363-366
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0091-7613 , 1943-2682
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1130/G38676.1
    DOI: 10.1130/2017104
    Language: English
    Publisher: Geological Society of America
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184929-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041152-2
    SSG: 13
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An innovative piston corer for large‐volume sediment samples
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography: Methods Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2016-11), p. 698-717
    Details
    In: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, Wiley, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2016-11), p. 698-717
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1541-5856 , 1541-5856
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/lom3.v14.11
    DOI: 10.1002/lom3.10124
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2161715-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Historical ecology of a biological invasion: the interplay of eutrophication and pollution determines time lags in establishment and detection
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Biological Invasions Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2018-6), p. 1417-1430
    Details
    In: Biological Invasions, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2018-6), p. 1417-1430
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1387-3547 , 1573-1464
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1634-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014991-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Slow growth and early sexual maturity: Bane and boon for the red coral Corallium rubrum
    Elsevier BV ; 2010
    In:  Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science Vol. 90, No. 1 ( 2010-11), p. 1-10
    Details
    In: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Elsevier BV, Vol. 90, No. 1 ( 2010-11), p. 1-10
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0272-7714
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2010.04.018
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466742-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 763369-5
    SSG: 21,3
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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  • 6
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    Pyrite-lined shells as indicators of inefficient bioirrigation in the Holocene–Anthropocene stratigraphic record
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2021
    In:  Biogeosciences Vol. 18, No. 22 ( 2021-11-22), p. 5929-5965
    Details
    In: Biogeosciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 18, No. 22 ( 2021-11-22), p. 5929-5965
    Abstract: Abstract. Although the depth of bioturbation can be estimated on the basis of ichnofabric, the timescale of sediment mixing (reworking) and irrigation (ventilation) by burrowers that affects carbonate preservation and biogeochemical cycles is difficult to estimate in the stratigraphic record. However, pyrite linings on the interior of shells can be a signature of slow and shallow irrigation. They indicate that shells of molluscs initially inhabiting oxic sediment pockets were immediately and permanently sequestered in reduced, iron-rich microenvironments within the mixed layer. Molluscan biomass-stimulated sulfate reduction and pyrite precipitation was confined to the location of decay under such conditions. A high abundance of pyrite-lined shells in the stratigraphic record can thus be diagnostic of limited exposure of organic tissues to O2 even when the seafloor is inhabited by abundant infauna disrupting and age-homogenizing sedimentary fabric as in the present-day northern Adriatic Sea. Here, we reconstruct this sequestration pathway characterized by slow irrigation (1) by assessing preservation and postmortem ages of pyrite-lined shells of the shallow-infaunal and hypoxia-tolerant bivalve Varicorbula gibba in sediment cores and (2) by evaluating whether an independently documented decline in the depth of mixing, driven by high frequency of seasonal hypoxia during the 20th century, affected the frequency of pyrite-lined shells in the stratigraphic record of the northern Adriatic Sea. First, at prodelta sites with a high sedimentation rate, linings of pyrite framboids form rapidly in the upper 5–10 cm as they already appear in the interiors of shells younger than 10 years and occur preferentially in well-preserved and articulated shells with periostracum. Second, increments deposited in the early 20th century contain 〈 20 % of shells lined with pyrite at the Po prodelta and 30 %–40 % at the Isonzo prodelta, whereas the late 20th century increments possess 50 %–80 % of shells lined with pyrite at both locations. At sites with slow sedimentation rate, the frequency of pyrite linings is low (〈 10 %–20 %). Surface sediments remained well mixed by deposit and detritus feeders even in the late 20th century, thus maintaining the suboxic zone with dissolved iron. The upcore increase in the frequency of pyrite-lined shells thus indicates that the oxycline depth was reduced and bioirrigation rates declined during the 20th century. We hypothesize that the permanent preservation of pyrite linings within the shells of V. gibba in the subsurface stratigraphic record was enabled by slow recovery of infaunal communities from seasonal hypoxic events, leading to the dominance of surficial sediment modifiers with low irrigation potential. The presence of very young and well-preserved pyrite-lined valves in the uppermost zones of the mixed layer indicates that rapid obrution by episodic sediment deposition is not needed for preservation of pyrite linings when sediment irrigation is transient and background sedimentation rates are not low (here, exceeding ∼ 0.1 cm yr−1) and infaunal organisms die at their living position within the sediment. Abundance of well-preserved shells lined by pyrite exceeding ∼ 10 % per assemblage in apparently well-mixed sediments in the deep-time stratigraphic record can be an indicator of inefficient bioirrigation. Fine-grained prodelta sediments in the northern Adriatic Sea deposited since the mid-20th century, with high preservation potential of reduced microenvironments formed within a mixed layer, can represent taphonomic and early diagenetic analogues of deep-time skeletal assemblages with pyrite linings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-18-5929-2021
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-18-5929-2021-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2158181-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ecological regime shift preserved in the Anthropocene stratigraphic record
    The Royal Society ; 2020
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 287, No. 1929 ( 2020-06-24), p. 20200695-
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 287, No. 1929 ( 2020-06-24), p. 20200695-
    Abstract: Palaeoecological data are unique historical archives that extend back far beyond the last several decades of ecological observations. However, the fossil record of continental shelves has been perceived as too coarse (with centennial-millennial resolution) and incomplete to detect processes occurring at yearly or decadal scales relevant to ecology and conservation. Here, we show that the youngest (Anthropocene) fossil record on the northern Adriatic continental shelf provides decadal-scale resolution that accurately documents an abrupt ecological change affecting benthic communities during the twentieth century. The magnitude and the duration of the twentieth century shift in body size of the bivalve Corbula gibba is unprecedented given that regional populations of this species were dominated by small-size classes throughout the Holocene. The shift coincided with compositional changes in benthic assemblages, driven by an increase from approximately 25% to approximately 70% in median per-assemblage abundance of C. gibba . This regime shift increase occurred preferentially at sites that experienced at least one hypoxic event per decade in the twentieth century. Larger size and higher abundance of C. gibba probably reflect ecological release as it coincides with an increase in the frequency of seasonal hypoxia that triggered mass mortality of competitors and predators. Higher frequency of hypoxic events is coupled with a decline in the depth of intense sediment mixing by burrowing benthic organisms from several decimetres to less than 20 cm, significantly improving the stratigraphic resolution of the Anthropocene fossil record and making it possible to detect sub-centennial ecological changes on continental shelves.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8452 , 1471-2954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0695
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460975-7
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    SSG: 25
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Mediterranean Sea. Its History and Present ChallengesS.Goffredo, Z.Dubinsky (Eds) Dordrecht, Heidelberg, New York, London: Springer, 2014. 678 pp. ISBN 978‐94‐007‐6703‐4, Hardback: €143; ISBN 978‐94‐007‐6704‐1 (eBook), DOI 10.1007/978‐94‐007‐6704‐1.
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Marine Ecology Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2016-04), p. 470-471
    Details
    In: Marine Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2016-04), p. 470-471
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0173-9565 , 1439-0485
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/maec.2016.37.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/maec.12276
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020745-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 225578-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Molluscan benthic communities at Brijuni Islands (northern Adriatic Sea) shaped by Holocene sea-level rise and recent human eutrophication and pollution
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 28, No. 11 ( 2018-11), p. 1801-1817
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 28, No. 11 ( 2018-11), p. 1801-1817
    Abstract: The effects of and the interplay between natural and anthropogenic influences on the composition of benthic communities over long time spans are poorly understood. Based on a 160-cm-long sediment core collected at 44 m water depth in the NE Adriatic Sea (Brijuni Islands, Croatia), we document changes in molluscan communities since the Holocene transgression ~11,000 years ago and assess how they were shaped by environmental changes. We find that (1) a transgressive lag deposit with a mixture of terrestrial and marine species contains abundant seagrass-associated gastropods and epifaunal suspension-feeding bivalves, (2) the maximum-flooding phase captures the establishment of epifaunal bivalve-dominated biostromes in the photic zone, and (3) the highstand phase is characterized by increasing infaunal suspension feeders and declining seagrass-dwellers in bryozoan-molluscan muddy sands. Changes in the community composition between the transgressive and the highstand phase can be explained by rising sea level, reduced light penetration, and increase in turbidity, as documented by the gradual up-core shift from coarse molluscan skeletal gravel with seagrass-associated molluscs to bryozoan sandy muds. In the uppermost 20 cm (median age 〈 200 years), however, epifaunal and grazing species decline and deposit-feeding and chemosymbiotic species increase in abundance. These changes concur with rising concentrations of nitrogen and organic pollutants due to the impact of eutrophication, pollution, and trawling in the 20th century. The late highstand benthic assemblages with abundant bryozoans, high molluscan diversity, and abundance of soft-bottom epi- and infaunal filter feeders and herbivores represent the circalittoral baseline community largely unaffected by anthropogenic impacts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683618788651
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
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    SSG: 3,4
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  • 10
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    Multiple phyla, one time resolution? Similar time averaging in benthic foraminifera, mollusk, echinoid, crustacean, and otolith fossil assemblages
    Geological Society of America ; 2022
    In:  Geology Vol. 50, No. 8 ( 2022-08-01), p. 902-906
    Details
    In: Geology, Geological Society of America, Vol. 50, No. 8 ( 2022-08-01), p. 902-906
    Abstract: Time averaging of fossil assemblages determines temporal precision of paleoecological and geochronological inferences. Taxonomic differences in intrinsic skeletal durability are expected to produce temporal mismatch between co-occurring species, but the importance of this effect is difficult to assess due to lack of direct estimates of time averaging for many higher taxa. Moreover, burial below the taphonomic active zone and early diagenetic processes may alleviate taxonomic differences in disintegration rates in subsurface sediments. We compared time averaging across five phyla of major carbonate producers co-occurring in a sediment core from the northern Adriatic Sea shelf. We dated individual bivalve shells, foraminiferal tests, tests and isolated plates of irregular and regular echinoids, crab claws, and fish otoliths. In spite of different skeletal architecture, mineralogy, and life habit, all taxa showed very similar time averaging varying from ~1800 to ~3600 yr (interquartile age ranges). Thus, remains of echinoids and crustaceans—two groups with multi-elemental skeletons assumed to have low preservation potential—can still undergo extensive age mixing comparable to that of the co-occurring mollusk shells. The median ages of taxa differed by as much as ~3700 yr, reflecting species-specific timing of seafloor colonization during the Holocene transgression. Our results are congruent with sequestration models invoking taphonomic processes that minimize durability differences among taxa. These processes together with temporal variability in skeletal production can overrule the effects of durability in determining temporal resolution of multi-taxic fossil assemblages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0091-7613 , 1943-2682
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1130/G49970.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Geological Society of America
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184929-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041152-2
    SSG: 13
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