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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genotypic effect on fruit production and quality, antioxidant content and elemental composition of organically grown Physalis angulata L. and Physalis pubescens L.
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2018
    In:  Folia Horticulturae Vol. 30, No. 2 ( 2018-12-01), p. 367-374
    Details
    In: Folia Horticulturae, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 30, No. 2 ( 2018-12-01), p. 367-374
    Abstract: Research was carried out in northern Europe (Russia) with the purpose of assessing the yield, quality, biologically active compounds and elemental composition of Physalis angulata and Physalis pubescens fruits. P. angulata cultivars ‘Konditer’ and ‘Konditer 2’ gave the highest yield and mean fruit weight (11.2 t ha −1 and 75 g, on average), whereas P. pubescens variety Zolotaya Rossip had the worst outcome as it produced the smallest berries (3 g). ‘Zolotaya Rossip’ fruits attained the highest values of dry matter and soluble solids, while ‘Violet’ and ‘Korolek’ the highest polyphenol and ascorbic acid concentrations, respectively. Organic acid composition of Physalis fruits revealed high varietal differences and predominant accumulation of tartaric and malic acids. Positive correlations were recorded between dry matter and polyphenols, as well as between Fe and Mn, but an adverse correlation between Si and Cd content. Physalis fruits showed to be a good source of beneficial compounds for human beings, such as polyphenols and ascorbic acid, as well as mineral nutrients, i.e. K, Mg, P, B, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Si, V and Zn.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2083-5965
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2018-0032
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2569108-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Spaceflight on Tomato Seed Quality and Biochemical Characteristics of Mature Plants
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Horticulturae Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2021-04-22), p. 89-
    Details
    In: Horticulturae, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2021-04-22), p. 89-
    Abstract: Intensive space exploration includes profound investigations on the effect of weightlessness and cosmic radiation on plant growth and development. Tomato seeds are often used in such experiments though up to date the results have given rather vague information about biochemical changes in mature plants grown from seeds subjected to spaceflight. The effect of half a year of storage in the International Space Station (ISS) on tomato seeds (cultivar Podmoskovny ranny) was studied by analyzing the biochemical characteristics and mineral content of mature plants grown from these seeds both in greenhouse and field conditions. A significant increase was recorded in ascorbic acid, polyphenol and carotenoid contents, and total antioxidant activity (AOA), with higher changes in the field conditions compared to greenhouse. Contrary to control plants, the ones derived from space-stored seeds demonstrated a significant decrease in root AOA. The latter plants also showed a higher yield, but lower content of fruit dry matter, sugars, total dissolved solids and organic acids. The fruits of plants derived from space-stored seeds demonstrated decreased levels of Fe, Cu and taste index. The described results reflect the existence of oxidative stress in mature tomato plants as a long-term consequence of the effect of spaceflight on seed quality, whereas the higher yield may be attributed to genetic modifications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-7524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7050089
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813983-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prospects of the Application of Garlic Extracts and Selenium and Silicon Compounds for Plant Protection against Herbivorous Pests: A Review
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-01-05), p. 64-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-01-05), p. 64-
    Abstract: Protection of plants against herbivorous pests is an important aspect that guarantees agricultural efficiency, i.e., food provision to populations. Environmental, water and foodstuff pollution by toxic pesticides, along with climate changes, highlight the necessity to achieve intensive development of ecologically safe methods of herbivory control. This review discusses modern methods of plant protection against insect pests: the biofortification of plants with selenium, treatment of plants with bulk and nano-silicon, and utilization of garlic extracts. The peculiarities of such methods of defense are described in relation to growth stimulation as well as increasing the yield and nutritional value of products. Direct defense methods, i.e., mechanical, hormonal, through secondary metabolites and/or mineral element accumulation, and indirect defense via predator attraction are discussed. Examples of herbivorous pest control during plant growth and grain/seed storage are emphasized. A comparison of sodium selenate, silicon containing fertilizer (Siliplant) and garlic extract efficiency is analyzed on Raphanus sativus var. lobo infested with the cruciferous gall midge Contarinia nasturtii, indicating the quick annihilation of pests as a result of the foliar application of garlic extract or silicon-containing fertilizer, Siliplant.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12010064
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651678-0
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Joint Cultivation of Allium ursinum and Armoracia rusticana under Foliar Sodium Selenate Supply
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 20 ( 2022-10-20), p. 2778-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 20 ( 2022-10-20), p. 2778-
    Abstract: Despite the high value of ramson (Allium ursinum) in medicine and nutrition, it is not cultivated in open fields due to the need for shading as well as weeding during the early crop stages. Research was carried out in an open field with the aim to improve A. ursinum growth, through its intercropping with Armoracia rusticana (horseradish). In the latter context, with and without sodium selenate application, ramson and horseradish showed reciprocal growth stimulation, as ramson biomass increased by 1.28 times and horseradish root biomass by 1.7 times. The biofortification level of horseradish roots increased from 5.9 to 9.6 times due to joint plant growth under selenium (Se) supply. The opposite phenomenon was recorded for ramson leaves, as the biofortification level decreased from 11.7 in the case of Se supplementation to 6.7 in plants supplied with sodium selenate when jointly cultivated with horseradish. Among the tested antioxidants, the highest increase due to joint cultivation and/or Se supply was recorded for ascorbic acid by 1.69 times in ramson leaves and 1.48 and 1.37 times in horseradish roots and leaves, respectively. All treatments significantly increased the total antioxidant activity (AOA) of horseradish leaves (by 1.33–1.49 times) but not roots. Comparison of the results obtained in field conditions with those obtained earlier for the Se biofortification of ramson in the natural habitat (forest) revealed significantly higher levels of the plant’s antioxidant status under environmental stress (field) and a decrease in the correspondent differences as a consequence of Se biofortification. The estimation of allelopathic beneficial interaction between ramson and horseradish implies the efficiency of ramson growth and production of functional food with high levels of Se (Se–ramson leaves and Se–horseradish roots).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11202778
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Varietal Differences in Juice, Pomace and Root Biochemical Characteristics of Four Rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum L.) Cultivars
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  BioTech Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2023-01-19), p. 12-
    Details
    In: BioTech, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2023-01-19), p. 12-
    Abstract: The complex evaluation of varietal biochemical differences in rhubarb juice, pomace and roots is highly useful to develop an efficient processing technology. Research was carried out to compare four rhubarb cultivars (Malakhit, Krupnochereshkovy, Upryamets and Zaryanka) in terms of the quality and antioxidant parameters of juice, pomace and roots. The laboratory analyses showed a high juice yield (75–82%) with a relatively high content of ascorbic acid (125–164 mg L−1) and other organic acids (16–21 g L−1). Citric, oxalic and succinic acids accounted for 98% of the total acids amount. The juice of the cultivar Upryamets demonstrated high levels of the natural preservatives sorbic (36.2 mg L−1) and benzoic acids (11.7 mg L−1), which are highly valuable in juice production. The juice pomace proved to be an excellent source of pectin and dietary fiber, whose concentrations reached 21–24% and 59–64%, respectively. The total antioxidant activity decreased according to the following sequence: root pulp (161–232 mg GAE g−1 d.w.) 〉 root peel (115–170 mg GAE g−1 d.w.) 〉 juice pomace (28.3–34.4 mg GAE g−1 d.w.) 〉 juice (4.4–7.6 mg GAE g−1 f.w.), suggesting that root pulp is a highly valuable antioxidant source. The results of this research highlight the interesting prospects of the complex rhubarb plant processing for the production of juice, containing a wide spectrum of organic acids and natural stabilizers (sorbic and benzoic acids), dietary fiber and pectin (juice pomace) and natural antioxidants (roots).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-6284
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biotech12010012
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3056390-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Yield, Quality, Antioxidants and Elemental Composition of New Leek Cultivars under Greenhouse Organic or Conventional System
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Horticulturae Vol. 4, No. 4 ( 2018-11-12), p. 39-
    Details
    In: Horticulturae, MDPI AG, Vol. 4, No. 4 ( 2018-11-12), p. 39-
    Abstract: A. porrum is known due to its high antioxidant activity and the ability to accumulate significant amount of potassium and iron. We assessed yield, quality indicators, antioxidants and elemental composition of nine leek cultivars grown in greenhouse under organic or conventional system in Moscow region. The farming system did not affect yield, which attained the highest value with the cultivar Giraffe and the lowest with Premier and Cazimir. Pseudo-stem dry matter and sugars were favourably affected by organic management, whereas nitrate concentration was enhanced by conventional farming. The cultivars Vesta and Summer breeze showed the highest dry matter and total sugar content, whereas Goliath had the highest antioxidant, selenium and potassium concentration. Among the antioxidants, ascorbic acid attained higher values with the organic management. The antioxidant system of A porrum was characterized by highly significant positive correlations between: Se and polyphenols, Se and ascorbic acid, Se and K, ascorbic acid and polyphenols, ascorbic acid and K, polyphenols and K (r = 0.94, 0.94, 0.95, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, respectively, at P ≤ 0.001). Negative correlations were recorded between leaf and pseudo-stem Se and between leaf and pseudo-stem polyphenols (r = −0.922 and −0.976 respectively, at P ≤ 0.001). Among the mineral elements, only K was significantly affected by the farming system, showing higher content in organically grown pseudo-stems. Intervarietal differences in pseudo-stem element composition showed strong positive correlations of: Al with As, Co, Li, Pb and V; Cr with I, Mg, Si, Ca; V with As, Co and Fe; negative correlations of Se with Cr and I. Compared to related specie such as A. sativum, A. porrum accumulated equal to garlic levels of K, Mg, P, Cd, Cu, Mn, Se, Zn, lower levels of Si and significantly higher amounts of Ca, Na, Al, As, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, Sn, B, Co, Fe, I, Li. The strong relationships between quality, antioxidant and mineral components in leek plants may give wide possibilities in breeding programs under both conventional and organic system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-7524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae4040039
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Effect of Sodium Selenate and Selenocystine on Savoy Cabbage Yield, Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics under Chlorella Supply
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Plants Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-02-23), p. 1020-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-02-23), p. 1020-
    Abstract: Biofortification of Brassica oleracea with selenium (Se) is highly valuable both for human Se status optimization and functional food production with direct anti-carcinogenic activity. To assess the effects of organic and inorganic Se supply for biofortifying Brassica representatives, foliar applications of sodium selenate and selenocystine (SeCys2) were performed on Savoy cabbage treated with the growth stimulator microalgae Chlorella. Compared to sodium selenate, SeCys2 exerted a stronger growth stimulation of heads (1.3 against 1.14 times) and an increase of leaf concentration of chlorophyll (1.56 against 1.2 times) and ascorbic acid (1.37 against 1.27 times). Head density was reduced by 1.22 times by foliar application of sodium selenate and by 1.58 times by SeCys2. Despite the greater growth stimulation effect of SeCys2, its application resulted in lower biofortification levels (2.9 times) compared to sodium selenate (11.6 times). Se concentration decreased according to the following sequence: leaves 〉 roots 〉 head. The antioxidant activity (AOA) was higher in water extracts compared to the ethanol ones in the heads, but the opposite trend was recorded in the leaves. Chlorella supply significantly increased the efficiency of biofortification with sodium selenate (by 1.57 times) but had no effect in the case of SeCys2 application. Positive correlations were found between leaf and head weight (r = 0.621); head weight and Se content under selenate supply (r = 0.897–0.954); leaf ascorbic acid and total yield (r = 0.559), and chlorophyll (r = +0.83–0.89). Significant varietal differences were recorded for all the parameters examined. The broad comparison performed between the effects of selenate and SeCys2 showed significant genetic differences as well as important peculiarities connected with the Se chemical form and its complex interaction with Chlorella treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants12051020
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Effect of Foliar Application of Sodium Selenate on Mineral Relationships in Brassicaceae Crops
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Horticulturae Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2023-04-27), p. 535-
    Details
    In: Horticulturae, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2023-04-27), p. 535-
    Abstract: The relationships of selenium (Se) with other elements in plants is important for producing functional food with high Se contents and a predicted quality. To unveil the peculiarities of the element interactions, eight botanical varieties of Brassica oleracea L. were grown in similar conditions with or without foliar application of sodium selenate. High varietal differences, elicited by the Se supply, were recorded with regard to the accumulation of the elements examined, except for Mg, P and Si. Cabbage florets (broccoli and cauliflower) were characterized by both the lowest total mineral content and number of elements showing content changes under the Se supply (7–8 out of 25), whereas in Savoy cabbage, the highest number of minerals displayed content changes (13–14 from 25). The Se treatment did not significantly interfere with the high correlation coefficients recorded between Sr–Ca, Co–Ni and Zn–Mg (0.824–0.952). The selenium biofortification value varied from 12 to 138 depending on the species and was inversely correlated with the Si accumulation in the control plants (r = −0.872, p 〈 0.001). A significant decrease in the correlation coefficients occurred due to the Se supply regarding Zn with P and Co, Ca with Co and Li, Li and V, and Na and Sn, while the V–Pb relationship was significantly enhanced. Among the 25 elements studied, Cr demonstrated the highest number of significant correlation coefficient changes (with K, Na, P, Si, Zn, Cu, Co, I, As, Pb, and V). The results of this research prove the variability of the element interactions under foliar Se treatments in Brassica oleracea plants and reveal, for the first time, an inverse correlation between the Se biofortification level and Si content in untreated plants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-7524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae9050535
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813983-5
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