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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The James Webb Space Telescope Mission
    IOP Publishing ; 2023
    In:  Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific Vol. 135, No. 1048 ( 2023-06-01), p. 068001-
    Details
    In: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, IOP Publishing, Vol. 135, No. 1048 ( 2023-06-01), p. 068001-
    Abstract: Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least 4 m. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the 6.5 m James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 yr, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6280 , 1538-3873
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1538-3873/acd1b5
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003100-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2207655-4
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prevalence of sexual dimorphism in mammalian phenotypic traits
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2017
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2017-06-26)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2017-06-26)
    Abstract: The role of sex in biomedical studies has often been overlooked, despite evidence of sexually dimorphic effects in some biological studies. Here, we used high-throughput phenotype data from 14,250 wildtype and 40,192 mutant mice (representing 2,186 knockout lines), analysed for up to 234 traits, and found a large proportion of mammalian traits both in wildtype and mutants are influenced by sex. This result has implications for interpreting disease phenotypes in animal models and humans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15475
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of genetic elements in metabolism by high-throughput mouse phenotyping
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2018-01-18)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2018-01-18)
    Abstract: Metabolic diseases are a worldwide problem but the underlying genetic factors and their relevance to metabolic disease remain incompletely understood. Genome-wide research is needed to characterize so-far unannotated mammalian metabolic genes. Here, we generate and analyze metabolic phenotypic data of 2016 knockout mouse strains under the aegis of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) and find 974 gene knockouts with strong metabolic phenotypes. 429 of those had no previous link to metabolism and 51 genes remain functionally completely unannotated. We compared human orthologues of these uncharacterized genes in five GWAS consortia and indeed 23 candidate genes are associated with metabolic disease. We further identify common regulatory elements in promoters of candidate genes. As each regulatory element is composed of several transcription factor binding sites, our data reveal an extensive metabolic phenotype-associated network of co-regulated genes. Our systematic mouse phenotype analysis thus paves the way for full functional annotation of the genome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01995-2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seasonality of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Communications Earth & Environment Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2023-05-25)
    Details
    In: Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2023-05-25)
    Abstract: Understanding the variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is essential for better predictions of our changing climate. Here we present an updated time series (August 2014 to June 2020) from the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program. The 6-year time series allows us to observe the seasonality of the subpolar overturning and meridional heat and freshwater transports. The overturning peaks in late spring and reaches a minimum in early winter, with a peak-to-trough range of 9.0 Sv. The overturning seasonal timing can be explained by winter transformation and the export of dense water, modulated by a seasonally varying Ekman transport. Furthermore, over 55% of the total meridional freshwater transport variability can be explained by its seasonality, largely owing to overturning dynamics. Our results provide the first observational analysis of seasonality in the subpolar North Atlantic overturning and highlight its important contribution to the total overturning variability observed to date.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2662-4435
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s43247-023-00848-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3037243-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Observed Deep Cyclonic Eddies around Southern Greenland
    American Meteorological Society ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography ( 2021-08-30)
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, ( 2021-08-30)
    Abstract: Recent mooring measurements from the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program have revealed abundant cyclonic eddies at both sides of Cape Farewell, the southern tip of Greenland. In this study, we present further observational evidence, from both Eulerian and Lagrangian perspectives, of deep cyclonic eddies with intense rotation ( 𝜁 / f 〉 1) around southern Greenland and into the Labrador Sea. Most of the observed cyclones exhibit strongest rotation below the surface (700-1000 dbar), where maximum azimuthal velocities are ~30 cm/s at radii of ~10 km, with rotational periods of 2-3 days. The cyclonic rotation can extend to the deep overflow water layer (below 1800 dbar), albeit with weaker azimuthal velocities (~10 cm/s) and longer rotational periods of about one week. Within the mid-depth rotation cores, the cyclones are in near solid-body rotation and have the potential to trap and transport water. The first high-resolution hydrographic transect across such a cyclone indicates that it is characterized by a local (both vertically and horizontally) potential vorticity maximum in its core and cold, fresh anomalies in the overflow water layer, suggesting its source as the Denmark Strait outflow. Additionally, the propagation and evolution of the cyclonic eddies are illustrated with deep Lagrangian floats, including their detachments from the boundary currents to the basin interior. Taken together, the combined Eulerian and Lagrangian observations have provided new insights on the boundary current variability and boundary-interior exchange over a geographically large scale near southern Greenland, calling for further investigations on the (sub)mesoscale dynamics in the region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-20-0288.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program: A New International Ocean Observing System
    American Meteorological Society ; 2017
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 98, No. 4 ( 2017-04-01), p. 737-752
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 98, No. 4 ( 2017-04-01), p. 737-752
    Abstract: For decades oceanographers have understood the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) to be primarily driven by changes in the production of deep-water formation in the subpolar and subarctic North Atlantic. Indeed, current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections of an AMOC slowdown in the twenty-first century based on climate models are attributed to the inhibition of deep convection in the North Atlantic. However, observational evidence for this linkage has been elusive: there has been no clear demonstration of AMOC variability in response to changes in deep-water formation. The motivation for understanding this linkage is compelling, since the overturning circulation has been shown to sequester heat and anthropogenic carbon in the deep ocean. Furthermore, AMOC variability is expected to impact this sequestration as well as have consequences for regional and global climates through its effect on the poleward transport of warm water. Motivated by the need for a mechanistic understanding of the AMOC, an international community has assembled an observing system, Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP), to provide a continuous record of the transbasin fluxes of heat, mass, and freshwater, and to link that record to convective activity and water mass transformation at high latitudes. OSNAP, in conjunction with the Rapid Climate Change–Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array (RAPID–MOCHA) at 26°N and other observational elements, will provide a comprehensive measure of the three-dimensional AMOC and an understanding of what drives its variability. The OSNAP observing system was fully deployed in the summer of 2014, and the first OSNAP data products are expected in the fall of 2017.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0057.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029396-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 419957-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Learning about ocean currents one track at a time
    Informa UK Limited ; 2021
    In:  Science Activities Vol. 58, No. 1 ( 2021-01-02), p. 13-22
    Details
    In: Science Activities, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 58, No. 1 ( 2021-01-02), p. 13-22
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8121 , 1940-1302
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/00368121.2021.1885333
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066997-5
    SSG: 5,3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Eddy Seeding in the Labrador Sea: A Submerged Autonomous Launch Platform Application
    American Meteorological Society ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Vol. 30, No. 11 ( 2013-11-01), p. 2611-2629
    Details
    In: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 30, No. 11 ( 2013-11-01), p. 2611-2629
    Abstract: Two submerged autonomous launch platforms (SALPs) were deployed at 500-m depth on a deep-water mooring in the northeastern Labrador Sea from 2007 to 2009 to automatically release profiling floats into passing warm-core anticyclonic Irminger Rings (IRs). The objective was to investigate the rings’ vertical structure and evolution as they drifted from their formation site near the western coast of Greenland to the area of deep convection in the south-central part of the basin. Mechanically and electronically, the SALP worked well: 10 out of 11 floats were successfully released from the mooring over 2 years. However, getting floats trapped in eddy cores using a preprogrammed release algorithm based on temperature and pressure (a proxy for current speed) measured by the SALPs met with limited success mainly because 1) the floats settled at a park pressure that was initially too deep, below the volume of water trapped in the eddy core; 2) the eddies translated past the mooring much more quickly than anticipated; and 3) there is a seasonal cycle in both background and eddy core temperature that was not known a priori and therefore not accounted for in the release algorithm. The other mooring instruments (100–3000 m) revealed that 12 anticyclones passed by the mooring in the 2-yr monitoring period. Using this independent information, the authors assessed and improved the release algorithm, still based on ocean conditions measured at one depth, and found that much better performance could have been achieved with an algorithm that allowed for faster eddy translation rates and the seasonal temperature cycle.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0739-0572 , 1520-0426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00069.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021720-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 48441-6
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structure of the Gulf Stream and Its Recirculations at 55°W
    American Meteorological Society ; 1996
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 26, No. 6 ( 1996-06), p. 1002-1022
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 26, No. 6 ( 1996-06), p. 1002-1022
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1996)026〈1002:SOTGSA〉2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mixing and Entrainment in the Red Sea Outflow Plume. Part I: Plume Structure
    American Meteorological Society ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 35, No. 5 ( 2005-05-01), p. 569-583
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 35, No. 5 ( 2005-05-01), p. 569-583
    Abstract: When the salty and heavy water of the Red Sea exits from the Strait of Bab el Mandeb, it continues downslope into the Gulf of Aden mainly along two channels. The 130-km-long “Northern Channel” (NC) is topographically confined and is typically only 5 km wide. In it, the Red Sea plume shows unanticipated patterns of vertical structure, turbulent mixing, and entrainment. Above the seafloor a 25–120-m-thick weakly stratified layer shows little dilution along the channel. Hence this bottom layer undergoes only weak entrainment. In contrast, a 35–285-m-thick interfacial layer shows stronger entrainment and is shown in a companion paper to undergo vigorous turbulent mixing. It is thus the interface that exhibits the bulk of entrainment of the Red Sea plume in the NC. The interfacial layer also carries most of the overall plume transport, increasingly so with downstream distance. The “Southern Channel” (SC) is wider than the NC and is accessed from the latter by a sill about 33 m above the floor of the NC. Entrainment into the bottom layer of the SC is diagnosed to be strong near the entry into the SC such that the near-bottom density and salinity are smaller in the SC than in the NC at the same distance from Bab el Mandeb. In comparison with winter conditions, the authors encountered weaker outflow with shallower equilibration depths during the summer cruise. Bulk Froude numbers computed for the whole plume varied within the range 0.2–1. Local maxima occurred in relatively steep channel sections and coincided with locations of significant entrainment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0485 , 0022-3670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO2679.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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