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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Benchmark to Analyze On-Field Performances: A Case From an Irrigation Scheme in Tunisia
    Canadian Center of Science and Education ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2021-05-15), p. 58-
    Details
    In: Journal of Agricultural Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2021-05-15), p. 58-
    Abstract: Irrigation systems entail interacting processes that should be considered when analyzing the performances of irrigated areas. When analyzing the cause of performance gaps, one may consider the effect of one factor without taking into account the effect of other influential ones. This study addresses the performance of irrigated areas using a global approach. The analysis includes different factors of the production process and examines the relationship between irrigation and the economic performances of farmers & rsquo; irrigated fields. Results showed that technical efficiency (TE), considered as our economic indicator, evaluating the degree to which the inputs are used efficiently, was about 0.85 for fruit orchards, tomato, wheat and 0.66 for olive trees. The on-farm water distribution efficiency (Efarm) that evaluates water lost during its transport to plots was poor and can decrease to 36%. A great potential for improving water management exists. Efarm was not a significant factor for TE. So, Efarm causing substantial water waste has no significant impact on economic performance, the main concern of the farmer. However the easy access to water was a significant factor for TE (p-value & lt; 0.032 in all the cases). The easy access to water is a possible lever for improvement. & nbsp; We pointed out that irrigation performance in the studied area has no significant impact on economic performance. There is a divergence between the farmer & rsquo;s interest (the economic efficiency) and the community & rsquo;s objective to save water through better irrigation performance. Government efforts to provide incentives for farmers for better water management seem to have born no fruit. This study argues for the use of a bechmarking in building global representation adapted to the actual local context. The analysis approch suggests that more attention should be paid to the & ldquo;water saving program & rdquo; of Tunisia, by subsidising irrigation investments in a better way and focusing on subsidies that create the most of economic growth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1916-9760 , 1916-9752
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5539/jas.v13n6p58
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Canadian Center of Science and Education
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2501913-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of Saline Water Irrigation (SWI) on Water Use Efficiency of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Under Tunisian Semi-arid Conditions
    Canadian Center of Science and Education ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-04-15), p. 57-
    Details
    In: Journal of Agricultural Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-04-15), p. 57-
    Abstract: This study was carried out in Cherfech Tunisia, at the experimental station of the National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF) during the growing season 2015. The main objectives are quantifying and valuing the Water consumption (WC) and Water Use Efficiency of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), under saline water irrigation at different concentrations (T0 = 1.2 dS m-1, T1 = 9.2 dS m-1 and T2 = 18 dS m-1). The TDM decreased from 6.7 to 13.4% due to the increase in the salt concentration of the irrigation water from 9.2 to 18 dS m-1. A reduction of 9.8 to 12.6% was marked for treatments T1 and T2. Also, the WUE PR-anthesis has registered a decrease of 8 and 12.5% respectively for T1 (WUEPR = 10.3 kg m-3) and T2 (WUEPR = 9.8 kg m-3) compared with the control T0 (WUEPR =11.2 kg m-3). However, irrigation water salinity showed no effect on the WUE post-anthesis T0 and T1 (WUEPS = 3 kg m-3). Nevertheless, a decrease about 15% was recorded in the T2 (WUEPS = 2.5 kg m-3). At harvest, the highest, WUETDM (5.43 kg m-3) was recorded under T0. However, the lowest WUETDM (5 kg m-3) was marked under T2; a decline of 7.9% was marked. Besides, the uppermost WUEGY (2.09 kg m-3) was recorded under T0. However, the smallest amount of WUEGY (1.1 kg m-3) was recorded under T2. A lessen of 47.4% was manifested on WUEGY due to the height reduction on yield in the T2.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1916-9760 , 1916-9752
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5539/jas.v15n5p57
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Canadian Center of Science and Education
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Best Irrigation Practices Designed for Pesticides Use to Reduce Environmental Impact on Groundwater Resource in the Tunisian Context
    Canadian Center of Science and Education ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2016-06-08), p. 142-
    Details
    In: Journal of Agricultural Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2016-06-08), p. 142-
    Abstract: 〈 p 〉 The irrigated areas in Tunisia were esteemed in 2010 to over 420 thousand hectares and represents 8% of farmland, this little area providing 35% of the total crop production. This situation makes it exert enormous pressure on the irrigated sector that his intensification is very associated to increased inputs including especially pesticides. However, the irrational use and abuse of pesticides associated with an inadequate irrigation system management are a great threat of contamination to groundwater resources and constitute one of the greatest challenges facing Tunisian government today. According to FAO, 2013, the adoption of the concept of best practices can meet this challenge. These best practices are not only a practice that are best, but a practices that have been proven to work well and produce good results, and are therefore recommended as a model. This paper aims to analyze in a framework of global environmental approach, the role of the best irrigation practices (BIPs) to reduce environmental impact on groundwater resource. Finally, it was proposed a set of best irrigation practices completed by the technical recommendations for limiting the environmental impact of pesticide in groundwater resource. 〈 /p 〉
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1916-9760 , 1916-9752
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5539/jas.v8n7p142
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Canadian Center of Science and Education
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of sprayer parameters and wind speed on spray retention and soil deposits of pesticides: Case of artichoke cultivar
    Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Plant Protection Science Vol. 57, No. 4 ( 2021-9-26), p. 333-343
    Details
    In: Plant Protection Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Vol. 57, No. 4 ( 2021-9-26), p. 333-343
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1212-2580 , 1805-9341
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.17221/29/2021-PPS
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2145673-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Three Soil Tillage Practices on Soil Organic Matter and Nutrient in Any Semi-Arid Area in Tunisia
    Scholar Publishing ; 2020
    In:  Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal Vol. 7, No. 12 ( 2020-12-21), p. 110-120
    Details
    In: Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, Scholar Publishing, Vol. 7, No. 12 ( 2020-12-21), p. 110-120
    Abstract: The distribution of soil organic matter (SOM), nitrogen (N), potassium (K), total calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and pH was studied in relation to three soil tillage practices: conventional (CT) using  mouldboad plough followed by three crossing of off-set disc harrow, tooth harrow and seed drill, Reduced (RT) using a chisel, and no-till (NT) using direct driller and 2 plant species: Vicia faba and Durum wheat,  grown in a clayey soil of the semi-arid region of Kef (North western Tunisia) during three years  2009-2011. Results showed that, under NT, Vicia faba increased SOM and N in the first fifteen centimeters by 20% and 84% respectively as compared to the CT, and reduced soil pH by 0.1 unit. Indeed, Vicia faba benefited from the residues of the Durum wheat. In contrast, CT buried the residues of the previous crop increasing the rate of SOM and N in the subsoil (30-45 cm depth). This made clear that NT, had the benefit of improving top-soil fertility and putting soil nutrients at the reach of the Vicia faba plant roots. Moreover, NT increased the concentration of K in the top-soil which helped seedlings and young plants resisting biotic and non biotic stresses imposed by the semi-arid environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2055-0286
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.14738/assrj.712.2020
    DOI: 10.14738/assrj.712.9308
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Scholar Publishing
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2948025-5
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of Salinity on the Radiation Use Efficiency of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in Semi-arid Area in Tunisia
    Canadian Center of Science and Education ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-04-15), p. 67-
    Details
    In: Journal of Agricultural Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-04-15), p. 67-
    Abstract: The impact of three level of salinity (T0 = 1.2 dS m-1, T1 = 9.2 dS m-1 and T2 = 18 dS m-1) on photosynthetically active radiation intercepted (PARabs), Radiation Use Efficiency at pre-anthesis and post-anthesis (RUEPR and RUEPS), Radiation Use Efficiency of total dry biomass (RUETDM) and Radiation Use Efficiency of Grain Yield (RUEGY) at quinoa harvest were investigated during the growing season (2015). The RUE pre-anthesis (from transplanting to anthesis) has registered a decrease of 10.8 and 15.8% respectively in T1 (RUEPR = 4.62 g MJ-1) and T2 (RUEPR = 4.36 g MJ-1) compared to the control T0 (RUEPR = 5.18 g MJ-1). Likewise, the RUE post-anthesis was reduced by 8.9 and 32.1% in T1 (RUEPS = 1.23 g MJ-1) and in T2 (RUEPS = 0.91 g MJ-1), dissimilarity to T0 (RUEPS = 1.35 g MJ-1). The maximum RUETDM (3.2 g MJ-1) was manifested in (T0). However, the minimum RUETDM (2.8 g MJ-1) was observed in T2 (S = 18 dS m-1). A decline of 16.1% was observed in RUETDM due to the reduction on TDM from T0 (S = 1.2 dS m-1) to T2 (S = 18 dS m-1). As well, the RUEGY declined when salinity increased. The highest RUEGY (1.24 g MJ-1) was registered in T0. However, the lowest RUEGY (0.62 g MJ-1) was obtained in T2. A decrease of 50% in RUEGY due to the height reduction on yield was observed in the T2.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1916-9760 , 1916-9752
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5539/jas.v15n5p67
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Canadian Center of Science and Education
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2501913-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Partial Root-Zone Drying Irrigation Technique (PRD) on the Total Dry Matter, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Potato under Tunisian Semi-Arid Conditions
    Canadian Center of Science and Education ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2016-06-08), p. 129-
    Details
    In: Journal of Agricultural Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2016-06-08), p. 129-
    Abstract: 〈 p 〉 Three field experiments were conducted in the plot of Technical Centre for Potato and Artichoke during three cropping season  2009, 2010 and 2011.The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of the partial root-zone drying irrigation technique (PRD) on the dry matter, yield, water consumption and water use efficiency of potato (Spunta Variety). Four treatments were applied from the initiation of tuberisation stage to potato harvesting: FI treatment received 100% of Etc; PRD 〈 sub 〉 80 〈 /sub 〉 , PRD 〈 sub 〉 70 〈 /sub 〉 , and PRD 〈 sub 〉 60 〈 /sub 〉 treatments received respectively: 80, 70 and 60% of FI at each irrigation event and it was shifted between the two sides of the plants every 2 to 10 days. The highest water consumption was observed in FI as 336.5, 376, and 341.8 mm in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively, and the lowest was found in PRD 〈 sub 〉 60 〈 /sub 〉 as 280.4, 294.5, and 256.1 mm in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively. The maximum tuber yield was obtained from the FI as 25.6, 42.9 and 39.1 tha 〈 sup 〉 -1 〈 /sup 〉 , in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively. There was no significant difference between FI and PRD 〈 sub 〉 60 〈 /sub 〉 with respect to tuber yields (LSD 5%).The highest water use efficiency (WUE 〈 sub 〉 Y 〈 /sub 〉 ) was found in PRD 〈 sub 〉 60 〈 /sub 〉 as 13.4 kg m 〈 sup 〉 -3 〈 /sup 〉 , in the second experiment (2010) and the lowest was found in PRD 〈 sub 〉 80 〈 /sub 〉 as 6.8 kg m 〈 sup 〉 -3 〈 /sup 〉 in the first experiment (2009). In the other hand, a linear relation between the accumulated total dry matter and the accumulated water consumption was able to be revealed. 〈 /p 〉
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1916-9760 , 1916-9752
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5539/jas.v8n7p129
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Canadian Center of Science and Education
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Deposition of Pesticide to the Soil and Plant Retention During Crop Spraying: The Art State
    Canadian Center of Science and Education ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2018-11-15), p. 104-
    Details
    In: Journal of Agricultural Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2018-11-15), p. 104-
    Abstract: Environment pollution related to pesticides has been confirmed by the scientific community for a long time, but the available information on the impact of this phenomenon on human health and the ecosystem are still insufficient. Contamination of the environment can occur through various pathways, ground deposits during the application of pesticides to crops are one of those pathways. The retention rate of sprayed droplets is an important factor both for the efficacy of the phytosanitary treatment and the quantities of lost pesticides on the ground. This paper presents an overview of factors that affect spray droplet behavior, involved process in sprayed drop fate and the mainly techniques for measuring pesticide deposits to the ground and plant retention. We present studies that have focused on pesticide retention and soil deposition during crop spraying in relation to sprayer equipment, used formulation and climatic factors. Plant retention and pesticide deposits during spray is a complex problem depending mainly on physical sprayer parameters, climatic conditions, spray properties and chemical formulation. By illustrating the large variety of analytical methods during the recently years, it aims to explain that it is always possible to assess the impact of pesticides in all compartments of the environment. The use of concerned molecules and natural collectors is the safest to evaluate the real situation, but the use of tracers and artificial targets is both very reported and safety for the environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1916-9760 , 1916-9752
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5539/jas.v10n12p104
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Canadian Center of Science and Education
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Simulation of Water and Salt Dynamics in the Soil Profile in the Semi-Arid Region of Tunisia—Evaluation of the Irrigation Method for a Tomato Crop
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Water Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2020-06-03), p. 1594-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2020-06-03), p. 1594-
    Abstract: In Tunisia, water used for irrigation is often saline, increasing the risk of salinization for soils and crops. In this study, an experiment was conducted on a tomato crop cultivated on a silty-clay soil irrigated with three different water qualities: 0, 3.5, and 7 dS·m−1. Experimental data were then used to calibrate and validate the Hydrus-1D model, which simulates water flow and salt transfer in soils. The successfully-calibrated and validated model was then used to study the combined effects of the soil osmotic and soil matrix potentials on root water uptake. The values of the root mean square error (RMSE), the coefficient of determination (CD), the modeling efficiency (EF), and the coefficient of residual mass (CRM) were close to their optimal values for both soil water content and soil electrical conductivity profiles, indicating the reliability of the model to reproduce water and salt dynamics. Relative yields (Yr), indirectly estimated using actual and potential root water uptake (transpiration), indicated that the multiplicative stress response model (using the S-shape model) satisfactorily simulates measured yields and reproduces the effects of irrigation with saline waters on crop yields. An alternative scenario using a reduction of water requirements by 50% was investigated to assess an irrigation method with considerable water savings. As the results show that relative yields, Yr, were only slightly reduced, the crop water requirements estimated by CROPWAT 8.0 must have been overestimated. The variation of the soil salinity in the root zone highlighted a high salinization risk in the short-term when water of 7 dS·m−1 is used for irrigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w12061594
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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