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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Different Forms of Solar Energy Progress: The Fast-Growing Eco-Friendly Energy Source in Bangladesh for a Sustainable Future
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Energies Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2022-09-16), p. 6790-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2022-09-16), p. 6790-
    Abstract: Global fossil fuel reserves are declining due to differential uses, especially for power generation. Everybody can help to do their bit for the environment by using solar energy. Geographically, Bangladesh is a potential zone for harnessing solar energy. In March 2021, the renewable generation capacity in Bangladesh amounted to 722.592 MW, including 67.6% from solar, 31.84% from hydro, and 0.55% from other energy sources, including wind, biogas, and biomass, where 488.662 MW of power originated from over 6 million installed solar power systems. Concurrently, over 42% of rural people still suffer from a lack of electricity, where solar energy can play a vital role. This paper highlights the present status of various forms of solar energy progress in Bangladesh, such as solar parks, solar rooftops, solar irrigation, solar charging stations, solar home systems, solar-powered telecoms, solar street lights, and solar drinking water, which can be viable alternative sources of energy. This review will help decision-makers and investors realize Bangladesh’s up-to-date solar energy scenario and plan better for the development of a sustainable society.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en15186790
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Spatial implementation of frequency ratio, statistical index and index of entropy models for landslide susceptibility mapping in Al-Balouta river basin, Tartous Governorate, Syria
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Geoscience Letters Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2022-12-26)
    Details
    In: Geoscience Letters, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2022-12-26)
    Abstract: Landslide vulnerability prediction maps are among the most important tools for managing natural hazards associated with slope stability in river basins that affect ecosystems, properties, infrastructure and society. Landslide events are among the most hazardous patterns of slope instability in the coastal mountains of Syria. Thus, the main goals of this research are to evaluate the performance of three different statistical outputs: Frequency Ratio (FR), Statistical Index (SI) and Index of Entropy (IoE) and therefore map landslide susceptibility in the coastal region of Syria. To this end, we identified a total of 446 locations of landslide events, based on the preliminary inventory map derived from fieldwork and high-resolution imagery surveys. In this regard, 13 geo-environmental factors that have a high influence on landslides were selected for landslide susceptibility mapping. The results indicated that the FR method outperformed the SI and IoE models with a high AUC of 0.824 and better adaptability, followed by the SI with 0.791. According to the SCAI values, although the FR model achieved the best reliability, the other two models also showed good capability in determining landslide susceptibility. The result of FR-based modelling showed that 18.51 and 19.98% of the study area fall under the high and very high landslide susceptible categories, respectively. In the map generated by the SI method, about 36% of the study area is classified as having high or very high landslide sensitivity. In the IoE method, whereas 14.18 and 25.62% of the study area were classified as “very high susceptible” and “high susceptible,” respectively. The relative importance analysis demonstrated that the slope aspects, lithology and proximity to roads effectively motivated the acceleration of slope material instability and were the most influential in both the FR and SI models. On the other hand, the IoE model indicated that the proximity to faults and roads, along with the lithology factor, were important influences in the formation of landslide events. As a result, the statistical bivariate models-based landslide mapping provided a reliable and systematic approach to guide the long-term strategic planning procedures in the study area.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2196-4092
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s40562-022-00256-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2760757-4
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Procjena ugroženosti stanovnika grada Dhake s obzirom na izloženost opasnosti od poplave
    University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Geophysics ; 2020
    In:  Geofizika Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2020-12-23), p. 97-130
    Details
    In: Geofizika, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Geophysics, Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2020-12-23), p. 97-130
    Abstract: Globalna opasnost od poplave postupno se povećava. Iako ih je nemoguće izbjeći, gubici i šteta od opasnosti (npr. poplave, cikloni i potresi) mogu se učinkovito smanjiti smanjenjem ranjivosti kućanstava odgovarajućim mjerama. Cilj ove studije je kvantitativno mjerenje ranjivosti kućanstava obzirom na opasnosti od poplave kao alata za njihovo ublažavanje. Također je predložen jedinstveni pristup za kvantificiranje ugroženosti kućanstava obzirom na opasnosti od poplave, a kao primjer predstavljena je primjena u gradu Dhaki sklonom poplavama. Podaci su prikupljeni i sa siromašnih i bogatih područja kako bi bilo pokriveno cijelo urbano područje te kako bi se usporedila razina ugroženosti od poplava. Ukupno 300 kućanstava anketirano je strukturiranim upitnikom na temelju pet čimbenika (ekonomskih, socijalnih, okolišnih, strukturnih i institucionalnih) ugroženosti od poplava. Analitički hijerarhijski postupak (AHP) primijenjen je za mjerenje pojedinačnih rezultata ranjivosti kućanstva korištenjem relativne težine varijabli i pokazatelja uz pravilnu standardizaciju. Analitički rezultati pokazali su da je 63,06% siromašnih kućanstava i 20,02% bogatih kućanstava vrlo osjetljivo na poplave. Uz to, ovaj je rad utvrdio i procijenio čimbenike odgovorne za ranjivost kućanstava u Dhaki. Što se tiče strukturne ranjivosti, rezultati su pokazali da je 82% kućanstava u siromašnim krajevima bilo visoko ranjivo, a 95,3% kućanstava koja nisu iz siromašnih četvrti bilo je umjereno ranjivo. Društveno, 67,3% siromašnih i 78,7% kućanstava koja nisu iz siromašnih naselja bila su umjereno i slabo ranjiva. Većina kućanstava u siromašnoj i nesiromašnoj četvrti (84%, odnosno 59,3%) pokazala je visoku i umjerenu ekonomsku ranjivost. Štoviše, za 69,3% siromašnih i 65,3% nesiromašnih kućanstava institucionalna ranjivost je bila visoka. Od stanovnika siromašnih naselja, 63,3% je bilo izloženo ekološkom riziku, a 78% staništa koja nisu u siromašnim područjima bilo je u kategoriji niske ranjivosti. Uz odgovarajuću prilagodbu ovdje predložen učinkoviti alat za mjerenje ranjivosti koji je ovdje prilagođen specifičnoj lokaciji, primjenjiv je i za mjerenje ranjivosti drugih gradova u svijetu. Na temelju ove studije moglo bi se provesti buduće istraživanje s više čimbenika, varijabli i pokazatelja ljudske ranjivosti na prirodne ili umjetne opasnosti / katastrofe. Budući rad mogao bi pružiti bolju sliku stanja ranjivosti od pojedinačne / višestruke opasnosti / katastrofe.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1846-6346 , 0352-3659
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.15233/gfz.2020.37.5
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Geophysics
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2170335-8
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Assessment of heavy metal accumulation and health risks in okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L.) and spinach (Spinacia Oleracea L.) fertigated with wastwater
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Food Contamination Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2022-10-19)
    Details
    In: International Journal of Food Contamination, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2022-10-19)
    Abstract: In many countries like Pakistan, where crops are irrigated by wastewater, the accumulation of heavy metals is a serious problem, especially when such an irrigation is a widespread practice. The focus of this study was to know the highly toxic metals like cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) in water, agricultural soil, and crops, besides their probable risk to human health in the area of Vehari district. The physicochemical parameters were determined for the samples, including organic matter, organic carbon, pH, and electrical conductivity. Water used for irrigation, samples of vegetables for Cd, Cr, and Pb concentration, as well as transfer factor from soil to plants (TF) were analyzed for calculating the daily intake of metals (DIM) and their health risk index (HRI). The results show that the wastewater used for irrigation was contaminated with Cr (0.07mg/kg), Cd (0.054mg/kg), and Pb (0.38mg/kg). In the tube well, the concentrations of heavy metals were: Cd (0.053mg/kg), Pb (0.01mg/kg), and Cd (0.03mg/kg). Application of wastewater increased heavy metals concentration in soil and vegetables. Heavy metals concentrations in wastewater irrigated soil before sowing vegetables in mg/kg were: Pb (0.91), Cd (0.12), and Cr (0.48). After the application of wastewater, significant enrichment of wastewater was observed in Pb (1.93mg/kg), Cd (0.07mg/kg), and Cr (0.34mg/kg). Our study showed a high-risk index of food crops polluted with heavy metals and resultantly greater health risk to humans and animals. That is why preventive measures should be adopted to reduce heavy metals pollution to irrigation water and soils to protect both humans and animals in the Vehari district.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2196-2804
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s40550-022-00097-2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2798646-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3149513-8
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Land Suitability Investigation for Solar Power Plant Using GIS, AHP and Multi-Criteria Decision Approach: A Case of Megacity Kolkata, West Bengal, India
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2022-09-08), p. 11276-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2022-09-08), p. 11276-
    Abstract: Renewable energy sources are the most necessitated natural energy to reduce fossil fuels globally. Fossil fuel is the most valuable and limited resource on the planet, but on the other hand, renewable energy creates less pollution. Solar energy is the most effective renewable resource for daily use. Solar power plants are necessary for domestic and daily use. Remote sensing and geographic information technology (GIS) were used for this study to delineate the possible site selection of solar power plants in Kolkata and the surrounding area in West Bengal, India. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the multi-criteria decision-making process (MCDA) were used for each weight calculation and ArcGIS v10.8 was applied for weighted overlay analysis (WOA) for delineation of the result. The site suitability map was developed using a pairwise comparison matrix and the weights were calculated for each criterion. The suitability map was divided into five categories, from not suitable to very highly suitable. A total of 474.21 km2 (10.69%) of the area was classified as very highly suitable whereas 249.54 km2 (5.62%) area was classified as not suitable because of the water area and east Kolkata wetland. A total of 1438.15 km2 (32.43%) of the area was classified as highly suitable for a solar power plant. The Kolkata megacity and water body locations were identified as moderate to not suitable sites. Very high and high-potential sites were identified 2 to 5 km from the central business district (CBD) location, which is Dharmotala. Renewable energy source is needed in the megacity of Kolkata. If solar power plants are contracted then the demand for fossil fuel will be reduced one day, and that will help the environment as well as the society in terms of sustainable development. This study result is helpful for administrators, urban planners, developers, and other stakeholders for the implementation and development of a new solar power plant in the study area.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su141811276
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prediction of Groundwater Quality Index Using Classification Techniques in Arid Environments
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2023-06-16), p. 9687-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2023-06-16), p. 9687-
    Abstract: Assessing water quality is crucial for improving global water resource management, particularly in arid regions. This study aims to assess and monitor the status of groundwater quality based on hydrochemical parameters and by using artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. The irrigation water quality index (IWQI) is predicted by using support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbors (KNN) classifiers in Matlab’s classification learner toolbox. The classifiers are fed with the following hydrochemical input parameters: sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), electrical conductivity (EC), bicarbonate level (HCO3), chloride concentration (Cl), and sodium concentration (Na). The proposed methods were used to assess the quality of groundwater extracted from the desertic region of Adrar in Algeria. The collected groundwater samples showed that 9.64% of samples were of very good quality, 12.05% were of good quality, 21.08% were satisfactory, and 57.23% were considered unsuitable for irrigation. The IWQI prediction accuracies of the classifiers with the standardized, normalized, and raw data were 100%, 100%, and 90%, respectively. The cubic SVM with the normalized data develops the highest prediction accuracy for training and testing samples (94.2% and 100%, respectively). The findings of this work showed that the multiple regression model and machine learning could effectively assess water quality in desert zones for sustainable water management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su15129687
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Relationships between land use types and urban heat island intensity in Hulu Langat district, Selangor, Malaysia
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Ecological Processes Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2023-07-18)
    Details
    In: Ecological Processes, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2023-07-18)
    Abstract: Urban heat island (UHI) is an urban climate phenomenon that primarily responds to urban conditions and land use change. The extent of hard surfaces significantly influences the thermal properties of the land. To address this issue, a novel approach quantifying the association between land use and UHI is developed. This study offers a new technique for effectively estimating the effect of land use on the UHI intensity using the combination of urban heat intensity index (UHII) and land contribution index (LCI) derived from Landsat 8 OLI images. The time-series thermal effect of land use on the UHI intensity can be determined according to the ratio in mean temperature between specific land use and the whole study site. The study was conducted in the Hulu Langat district, Malaysia during 2014–2021. Results The UHI intensity rose from 0.19 in 2014 to 0.70 in 2021. The negative value of LCI for vegetation areas and water bodies obtained its negative contribution to the urban heat island, while the positive value of LCI for bare areas and built-up areas showed its positive effect on the urban heat island. The LCI value for urban areas showed a significant increase in the 7 years such as 0.51, 0.66, 0.69, and 0.75 for periods 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2021, respectively. The change in LCI from 2014 to 2021 for the transformation of bare area and forest was recorded to be 0.23 and − 0.02, respectively. Thus, the conversion of forests into urban areas had a negative effect on the increment of UHI intensity. Conclusions Overall, these findings are useful for policy-making agency in developing an effective policy for reducing high UHI intensity and planning long-term land use management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-1709
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13717-023-00446-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2694945-3
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  • 8
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    Assessment of landslide susceptibility, exposure, vulnerability, and risk in shahpur valley, eastern hindu kush
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Earth Science Vol. 10 ( 2022-8-16)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Earth Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2022-8-16)
    Abstract: This study assessed landslide susceptibility in Shahpur valley, situated in the eastern Hindu Kush. Here, landslides are recurrent phenomena that disrupt the natural environment, and almost every year, they cause huge property damages and human losses. These damages are expected to escalate in the study area due to the high rate of deforestation in the region, population growth, agricultural expansion, and infrastructural development on the slopes. Landslide susceptibility was assessed by applying “weight of evidence” (WoE) and “information value” (IV) models. For this, the past landslide areas were identified and mapped on the SPOT5 satellite image and were verified from frequent field visits to remove the ambiguities from the initial inventory. Seven landslide contributing factors including surface geology, fault lines, slope aspect and gradient, land use, and proximity to roads and streams were identified based on indigenous knowledge and studied scientific literature. The relationship of landslide occurrence with contributing factors was calculated using WoE and IV models. The susceptibility maps were generated based on both the WoE and IV models. The results showed that the very high susceptible zone covered an area of 14.49% and 12.84% according to the WoE and IV models, respectively. Finally, the resultant maps were validated using the success and prediction rate curves, seed cell area index (SCAI), and R-index approaches. The success rate curve validated the results at 80.34% for WoE and 80.13% for the IV model. The calculated prediction rate for both WoE and IV was 83.34 and 85.13%, respectively. The SCAI results showed similar performance of both models in landslide susceptibility mapping. The result shows that the R-index value for the very high LS zone was 29.64% in the WoE model, and it was 31.21% for the IV model. Based on the elements at risk, a landslide vulnerability map was prepared that showed high vulnerability to landslide hazards in the lower parts of the valley. Similarly, the hazard and vulnerability maps were combined, and the risk map of the study area was generated. According to the landslide risk map, 5.5% of the study area was under high risk, while 2% of the area was in a very high-risk zone. It was found from the analysis that for assessing landslide susceptibility, both the models are suitable and applicable in the Hindu Kush region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-6463
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/feart.2022.953627
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2741235-0
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Impact of Canal Encroachment on Flood and Economic Vulnerability in Northern Bangladesh
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 14 ( 2022-07-07), p. 8341-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 14 ( 2022-07-07), p. 8341-
    Abstract: River and canal encroachments have become a common problem in Bangladesh. The prevalence of river and canal encroachments has a direct impact on population growth. However, the impacted population appears to be unaware of its negative consequences. To this end, we aimed to investigate the past and present canal scenarios with a focus on canal encroachment as the influencing factor in Ulipur upazila (highly vulnerable) of northern Bangladesh. To examine the impact of this encroachment, the Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI), Adaptive Capacity Index (ACI) and Economic Vulnerability Index (EVI) were used. Our results showed signs of narrowing of the canal structure of Ulipur upazila in 1982 and 1992, while satellite images from 2002 and 2012 showed the presence of encroachment in the middle and lower parts of the canal. The FVI value for Hatia union was 0.703, indicating that this area was highly vulnerable to flooding. According to the ACI, the Pandul union has a high capacity to cope with flood impact, while the Hatia union has less capacity to cope with flood impact. Conversely, Hatia’s union EVI value was 72.8, denoting a high economic vulnerability. Canal encroachments will have negative consequences for these impacted unions. It is critical to reduce the flooding and economic vulnerabilities associated with canal encroachments. It is found that canal excavation is very important for controlling flood water and reducing the damage caused by flooding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su14148341
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 10
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    Sanitary municipal landfill site selection by integration of GIS and multi-criteria techniques for environmental sustainability in Safita area, Tartous governorate, Syria
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Environmental Science and Pollution Research Vol. 30, No. 11 ( 2022-11-28), p. 30834-30854
    Details
    In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 30, No. 11 ( 2022-11-28), p. 30834-30854
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1614-7499
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24287-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014192-0
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