In:
Blood, American Society of Hematology, Vol. 116, No. 21 ( 2010-11-19), p. 2131-2131
Abstract:
Abstract 2131 Background. Some studies have shown how the use of pediatric-type therapy (PDT) and minimal residual disease (MRD)-oriented programs could improve outcome of adult ALL. Study Design. We included PDT elements in a pilot trial started January, 2008. Protocol 10/07 consisted of standard induction and late reinduction courses plus 3 PDT blocks (modified after BFM therapy) alternating with 3 lineage-targeted Methotrexate (LTM) blocks (B-precursor: 2.5 g/m2; T-precursor: 5 g/m2; Ph+ or age 〉 55 years: 1.5 g/m2). LTM targeted a Methotrexate plasma concentration of ∼35 and ∼65 micromol/L in B- and T-ALL, respectively, in line with a therapeutic concept developed at St. Jude's Hospital (Memphis, TN, USA) in childhood ALL. The program was integrated by (a) a randomised, radiation-free central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis study comparing intrathecal Methotrexate, Ara-C, and Prednisone (×12) vs. liposomal Ara-C (DepoCyte 50 mg, ×6 [B-ALL]-8 [T-ALL] ); (b) the molecular evaluation of MRD at pre-fixed treatment weeks (w), to optimise risk stratification and indications for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT); and (c) by concurrent imatinib in patients with Ph+ ALL. The whole chemotherapy plus MRD study sequence was as follows: prephase (Prednisone, Cyclophosphamide) → induction (Idarubicin, Vincristine, Asparaginase, Dexamethasone) + w4 MRD → PDT1 (Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, Idarubicin, Dexamethasone, Ara-C, 6-mercaptopurine) → LTM1 (plus high-dose Ara-C) + w10 MRD → PDT2 → LTM2 (plus Asparaginase) + w16 MRD → PDT3 → LTM3 (plus HD Ara-C) + w22 MRD → reinduction (Idarubicin, Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide, Dexamethasone). CNS prophylaxis was administered only during PDT blocks, with a minimum interval 〉 15 days from/to LTM cycles. Risk classes were standard (SR: pre-B and WBC 〈 30; cortical T and WBC 〈 100; CR at cycle 1) and high (HR: other subsets). Allo-SCT was prescribed as soon as possible to all patients with Ph/t(4;11)+ ALL or other highly adverse cytogenetics; with WBC 〉 100, or CD1a-negative early or mature T phenotype; and to SR/HR patients with MRD 〉 10-4 after LTM1 (w10) or detectable at any level after LTM3 (w22). Autologous SCT followed by maintenance was a suitable alternative when allo-SCT was not feasible. All patients not eligible to frontline allo-SCT and with low positive ( 〈 10-4) or negative MRD results were submitted to standard maintenance. Results. Seventy-five of 81 evaluable patients (median age 40 years [range 18–65], 54% male, 23% T-ALL, 60% HR, 20% Ph+) achieved CR (92.5%); 55 of them (73.5%) were alive in CR1 at time of interim analysis (April, 2010). Sixteen patients relapsed (21.5%) and four died in CR of therapy-related complications (one after allo-SCT and 3 aged 〉 55 years after a PDT cycle). With a maximum follow-up slightly 〉 2 years (27.5 mos.), projected overall survival (OS) at 1.5 years is 73% (95% CI 57%-83%), and disease-free survival (DFS) 66% (95% CI 52%-77%). The best results were observed in patients aged 55 years and less (n=65, OS 79%) and those with T-ALL (n=20, OS 86%). These findings correlated well with a favourable early MRD response in Ph-negative subsets: 49% of evaluable cases achieved a major MRD response ( 〈 10-4) at end of induction cycle (w4: MRD negative 6/13 T [46%] vs. 7/24 B [29%] ; 〈 10-4 2 T and 3 B; overall 61.5% T and 42% B), as did 64% of the patients after LTM1 (w10: MRD negative 11/15 T [73%] and 16/27 B [59%] ; 〈 10-4 2 T and 1 B; overall 87% T and 63% B). MRD results were predictive of CR durability. Pooled MRD data from all time-points (w4-22) indicated a probability of CR of 92% in 18 patients with all results 〈 10-4 vs. 60% in 19 patients with at least one MRD value 〉 10-4 (P=0.039). The flexible risk- and MRD-adapted SCT policy resulted in high early transplantability rate in patients with this indication (70% in T-ALL). Finally, the randomised CNS prophylaxis trial preliminarily confirmed the feasibility of intrathecal DepoCyte as planned (total randomised patients = 57). Conclusions. This regimen was highly active, yielding a 〉 90% CR rate in unselected adults aged up to 65 years, with a major early MRD response of 63% in Ph-negative B-ALL and 87% in T-ALL. The toxicity observed after PDT blocks in a first group of patients aged 〉 55 years required a reduction of PDT dose intensity in this age group. LTM therapy proved feasible, up to 5 g/m2 in T-ALL, and remarkable early OS/DFS rates were obtained in T-ALL and in unselected patients aged 〈 55 years. Disclosures: Bassan: Mundipharma: Consultancy, Research Funding. Off Label Use: Study is devoted to assess feasibility/toxicity/value of intrathecal liposome-encapsulated cytarabine (DepoCyte) vs standard intrathecal therapy as prophylaxis of CNS recurrence in adult ALL.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0006-4971
,
1528-0020
DOI:
10.1182/blood.V116.21.2131.2131
Language:
English
Publisher:
American Society of Hematology
Publication Date:
2010
detail.hit.zdb_id:
1468538-3
detail.hit.zdb_id:
80069-7
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