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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Offset-Normalizing Techniques on Variability in Motion Analysis Data
    Human Kinetics ; 2004
    In:  Journal of Applied Biomechanics Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 2004-05), p. 177-184
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, Human Kinetics, Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 2004-05), p. 177-184
    Abstract: This study assessed the effect of offset normalizations on variability in kinematic data. The tarsal angles for 12 elderly horses, with mild lameness of the tarsal joint, were measured at the trot pre and post 2 weeks administration of a dietary supplement intended to promote joint health (Corta-Flx, Nature's Own, Aiken, SC). For five strides, pre- and postsupplement, the tarsal angles measured on the flexor side (full exten. = 180°) were smoothed, normalized to 101 data points, and averaged. Four offset normalizations were applied: minus standing tarsal angle (Tarsal); minus impact angle (Impact); minus mean angle (Average); multiplicative scatter correction (MSC). For 11 angle variables across the stride there were no significant differences pre- and postsupplement, p 〉 0.05. Normalization had no effect on the timing of variables or magnitude of angles, but generally the variability in the angles was reduced. Least to greatest reduction occurred with the Tarsal, Impact, Average, then MSC normalizations. The Average and MSC techniques resulted in two and three variables, respectively, becoming significantly different. These differences were small, emphasizing that significant findings should be interpreted for meaningfulness. Normalizations based on the data gave the largest reductions in variability, but these may introduce biases into the data. Thus, normalization with respect to measurements external to data capture may be preferable, but their theoretical and statistical relationship to the kinematic variables should be confirmed. MSC altered the shape of the kinematic trace, which may be misleading. Offset normalizations should be used with care, but they can reduce variability in kinematic data to increase statistical power in biomechanical studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1065-8483 , 1543-2688
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1123/jab.20.2.177
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Human Kinetics
    Publication Date: 2004
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Carpal Synovectomy on Stride Kinematics of Trotting Horses
    Georg Thieme Verlag KG ; 1998
    In:  Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology Vol. 11, No. 02 ( 1998), p. 80-84
    Details
    In: Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Vol. 11, No. 02 ( 1998), p. 80-84
    Abstract: A group of eight horses was used to study the effects of synovectomy of one antebrachiocarpal joint on stride kinematics of the trot. Two months after the operation, four of the horses started a progressive exercise program lasting two months. A standardised lameness evaluation and videographic gait analysis were performed on three occasions: two days before the operation, two days after the operation and four months after the operation when the exercise programme had been completed. There were no significant differences in clinical lameness score, amplitude of poll motion, maximal metacarpophalangeal angle, maximal carpal angle, or minimal carpal angle between the synovectomized limb and the unoperated limb on any of the three evaluation days. It is concluded that carpal synovectomy did not cause lameness in the immediate post-operative period, and that strenuous exercise can safely be commenced after a two month recovery period, unless underlying cartilaginous lesions dictate otherwise. Gait analysis was performed qualitatively using a standard clinical examination and quantitatively using videographic analysis to measure kinematic variables that have previously been associated with lameness. Following synovectomy of one antebrachiocarpal joint no signs of lameness were observed on clinical examination and there were no asymmetrics in the kinematic variables. A strenuous exercise program, which commenced 2 months after surgery and lasted for 2 months, was completed without the development of clinical or video-graphic signs of lameness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0932-0814 , 2567-6911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1632615
    Language: English
    Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publication Date: 1998
    SSG: 22
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Know your noseband: An exploration of factors that influence riders’ choice of noseband
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Veterinary Behavior Vol. 47 ( 2022-01), p. 1-11
    Details
    In: Journal of Veterinary Behavior, Elsevier BV, Vol. 47 ( 2022-01), p. 1-11
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1558-7878
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2021.09.008
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2256674-0
    SSG: 22
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A SARS-CoV-2 ferritin nanoparticle vaccine elicits protective immune responses in nonhuman primates
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2022
    In:  Science Translational Medicine Vol. 14, No. 632 ( 2022-02-16)
    Details
    In: Science Translational Medicine, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 14, No. 632 ( 2022-02-16)
    Abstract: Despite the early success of authorized and approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, improved vaccines that can elicit robust cellular and humoral immune responses are still essential for combating the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Here, Joyce et al. developed a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ferritin nanoparticle (SpFN) vaccine. Nonhuman primates vaccinated with two doses of SpFN plus adjuvant separated by 28 days developed potent SARS-CoV-2–specific B and T cell responses, which conferred protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Serum isolated from vaccinated animals neutralized several variants of concern, including the delta variant. Together, these data support further development of this adjuvanted SpFN vaccine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1946-6234 , 1946-6242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi5735
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of equipment used to measure shear properties in equine arena surfaces
    Elsevier BV ; 2015
    In:  Biosystems Engineering Vol. 137 ( 2015-09), p. 43-54
    Details
    In: Biosystems Engineering, Elsevier BV, Vol. 137 ( 2015-09), p. 43-54
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1537-5110
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2015.07.006
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2072707-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation as Treatment for Relapsed and High-Risk Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma.
    American Society of Hematology ; 2007
    In:  Blood Vol. 110, No. 11 ( 2007-11-16), p. 3040-3040
    Details
    In: Blood, American Society of Hematology, Vol. 110, No. 11 ( 2007-11-16), p. 3040-3040
    Abstract: Background: Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the standard treatment for relapsed aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Studies are conflicting as to whether ASCT has comparable salvage rates in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). Emerging evidence suggests that a graft-versus-lymphoma effect may exist in PTCL. Thus, allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT) may be a favoured approach for relapsed PTCL patients. Methods: The British Columbia Leukaemia/BMT database was reviewed to identify all PTCL patients who have undergone allo-SCT for relapsed/refractory or high risk PTCL. Twenty patients (13M, 7F) with PTCL received an allo-SCT between November 1990 and May 2007. Median age at transplant was 46.5 years (range 16–64 years). Lymphoma subtypes were PTCL-unspecified (n=7), anaplastic large cell (n=4), hepato-splenic γδ (n=4), angio-immunoblastic (n=3), enteropathy-type (n=1) and nasal-type natural killer (n=1). Seventy percent of the patients presented at diagnosis with two or three risk factors from the age-adjusted International Prognostic Index. The disease status at the time of transplant was: First complete remission (n=4; all 4 had hepatosplenic γδ PTCL); second or greater complete remission (n=6); first partial remission (n=1); first chemosensitive relapse (n=4); untested relapse (n=3); induction failure (n=2). Sixteen patients had matched sibling donors and 4 had unrelated donors (2 patients had mismatched donors). Sixteen patients received radiation-based conditioning regimens. Two patients received reduced-intensity conditioning regimens. Results: At the time of analysis, 5 patients have died. Three patients died within fifty days of transplant with treatment-related complications (2 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 1 pulmonary hemorrhage), 1 died of chronic GVHD and 1 died of high-grade sarcoma. Non-relapse mortality was 19% at 2 years. Median follow-up of surviving patients was 21 months (range, 1 to 163 months). Of the remaining 15 patients alive at the time of analysis, 3 had relapsed lymphoma and 12 remain in remission. Seven patients (35%) had grade 2 acute GVHD or greater. Thirteen patients (65%) had chronic GVHD (3 limited, 10 extensive). Univariate analysis was performed to determine the influence of gender, age, previous number of lines of therapy, acute GVHD and chronic GVHD. None of these factors were found to be of prognostic significance. Estimated 2-year event-free and overall survival at was 49% [95% CI: 28–83%] and 77% [95% CI: 59–100%] , respectively. Risk of relapse at 2 years was 40% (95% CI: 3–63%). Conclusions: Allo SCT is a feasible option with encouraging results for patients with relapsed PTCL and select individuals with high-risk histologic subtypes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-4971 , 1528-0020
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1182/blood.V110.11.3040.3040
    RVK:
    XA 33000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Hematology
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468538-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80069-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Video_1.MP4
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Veterinary Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-11-8)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-11-8)
    Abstract: The relationship between lameness-related adaptations in equine appendicular motion and muscle activation is poorly understood and has not been studied objectively. The aim of this study was to compare muscle activity of selected fore- and hindlimb muscles, and movement of the joints they act on, between baseline and induced forelimb (iFL) and hindlimb (iHL) lameness. Three-dimensional kinematic data and surface electromyography (sEMG) data from the fore- (triceps brachii, latissimus dorsi) and hindlimbs (superficial gluteal, biceps femoris, semitendinosus) were bilaterally and synchronously collected from clinically non-lame horses ( n = 8) trotting over-ground (baseline). Data collections were repeated during iFL and iHL conditions (2–3/5 AAEP), induced on separate days using a modified horseshoe. Motion asymmetry parameters and continuous joint and pro-retraction angles for each limb were calculated from kinematic data. Normalized average rectified value (ARV) and muscle activation onset, offset and activity duration were calculated from sEMG signals. Mixed model analysis and statistical parametric mapping, respectively, compared discrete and continuous variables between conditions (α= 0.05). Asymmetry parameters reflected the degree of iFL and iHL. Increased ARV occurred across muscles following iFL and iHL, except non-lame side forelimb muscles that significantly decreased following iFL. Significant, limb-specific changes in sEMG ARV, and activation timings reflected changes in joint angles and phasic shifts of the limb movement cycle following iFL and iHL. Muscular adaptations during iFL and iHL are detectable using sEMG and primarily involve increased bilateral activity and phasic activation shifts that reflect known compensatory movement patterns for reducing weightbearing on the lame limb. With further research and development, sEMG may provide a valuable diagnostic aid for quantifying the underlying neuromuscular adaptations to equine lameness, which are undetectable through human observation alone.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-1769
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.989522
    DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.989522.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.989522.s002
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834243-4
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fluoroscopic study of oral behaviours in response to the presence of a bit and the effects of rein tension
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2009
    In:  Comparative Exercise Physiology Vol. 6, No. 04 ( 2009-11), p. 143-148
    Details
    In: Comparative Exercise Physiology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 6, No. 04 ( 2009-11), p. 143-148
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1755-2540 , 1755-2559
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1755254010000036
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
    SSG: 22
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Net joint moments and powers in the equine forelimb during the stance phase of the trot
    Wiley ; 1998
    In:  Equine Veterinary Journal Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 1998-09), p. 384-389
    Details
    In: Equine Veterinary Journal, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 1998-09), p. 384-389
    Abstract: The objective of this study was to provide normative data describing the net joint moments and joint powers for the stance phase of the forelimb in trotting horses. Kinematic and force plate data, synchronised in time and space, were collected for the right forelimb of 6 Warmblood horses moving at a trot. The 3‐D kinematic data were collapsed onto a sagittal plane, and were combined with the vertical and longitudinal ground reaction forces and with segment morphometric data to calculate net joint moments in the sagittal plane across the distal interphalangeal (coffin), metacarpophalangeal (fetlock), carpal, elbow and shoulder joints. The joint mechanical power was calculated as the product of the joint moment and the joint's angular velocity. Major peaks on the moment and power curves were identified. Each joint showed consistent and repeatable patterns in the net joint moments and joint powers. During most of stance the net joint moment was on the caudal/palmar side of all joints except the shoulder. At the coffin joint the power profile indicated an energy absorbing function that peaked at 74% stance, which coincided with the maximal longitudinal propulsive force. The fetlock joint behaved as an elastic spring; energy was absorbed in the first half of stance as the flexor tendons and SL stored elastic energy, which was released in the second half of stance as a result of elastic recoil. The carpus did not appear to play an important role in energy absorption or propulsion. Both the elbow and shoulder joints showed what appeared to be phases of elastic energy storage and release in the middle part of the stance phase, followed by a propulsive function at the shoulder in the later part of stance. The fetlock, carpus and elbow showed virtually no net generation or absorption of energy. The net energy generation at the shoulder joint was approximately equal to the energy absorption at the coffin joint. In human subjects specific gait pathologies produce characteristic alterations in the shape of the power profile as well as changes in the amount of energy absorbed and generated at the joints. In horses evaluation of net joint moments and joint powers will further our understanding of the mechanics and energetics of lameness, and may prove to be a useful diagnostic tool. An understanding of the function and dysfunction of different anatomical structures will facilitate the interpretation of clinical findings in terms of mechanical deficits.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0425-1644 , 2042-3306
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/evj.1998.30.issue-5
    DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1998.tb04505.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2205089-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advantages and disadvantages of track vs. treadmill tests
    Wiley ; 2010
    In:  Equine Veterinary Journal Vol. 31, No. S30 ( 2010-06-10), p. 645-647
    Details
    In: Equine Veterinary Journal, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. S30 ( 2010-06-10), p. 645-647
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0425-1644 , 2042-3306
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05305.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2205089-9
    SSG: 12
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