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  • 1
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    Macroclimatic structuring of spatial phylogenetic turnover in liverworts
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Ecography Vol. 44, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 1474-1485
    Details
    In: Ecography, Wiley, Vol. 44, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 1474-1485
    Abstract: Phylogenetic turnover has emerged as a powerful tool to identify the mechanisms by which biological communities assemble. When significantly structured along environmental gradients, phylogenetic turnover evidences phylogenetic niche conservatism, a critical principle explaining patterns of species distributions at different spatio–temporal scales. Here, we quantify the contribution of geographic and macroclimatic drivers to explain patterns of phylogenetic turnover in an entire phylum of land plants, namely liverworts. We further determine whether climatic niche conservatism has constrained the distribution of liverworts in the course of their evolutionary history. Two datasets, one insular, focused on 60 archipelagos and including 2346 species, and the second global, including 6334 species in 451 oceanic and continental operational geographic units (OGUs) worldwide, were assembled. Phylogenetic turnover among OGUs was quantified through π st statistics. π st ‐through‐time profiles were generated at 1 Myr intervals along the phylogenetic time‐scale and used to compute the correlation between π st , current geographic distance and macroclimatic variation with Mantel tests based on Moran spectral randomization to control for spatial autocorrelation. The contribution of macroclimatic variation to phylogenetic turnover was about four‐times higher than that of geographic distance, a pattern that was consistently observed in island and global geographic settings, and with datasets including or excluding species‐poor OGUs. The correlation between phylogenetic turnover and geographic distance rapidly decayed at increasing phylogenetic depth, whereas the relationship with macroclimatic variation remained constant until 100 Mya. Our analyses reveal that changes in the phylogenetic composition among liverwort floras across the globe are primarily shaped by macroclimatic variation. They demonstrate the relevance of macroclimatic niche conservatism for the assembly of liverwort floras over very large spatial and evolutionary time scales, which may explain why such a pervasive biodiversity pattern as the increase of species richness towards the tropics also applies to organisms with high dispersal capacities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0906-7590 , 1600-0587
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ecog.2021.v44.i10
    DOI: 10.1111/ecog.05659
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1112659-0
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  • 2
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    Ecological and biological indicators of the accuracy of species distribution models: lessons from European bryophytes
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Ecography Vol. 2023, No. 8 ( 2023-08)
    Details
    In: Ecography, Wiley, Vol. 2023, No. 8 ( 2023-08)
    Abstract: The predictive power of species distribution models (SDMs) varies substantially among species depending on their ecological and life‐history traits, but which of these traits are the most relevant and how they influence species ‘predictability' remains an area of debate. Here, we address these questions in bryophytes. SDMs employing macroclimatic, topographic and edaphic predictors were calibrated for 411 species in Europe and externally evaluated using an independent dataset. Regression models were implemented to determine whether species characteristics, including life‐history traits, ecological preference and niche breadth, determine the accuracy of SDMs. Variation in SDM accuracy among species was significantly explained by species characteristics, supporting the hypothesis that the strength of species–environment correlations is affected by characteristics of the species themselves. The percent variance of SDM accuracy explained by species traits, however, substantially varied between 9 and 57% depending on the evaluation metrics used. The lower correlation observed between species traits and MaxKappa and the Boyce index than with area under the curve (AUC) and MaxTSS suggests that the former are less suitable than the latter for determining species ‘predictability' based on their traits. SDM accuracy decreased from species restricted to pristine habitats to species thriving in eutrophic habitats with high levels of human disturbance. The widespread distribution of man‐made habitats in fact opens the door for the spread of now ubiquitous species, even in environments that would primarily not be suitable for them. Such species, likely to occur anywhere, reach very high to full occupancy rates, thereby decreasing the accuracy of models aiming at predicting their distributions. The fact that AUC and MaxTSS were higher for species from pristine habitats is important in a conservation context, as ubiquitous species from eutrophic, disturbed environments are precisely the ones of lower conservation relevance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0906-7590 , 1600-0587
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ecog.v2023.i8
    DOI: 10.1111/ecog.06721
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2024917-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1112659-0
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  • 3
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    Data_Sheet_1.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Forests and Global Change Vol. 5 ( 2022-11-25)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 5 ( 2022-11-25)
    Abstract: Epiphytes typically exhibit clustered distribution patterns, but predicting the spatial variation of their distribution at fine scales has long been a challenge. Taking advantage of a canopy crane giving access to 1.1 ha of lowland seasonal rainforest in Yunnan (China), we assess here which factors promote the probability that a given tree hosts epiphytes, and the variation of species richness and abundance of epiphytic spermatophytes and ferns among trees. Variation in epiphyte species richness as a function of host tree size, characteristics of its surrounding environment, topography and microclimatic conditions, were analyzed by Random Forest. Epiphytic spermatophytes and ferns occupied 2.3 and 10.8% of the available host trees, respectively. Significant models predicting which trees are more likely to host epiphytes than others were obtained, indicating that host tree characteristics and their local environment play a significant role in determining which host tree is most likely to be colonized. These models, as well as models for species richness and abundance, however, exhibited a moderate to low accuracy ( r 2 0.28 and 0.24 and of 0.12 and 0.14 for spermatophyte and fern richness and abundance, respectively). The best predictor of the presence of epiphytes on a tree, of its epiphytic species richness and abundance, was its DBH. In ferns, however, two peaks of species richness were observed, representing shade-loving ferns on small trees and sun-loving ferns on large trees. Microclimatic conditions and light intensity were the second best factor accounting for variation in species richness and abundance among trees. The contribution of liana infestation, host tree identity, and characteristics of neighboring trees were marginal. Our inclusion of a large number of host-tree characteristics and their local environment did not allow for an apparent improvement of model accuracy over studies with a more limited number of predictors, pointing to the role of chance upon tree colonization. Our results confirm the utmost importance of large trees with emergent canopies for the conservation of the epiphytic flora, but also indicate that epiphytic diversity assessments in tropical forests must also include small understorey trees, which should be further considered for conservation. The importance of the micro-climatic conditions that prevail at the level of each individual host tree further points to the necessity of maintaining a buffer zone around large host trees targeted for conservation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2624-893X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2022.1007473
    DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2022.1007473.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2968523-0
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  • 4
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    Microclimatic variation in tropical canopies: A glimpse into the processes of community assembly in epiphytic bryophyte communities
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Ecology Vol. 110, No. 12 ( 2022-12), p. 3023-3038
    Details
    In: Journal of Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 110, No. 12 ( 2022-12), p. 3023-3038
    Abstract: Epiphytic communities offer an original framework to disentangle the contributions of environmental filters, biotic interactions and dispersal limitations to community structure at fine spatial scales. We determine here whether variations in light, microclimatic conditions and host tree size affect the variation in species composition and phylogenetic structure of epiphytic bryophyte communities, and hence, assess the contribution of environmental filtering, phylogenetic constraints and competition to community assembly. A canopy crane giving access to 1.1 ha of tropical rainforest in Yunnan (China) was employed to record hourly light and microclimatic conditions from 54 dataloggers and epiphytic bryophyte communities from 408 plots. Generalized Dissimilarity Modelling was implemented to analyse the relationship between taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover among epiphytic communities, host‐tree characteristics and microclimatic variation. Within‐tree vertical turnover of bryophyte communities was significantly about 30% higher than horizontal turnover among‐trees. Thus, the sharp vertical variations in microclimatic conditions from tree base to canopy are more important than differences in age, reflecting the likelihood of colonization, area, and habitat conditions between young and old trees, in shaping the composition of epiphytic bryophyte communities. Our models, to which microclimatic factors contributed most (83–98%), accounted for 33% and 18% of the variation in vertical turnover in mosses and liverworts, respectively. Phylogenetic turnover shifted from significantly negative or non‐significant within communities to significantly positive among communities, and was slightly, but significantly, correlated with microclimatic variation. These patterns highlight the crucial role of microclimates in determining the composition and phylogenetic structure of epiphytic communities. Synthesis. The mostly non‐significant phylogenetic turnover observed within communities does not support the idea that competition plays an important role in epiphytic bryophytes. Instead, microclimatic variation is the main driver of community composition and phylogenetic structure, evidencing the role of phylogenetic niche conservatism in community assembly.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0477 , 1365-2745
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jec.v110.12
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.14011
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3023-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004136-6
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  • 5
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    Disentangling climate change from air pollution effects on epiphytic bryophytes
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 29, No. 14 ( 2023-07), p. 3990-4000
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 29, No. 14 ( 2023-07), p. 3990-4000
    Abstract: At the interface between atmosphere and vegetation, epiphytic floras have been largely used as indicators of air quality. The recovery of epiphytes from high levels of SO 2 pollution has resulted in major range changes, whose interpretation has, however, been challenged by concomitant variation in other pollutants as well as climate change. Here, we combine historical and contemporary information on epiphytic bryophyte species distributions, climatic conditions, and pollution loads since the 1980s in southern Belgium to disentangle the relative impact of climate change and air pollution on temporal shifts in species composition. The relationship between the temporal variation of species composition, climatic conditions, SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3 , and fine particle concentrations, was analyzed by variation partitioning. The temporal shift in species composition was such, that it was, on average, more than twice larger than the change in species composition observed today among communities scattered across the study area. The main driver, contributing to 38% of this temporal shift in species composition, was the variation of air quality. Climate change alone did not contribute to the substantial compositional shifts in epiphytic bryophyte communities in the course of the last 40 years. As a consequence of the substantial drop of N and S loads over the last decades, present‐day variations of epiphytic floras were, however, better explained by the spatial variation of climatic conditions than by extant pollution loads. The lack of any signature of recolonization delays of formerly polluted areas in the composition of modern floras suggests that epiphytic bryophytes efficiently disperse at the landscape scale. We suggest that a monitoring of epiphyte communities at 10‐year intervals would be desirable to assess the impact of raising pollution sources, and especially pesticides, whose impact on bryophytes remains poorly documented.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.v29.14
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16736
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 6
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    Distributions and habitats of the two partly allopatric cryptic species of the vulnerable moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Bryophyta) in Europe
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society Vol. 200, No. 2 ( 2022-09-17), p. 233-254
    Details
    In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 200, No. 2 ( 2022-09-17), p. 233-254
    Abstract: The geographical distributions of the two cryptic species of the wetland moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus were mapped for western, central and northern Europe, based on identifications of the two by the nuclear ITS1 + 2 and the plastid rpl16 and trnL–trnF. The distributions of the two cryptic species overlap to a large extent. However, in the west and south-west only cryptic species 1 is present, whereas in the boreal north only cryptic species 2 occurs, which agrees with its distribution in Scandinavia. Despite these differences in distribution, no differences between the two cryptic species were revealed in habitat water chemistry, elevation distribution or climatic niches. The difference in distribution therefore suggests that cryptic species 1 could have survived the glacial period in southern Europe and cryptic species 2 in northern or eastern Europe. However, the studied molecular markers did not reveal geographical patterns suggesting origins in different glacial refugia. Although populations of both cryptic species have decreased in large portions of western Europe, a significantly negative Tajima’s D may reflect the long-term expansion south of Scandinavia since the glacial bottleneck, potentially correlated with the expansion of earlier extensive agricultural management of wetlands.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-4074 , 1095-8339
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boac011
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 7
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    Effects of climate change on the distribution of plant species and plant functional strategies on the Canary Islands
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Diversity and Distributions Vol. 29, No. 9 ( 2023-09), p. 1157-1171
    Details
    In: Diversity and Distributions, Wiley, Vol. 29, No. 9 ( 2023-09), p. 1157-1171
    Abstract: Oceanic islands possess unique floras with high proportions of endemic species. Island floras are expected to be severely affected by changing climatic conditions as species on islands have limited distribution ranges and small population sizes and face the constraints of insularity to track their climatic niches. We aimed to assess how ongoing climate change affects the range sizes of oceanic island plants, identifying species of particular conservation concern. Location Canary Islands, Spain. Methods We combined species occurrence data from single‐island endemic, archipelago endemic and nonendemic native plant species of the Canary Islands with data on current and future climatic conditions. Bayesian Additive Regression Trees were used to assess the effect of climate change on species distributions; 71% ( n  = 502 species) of the native Canary Island species had models deemed good enough. To further assess how climate change affects plant functional strategies, we collected data on woodiness and succulence. Results Single‐island endemic species were projected to lose a greater proportion of their climatically suitable area (x ̃ = −0.36) than archipelago endemics (x ̃ = −0.28) or nonendemic native species (x ̃ = −0.26), especially on Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, which are expected to experience less annual precipitation in the future. Moreover, herbaceous single‐island endemics were projected to gain less and lose more climatically suitable area than insular woody single‐island endemics. By contrast, we found that succulent single‐island endemics and nonendemic natives gain more and lose less climatically suitable area. Main Conclusions While all native species are of conservation importance, we emphasise single‐island endemic species not characterised by functional strategies associated with water use efficiency. Our results are particularly critical for other oceanic island floras that are not constituted by such a vast diversity of insular woody species as the Canary Islands.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1366-9516 , 1472-4642
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ddi.v29.9
    DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13750
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020139-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1443181-6
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  • 8
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    Spatial resolution impacts projected plant responses to climate change on topographically complex islands
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Diversity and Distributions Vol. 29, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. 1245-1262
    Details
    In: Diversity and Distributions, Wiley, Vol. 29, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. 1245-1262
    Abstract: Understanding how grain size affects our ability to characterize species responses to ongoing climate change is of crucial importance in the context of an increasing awareness for the substantial difference that exists between coarse spatial resolution macroclimatic data sets and the microclimate actually experienced by organisms. Climate change impacts on biodiversity are expected to peak in mountain areas, wherein the differences between macro and microclimates are precisely the largest. Based on a newly generated fine‐scale environmental data for the Canary Islands, we assessed whether data at 100 m resolution is able to provide more accurate predictions than available data at 1 km resolution. We also analysed how future climate suitability predictions of island endemic bryophytes differ depending on the grain size of grids. Location Canary Islands. Time period Present (1979–2013) and late‐century (2071–2100). Taxa Bryophytes. Methods We compared the accuracy and spatial predictions using ensemble of small models for 14 Macaronesian endemic bryophyte species. We used two climate data sets: CHELSA v1.2 (~1 km) and CanaryClim v1.0 (100 m), a downscaled version of the latter utilizing data from local weather stations. CanaryClim also encompasses future climate data from five individual model intercomparison projects for three warming shared socio‐economic pathways. Results Species distribution models generated from CHELSA and CanaryClim exhibited a similar accuracy, but CanaryClim predicted buffered warming trends in mid‐elevation ridges. CanaryClim consistently returned higher proportions of newly suitable pixels (8%–28%) than CHELSA models (0%–3%). Consequently, the proportion of species predicted to occupy pixels of uncertain suitability was higher with CHELSA (3–8 species) than with CanaryClim (0–2 species). Main conclusions The resolution of climate data impacted the predictions rather than the performance of species distribution models. Our results highlight the crucial role that fine‐resolution climate data sets can play in predicting the potential distribution of both microrefugia and new suitable range under warming climate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1366-9516 , 1472-4642
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ddi.v29.10
    DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13757
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1443181-6
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  • 9
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    Small to train, small to test: Dealing with low sample size in model evaluation
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Ecological Informatics Vol. 75 ( 2023-07), p. 102106-
    Details
    In: Ecological Informatics, Elsevier BV, Vol. 75 ( 2023-07), p. 102106-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1574-9541
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102106
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2218079-5
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  • 10
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    Global geographical range and population size of the habitat specialist Codonoblepharon forsteri (Dicks.) Goffinet in a changing climate
    Informa UK Limited ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Bryology Vol. 44, No. 1 ( 2022-01-02), p. 35-50
    Details
    In: Journal of Bryology, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 44, No. 1 ( 2022-01-02), p. 35-50
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0373-6687 , 1743-2820
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/03736687.2022.2032541
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2080324-2
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