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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Integrated Effects of Water Stress and Plastic Film Mulch on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Grain Maize Crop under Conventional and Alternate Furrow Irrigation Method
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Water Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-02-27), p. 924-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-02-27), p. 924-
    Abstract: Water scarcity in arid regions increases the need for technologies to improve water productivity. The integrated effects of plastic film mulching and water stress on grain maize under conventional and alternate furrow irrigation methods are still poorly understood in Sindh’s climate. Therefore, field trials were conducted at Malir farm, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Pakistan, during the cropping season 2020–2021 to investigate whether mulching is practicable for grain maize production under the different furrow irrigation methods. The experiments involved two types of furrow irrigation, two water stress levels (sufficient and severe water stress), and plastic film mulching. Treatments were laid out in a randomized block design and three replications. The conventional and alternate furrow irrigation method was assigned to the main plot, while the water stress and plastic film mulching were in sub-plots. The results showed that different furrow irrigation methods significantly affected plant growth, grain yield parameters, and crop harvest index. Significant highest plant growth and grain yield of maize crop were observed with the conventional furrow irrigation (CFI) compared with the alternate furrow irrigation (AFI) method. However, grain yield and irrigation water productivity (IWP) were increased significantly by the plastic film mulching. The results revealed that sufficient water stress was more effective in sustaining grain yield and IWP than crop irrigating at several water stresses. The interaction effect of furrow irrigation and water stress, furrow irrigation, and plastic film mulching significantly impacted the IWP of grain maize. The IWP of the maize crop was significantly higher under the AFI than the CFI method if it was mulched with plastic film and irrigated at sufficient water stress level.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w15050924
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vaccine Hesitancy and Perceptions of the Community about Polio in High-Risk Areas of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-12-28), p. 70-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-12-28), p. 70-
    Abstract: The study aimed to determine the reasons for polio vaccine hesitancy among parents of persistently missed children (PMCs) in the high-risk areas of Karachi, Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey of parents of PMCs was conducted in April 2019 in 34 high-risk union councils of Karachi. PMCs were randomly selected from the polio program database, and further information was collected on a questionnaire by trained staff using face-to-face interviews with parents of PMCs. A total of 325 participants were included in the study. Among refusals, 112 (37.3%) had no trust in vaccine quality, followed by 45 (15.0%) who were afraid of side effects, 42 (14.0%) whose elders did not allow polio vaccination, 39 (13.0%) who refused due to the influence of negative social media videos, and 20 (6.7%) who had no trust in polio teams. We concluded that misconception is still a big challenge, and the program needs to strive for community acceptance. Low levels of trust in vaccines and teams as well as fear of OPV side effects were among the main reason for vaccine hesitancy. The participant communities recommended involving famous medical doctors, religious influencers, and TV or sports stars to enhance knowledge and acceptance of polio vaccination.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010070
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An experience of mass administration of fractional dose inactivated polio vaccine through intradermal needle-free injectors in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  BMC Public Health Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Public Health, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) campaign was conducted in February 2019 in Karachi where needle-free injectors were introduced for the administration of the fractional dose of IPV (fIPV) on a large scale. This study aimed to determine the impact of needle-free injectors on vaccination coverage. Methods In four towns of Karachi, fIPV was given using needle-free injectors “PharmaJet Tropis ID”. Whereas, in six towns full dose of IPV was administered to children of 4–59 months of age. Cluster surveys through rapid convenience assessment method were conducted after the completion of vaccination activity. Results A total of 33,815 households’ data was analyzed. Among these, 27,650 (82.8%) children were vaccinated. In fIPV areas, 85.3% of children were vaccinated compared to 79.5% in full dose IPV areas. A comparison of reasons for unvaccinated showed that 1.6% of parents do not give importance to vaccination in fIPV areas compared to 4.2% in full IPV areas ( p -value 〈  0.0001). More children were not vaccinated due to fear of injection 1.8% in full IPV areas compared to 0.7% in fIPV areas ( p -value 〈  0.0001). The source of campaign information shows that more frequent mobile miking 3.1% was observed in fIPV areas compared to 0.4% in full IPV areas ( p -value 〈  0.0001). Conclusions Our analysis supports the fractional dose of IPV in mass campaigns to achieve good vaccination coverage especially using needle-free injectors “PharmaJet Tropis ID” and vigorous social mobilization activities are expedient in accomplishing high coverage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2458
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10041-8
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041338-5
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