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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Statistical Characterization and Modeling of Raindrop Spectra Time Series for Different Climatological Regions
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; 2008
    In:  IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing Vol. 46, No. 10 ( 2008-10), p. 2778-2787
    Details
    In: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Vol. 46, No. 10 ( 2008-10), p. 2778-2787
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0196-2892
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2000652
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027520-1
    SSG: 16,13
    SSG: 13
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of X-Band Polarimetric-Radar Estimates of Drop-Size Distributions From Coincident S-Band Polarimetric Estimates and Measured Raindrop Spectra
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; 2008
    In:  IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing Vol. 46, No. 10 ( 2008-10), p. 3067-3075
    Details
    In: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Vol. 46, No. 10 ( 2008-10), p. 3067-3075
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0196-2892
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2000757
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027520-1
    SSG: 16,13
    SSG: 13
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Correction of Polarimetric Radar Reflectivity Measurements and Rainfall Estimates for Apparent Vertical Profile in Stratiform Rain
    American Meteorological Society ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Vol. 52, No. 5 ( 2013-05), p. 1170-1186
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 52, No. 5 ( 2013-05), p. 1170-1186
    Abstract: A method for correcting the vertical profile of reflectivity measurements and rainfall estimates (VPR) in plan position indicator (PPI) scans of polarimetric weather radars in the melting layer and the snow layer during stratiform rain is presented. The method for the detection of the boundaries of the melting layer is based on the well-established characteristic of local minimum of copolar correlation coefficient in the melting layer. This method is applied to PPI scans instead of a beam-by-beam basis with the addition of new acceptance criteria adapted to the radar used in this study. An apparent vertical profile of reflectivity measurements, or rainfall estimate, is calculated by averaging the range profiles from all of the available azimuth directions in each PPI scan. The height of each profile is properly scaled with melting-layer boundaries, and the reflectivity, or rainfall estimate, is normalized with respect to its value at the lower boundary of the melting layer. This approach allows variations of the melting-layer boundaries in space and time and variations of the shape of the apparent VPR in time. The application of the VPR correction to reflectivity and rainfall estimates from a reflectivity–rainfall algorithm and a polarimetric algorithm showed that this VPR correction method effectively removes the bias that is due to the brightband effect in PPI scans. It performs also satisfactorily in the snow region, removing the decrease of the observed VPR with range but with an overestimation by 2 dB or more. This method does not require a tuning using climatological data, and it can be applied on any algorithm for rainfall estimation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1558-8424 , 1558-8432
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0140.1
    RVK:
    UA 4547
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227779-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227759-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of Raindrop Size Distribution Estimates From X-Band and S-Band Polarimetric Observations
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; 2007
    In:  IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters Vol. 4, No. 4 ( 2007-10), p. 601-605
    Details
    In: IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Vol. 4, No. 4 ( 2007-10), p. 601-605
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1545-598X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2007.903061
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2138738-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial averaging of oceanic rainfall variability using underwater sound: Ionian sea rainfall experiment 2004
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2008
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 123, No. 4 ( 2008-04-01), p. 1952-1962
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 123, No. 4 ( 2008-04-01), p. 1952-1962
    Abstract: An experiment to evaluate the inherent spatial averaging of the underwater acoustic signal from rainfall was conducted in the winter of 2004 in the Ionian Sea southwest of Greece. A mooring with four passive aquatic listeners (PALs) at 60, 200, 1000, and 2000m was deployed at 36.85°N, 21.52°E, 17km west of a dual-polarization X-band coastal radar at Methoni, Greece. The acoustic signal is classified into wind, rain, shipping, and whale categories. It is similar at all depths and rainfall is detected at all depths. A signal that is consistent with the clicking of deep-diving beaked whales is present 2% of the time, although there was no visual confirmation of whale presence. Co-detection of rainfall with the radar verifies that the acoustic detection of rainfall is excellent. Once detection is made, the correlation between acoustic and radar rainfall rates is high. Spatial averaging of the radar rainfall rates in concentric circles over the mooring verifies the larger inherent spatial averaging of the rainfall signal with recording depth. For the PAL at 2000m, the maximum correlation was at 3–4km, suggesting a listening area for the acoustic rainfall measurement of roughly 30–50km2.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.2871485
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Monitoring Greek Seas Using Passive Underwater Acoustics
    American Meteorological Society ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Vol. 32, No. 2 ( 2015-02), p. 334-349
    Details
    In: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 32, No. 2 ( 2015-02), p. 334-349
    Abstract: The Hellenic Center for Marine Research POSEIDON ocean monitoring and forecasting system has included passive underwater acoustic measurements as part of its real-time operations. Specifically, low-duty-cycle long-term passive acoustic listeners (PALs) are deployed on two operational buoys, one off Pylos in the Ionian Sea and the second off Athos in the northern Aegean Sea. The first step toward the quantitative use of passive ambient sound is the classification of the geophysical sources—for example, wind speed and rain rate—from the noise of shipping, from other anthropogenic activities, and from the natural sounds of marine animals. After classification, quantitative measurements of wind speed and precipitation are applied to the ambient sound data. Comparisons of acoustic quantitative measurements of wind speed with in situ buoy anemometer measurements were shown to be within 0.5 m s −1 . The rainfall detection and quantification was also confirmed with collocated measurements of precipitation from a nearby coastal rain gauge and operational weather radar rainfall observations. The complicated condition of high sea states, including the influence of ambient bubble clouds, rain, and sea spray under high winds, was sorted acoustically, and shows promise for identifying and quantifying such conditions from underwater sound measurements. Long-term data were used in this study to derive sound budgets showing the percent occurrence of dominant sound sources (ships, marine mammals, wind, and rain), their relative intensity as a function of frequency, and statistical summaries of the retrieved rainfall amounts and wind speeds at the two buoy locations in the Aegean and Ionian Seas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0739-0572 , 1520-0426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00264.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021720-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 48441-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Performance Evaluation of a New Dual-Polarization Microphysical Algorithm Based on Long-Term X-Band Radar and Disdrometer Observations
    American Meteorological Society ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Hydrometeorology Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2013-04-01), p. 560-576
    Details
    In: Journal of Hydrometeorology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2013-04-01), p. 560-576
    Abstract: Accurate estimation of precipitation at high spatial and temporal resolution of weather radars is an open problem in hydrometeorological applications. The use of dual polarization gives the advantage of multiparameter measurements using orthogonal polarization states. These measurements carry significant information, useful for estimating rain-path signal attenuation, drop size distribution (DSD), and rainfall rate. This study evaluates a new self-consistent with optimal parameterization attenuation correction and rain microphysics estimation algorithm (named SCOP-ME). Long-term X-band dual-polarization measurements and disdrometer DSD parameter data, acquired in Athens, Greece, have been used to quantitatively and qualitatively compare SCOP-ME retrievals of median volume diameter D0 and intercept parameter NW with two existing rain microphysical estimation algorithms and the SCOP-ME retrievals of rain rate with three available radar rainfall estimation algorithms. Error statistics for rain rate estimation, in terms of relative mean and root-mean-square error and efficiency, show that the SCOP-ME has low relative error if compared to the other three methods, which systematically underestimate rainfall. The SCOP-ME rain microphysics algorithm also shows a lower relative error statistic when compared to the other two microphysical algorithms. However, measurement noise or other signal degradation effects can significantly affect the estimation of the DSD intercept parameter from the three different algorithms used in this study. Rainfall rate estimates with SCOP-ME mostly depend on the median volume diameter, which is estimated much more efficiently than the intercept parameter. Comparisons based on the long-term dataset are relatively insensitive to path-integrated attenuation variability and rainfall rates, providing relatively accurate retrievals of the DSD parameters when compared to the other two algorithms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-755X , 1525-7541
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-12-057.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042176-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High-Resolution Rainfall Estimation from X-Band Polarimetric Radar Measurements
    American Meteorological Society ; 2004
    In:  Journal of Hydrometeorology Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2004-02), p. 110-128
    Details
    In: Journal of Hydrometeorology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2004-02), p. 110-128
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-755X , 1525-7541
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005〈0110:HREFXP〉2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042176-X
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of Operational and Experimental Precipitation Algorithms and Microphysical Insights during IPHEx
    American Meteorological Society ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Hydrometeorology Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2018-01-01), p. 113-125
    Details
    In: Journal of Hydrometeorology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2018-01-01), p. 113-125
    Abstract: During May and June 2014, NOAA X-Pol (NOXP), the National Severe Storms Laboratory’s dual-polarized X-band mobile radar, was deployed to the Pigeon River basin in the Great Smoky Mountains of North Carolina as part of the NASA Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment. Rain gauges and disdrometers were positioned within the basin to verify precipitation estimates from various radar and satellite precipitation algorithms. First, the performance of the Self-Consistent Optimal Parameterization–Microphysics Estimation (SCOP-ME) algorithm for NOXP was examined using ground instrumentation as validation and was found to perform similarly to or slightly outperform other precipitation algorithms over the course of the intensive observation period (IOP). Radar data were also used to examine ridge–valley differences in radar and microphysical parameters for a case of stratiform precipitation passing over the mountains. Inferred coalescence microphysical processes were found to dominate within the upslope region, while a combination of processes were present as the system propagated over the valley. This suggests that enhanced updrafts aided by orographic lift sustain convection over the upslope regions, leading to larger median drop diameters.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-755X , 1525-7541
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-17-0080.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042176-X
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of Two Raindrop Size Distribution Retrieval Algorithms for X-Band Dual Polarization Observations
    American Meteorological Society ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Hydrometeorology Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2008-06-01), p. 589-600
    Details
    In: Journal of Hydrometeorology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2008-06-01), p. 589-600
    Abstract: In this study the authors evaluate two algorithms, the so-called beta (β) and constrained methods, proposed for retrieving the governing parameters of the “normalized” gamma drop size distribution (DSD) from dual-polarization radar measurements. The β method treats the drop axis ratio as a variable and computes drop shape and DSD parameters from radar reflectivity (ZH), differential reflectivity (ZDR), and specific differential phase shift (KDP). The constrained method assumes that the axis-ratio relation is fixed and computes DSD parameters from ZH, ZDR, and an empirical relation between the DSD slope and shape parameters. The two techniques are evaluated for polarimetric X-band radar observations by comparing retrieved DSD parameters with disdrometer observations and examining simulated radar parameters for consistency. Error effects on the β method and constrained method retrievals are analyzed. The β approach is found to be sensitive to errors in KDP and to be less consistent with observations. Large retrieved β values are found to be associated with large retrieved DSD shape parameters and small median drop diameters. The constrained method provides reasonable rain DSD retrievals that agree better with disdrometer observations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-7541 , 1525-755X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2007JHM904.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042176-X
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