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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism(s) of in vitro macrophage activation with Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton: the effects on macrophage activating factor production by lymphocytes (1986)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 22 (1986), S. 132-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages prepared from WPC which had been treated with N. CWS demonstrated potent cytostatic activity against syngeneic Meth A fibrosarcoma cells. The maximum cytostatic activity developed in the macrophages when WPC were incubated with 25 μg/ml N. CWS for 3 days. NAPC from BALB/c mice given an i. p. injection with 100 μg N. CWS 7 days previously (N. CWS-NAPC) or supernatants from N. CWS-NAPC also activated peritoneal macrophages in vitro. However, when peritoneal macrophages were incubated with N. CWS in the absence of NAPC, or when T cells were depleted from WPC by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 antibody and complement, N. CWS failed to enhance the cytostatic activity of the macrophages. Furthermore, thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from C3H/HeN mice increased their cytolytic properties by incubation with supernatant fluids from N. CWS-treated spleen cells. These findings suggest that in vitro macrophage activation with N. CWS depends on MAF secreted from T lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199127
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of tumoricidal macrophages from bone marrow cells of normal mice or mice bearing a colony-stimulating-factor-producing tumor (1989)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 28 (1989), S. 116-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nonadherent cells of the bone marrow of C3H/HeN mice were incubated for 3 days with the culture supernatant of an L-929 cell line containing macrophage-colony-stimulating factor. Approximately, 70% of the cells became phagocytic, adherent to plastic dishes and positive for nonspecific esterase staining. The adherent cells exhibited a weak tumoricidal activity against MM48 syngeneic mammary carcinoma cells, and the cytotoxicity was strongly augmented by the addition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to the cytotoxicity assay. The cytotoxicity induced by lipopolysaccharide was also shown to be mediated by Thy1.2− and asialo-GM1+ cells, and was abrogated by the addition of carrageenan. Macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor-producing (D66) and nonproducing (A23) variants were separated from the MM48 tumor line in in vitro culture following limiting dilution. There was no difference between these two variants in either the in vitro growth rate or the susceptibility to macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity. C3H/HeN mice inoculated i.p. with D66 survived longer than did those inoculated i.p. with A23. C3H/HeN mice bearing D66 or A23 as an ascitic form were given i.p. injections of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS). N-CWS significantly prolonged the survival period of mice bearing D66, whereas it exhibited no apparent antitumor effect on mice bearing A23. The increase in the cell number of D66 in the peritoneal cavity was significantly retarded, compared with that of A23. In contrast, the number of peritoneal macrophages increased more in D66-bearing mice than in A23-bearing mice. The increase in the peritoneal macrophage number was further augmented by an i.p. injection of N-CWS. Peritoneal macrophages of D66-bearing mice exhibited apparent tumoricidal activity against MM48 tumor cells in the presence of lipopolysaccharide, and the cytotoxicity was significantly augmented by i.p. injection of N-CWS. On the other hand, the responsiveness of peritoneal macrophages to lipopolysaccharide was found to be poor in A23-bearing mice and the tumoricidal activity was only weakly augmented by N-CWS. These results strongly suggest that M-CSF plays an important role not only in the maturation of macrophage progenitors but also in the induction and the accumulation of activated macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199111
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of activated macrophages by intraperitoneal injection of mitomylin C in mice (1985)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 20 (1985), S. 145-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The host cellular response to IP injection of mitomycin C was studied in C3H/HeN mice. As assessed by in vitro cytolysis assay using 125I-iododeoxyuridine-labelled tumour target cells, mitomycin C-induced peritoneal macrophages showed the maximum tumouricidal activity 4 days after the IP injection. The tumouricidal activity was dependent on the dose of mitomycin C injected and it was detectable against syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic tumour target cells. In addition, these tumouricidal macrophages were found to be augmented in functions of both incorporation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells. Among the other anti-cancer drugs, which were used at a dose of three-fifths of LD50, only adriamycin (7.5 mg/kg) was capable of inducing activated macrophages as much as mitomycin C (3 mg/kg). Cyclophosphamide (225 mg/kg), methotrexate (60 mg/kg) and vincristin (1.5 mg/kg) were able to augment incorporation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells, but not tumouricidal actvity. Differential cytolysis assay was performed for two cell lines of P 388 tumour target cells, the mitomycin C-sensitive original cell line and the mitomycin C-resistant subline, demonstrating no significant difference in macro-phage-mediated tumour cell lysis between these cell lines. Based on these results, it was concluded that mitomycin C, when injected IP induced activated macrophages in the peritoneal cavity. A better understanding of the effect of anti-cancer drugs on macrophage tumouricidal activity may be useful in designing more effective local chemotherapy for malignant peritoneal effusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00205681
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blockade of voltage-sensitive sodium channels by NS-7, a novel neuroprotective compound, in the rat brain (1997)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 355 (1997), S. 601-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Neuroprotectant ; Voltage-sensitive sodium channel ; Batrachotoxin ; Saxitoxin ; Glutamate release ; Cerebral cortex ; Cardiac myocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-6-(5-piperidinopentyloxy) pyrimidine hydrochloride (NS-7), a novel neuroprotective compound, on the voltage-sensitive sodium channels (VSSC) were examined in the rat brain and cardiac myocytes. NS-7 inhibited [3H]batrachotoxinin A 20α-benzoate (BTX) binding (neurotoxin receptor site 2) in brain membranes with a Ki value of 1 μM , while the compound was less effective in the cardiac myocytes (Ki = 13 μM). Aconitine, on the other hand, inhibited [3H]BTX binding to brain membranes and cardiac myocytes with the same potency. In contrast, NS-7 had no affinity for [3H]saxitoxin binding in brain (neurotoxin receptor site 1). In superfused slices of the rat cerebral cortex, NS-7 inhibited the veratridine (5 μM)-evoked glutamate release in a concentration-dependent manner, the IC50 value of which was 7.7 μM, whereas the compound showed a weak and not significant suppression of KCl-evoked glutamate release. The tissue concentrations of NS-7 in the rat cerebral cortex and heart were 89 and 28 nmole/g tissue, respectively, 5 min after its intravenous injection (8 mg/kg). Furthermore, in the cerebral cortex, NS-7 distributed preferentially to the membrane-enriched synaptosomal fraction. Since neurotoxin receptor site 2 is located in the transmembrane region of the VSSC moiety, the channel function may be substantially inhibited by a peripheral administration of NS-7. These results suggest that the blockade of neurotoxin receptor site 2 of VSSC in the brain contributes to the neuroprotective action of NS-7.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00004990
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell surface measurements of ATP release from single pancreatic β cells using a novel biosensor technique (1998)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 437 (1998), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words ATP release ; Autocrine ; Biosensor ; Exocytosis ; Insulin secretion ; P2 receptor ; Pancreatic β cell ; PC12 cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  To examine the possibility that ATP modulates insulin secretion by an autocrine mechanism, we measured the local concentration of released ATP at the surface of a single pancreatic β cell by a new biosensor technique, using PC12 cells expressing ligand-gated cation channels, P2X2 receptors. Upon application of glucose or glibenclamide, a series of current spikes, whose amplitude equates to an ATP concentration of over 25 µM, were recorded from a PC12 cell using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, when placed near a rat pancreatic β cell at 37°C. The current response was inhibited by cooling (below 30°C) or by applying an ATP-hydrolysing enzyme (apyrase) or a P2 receptor blocker (suramin). Thus, it is concluded that pancreatic β cells secrete ATP in response to glucose stimulation, thereby increasing the ATP concentration close to the cell surface sufficiently high enough to enhance insulin secretion from the pancreatic β cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050742
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The recurrence of primary intracranial germinomas (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 13 (1992), S. 247-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: germinoma ; radiotherapy ; recurrence ; syncytiotrophoblastic giant cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty three cases of primary intracranial germinomas including five cases of germinomas with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells are studied and analyzed, with special reference to the recurrence under radiotherapy. The follow-up period for all cases was 7 months to 12 years (average: 5.8 years) with that for pure germinomas ranging from 8 months to 12 years (average: 5.7 years) and that for germinomas with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells ranging from 7 months to 11 years (average: 6.3 years). Late recurrence was observed in three cases (3/23, 13%), developing outside of the initial irradiation field. With regard to recurrence, significant correlation to radiation fields was evident, while it was not to radiation doses. Furthermore, germinoma with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells showed a more significant tendency to recur than pure germinoma. The radiotherapy of germinomas is discussed and the clinical features of germinoma with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172477
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of in vivo Soluble Selectin Gene Introduction on LPS-Induced Leukocyte Accumulation in the Murine Lung (1999)
    Springer
    Inflammation 23 (1999), S. 523-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2576
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The selectin family adhesion molecules exert a crucial role in accumulation of leukocytes at the site of inflammation. To test the biological effects of soluble selectin on lung inflammation, we introduced an expression plasmid vector of soluble selectin gene via HVJ-liposome into a murine model of LPS-induced lung injury. The myeloperoxidase activity in LPS-injected mice was suppressed by the in vivo injection of soluble P-selectin gene relative to control mice. On the contrary, soluble E- or L-selectin genes did not exert suppressive effects. Our observations suggest that P-selectin plays a crucial role in the initial steps of lung inflammation, and exogenous introduction of soluble P-selectin by in vivo gene transfer method may be a useful strategy for regulating inflammation of the lung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020238422788
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in Pulmonary Histology and Exfoliated Bronchoalveolar Cells Induced by In Vivo Introduction of the Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene (2000)
    Springer
    Inflammation 24 (2000), S. 11-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2576
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases such as interstitial pneumonia (IP). To clarify the role of the inflammatory cytokine in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation, we introduced a murine TNF-α gene into murine lungs by the hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposome method. Seven days after the TNF-α gene introduction resulted in marked cellular infiltration of alveoli, and mild histological change was observed 28 days after the gene introduction. Electron microscopic analysis revealed minimal deposition of collagen fibrils. Analysis of the BAL revealed that the total cell number was markedly increased 3 and 7 days after the gene introduction, and more than 90% of the cells were macrophages. The increase in the cell number was returned to below the normal level 28 days after the gene introduction. During the development of IP, TNF-α may regulate pathologic change of the pulmonary interstitium and alveolar cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006992408052
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin 10 inhibits inflammatory cells infiltration in endotoxin-induced uveitis (1996)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 234 (1996), S. 633-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract • Background: Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) is a model for acute anterior uveitis associated with a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide production. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) down-regulates these inflammatory mediators. We report a study of the effect of systemic administration of IL-10 on the inflammatory parameters of EIU. • Methods: Uveitis was induced in C3H/HeN mice by subcutaneous injection of 200 μg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) per mouse. Intraocular inflammation was assessed by leukocyte count and measurement of the protein concentration in the aqueous humor (AH). Mouse recombinant IL-10 at 1000 U or its vehicle alone were administered by three intravenous injections given 4.0 h and 0.5 h before and 8.0 h after LPS injection. • Results: The inflammatory cell infiltration in the eyes was significantly reduced in four of five experiments from 40% to 64% in the groups treated with IL-10 compared to the control groups (P〈0.05). In contrast, the level of protein exudation in the anterior chamber (AC) was not significantly affected by IL-10 treatment. • Conclusion: IL-10 reduces the cellular infiltration in the ocular inflammation produced by endotoxin. This result suggests potential usefulness for IL-10 in the treatment of severe anterior uveitis with a strong cellular component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185297
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction of Plasmid DNA and Oligonucleotides into Lung Epithelial Cells by the Hemagglutinating Virus of Japan (HVJ)-Liposome Method (1999)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 25 (1999), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ) fused with liposomes provides a unique transfection vehicle with characteristics of both virus vector and liposome. Here we investigate the efficiency and safety of the HVJ-liposome technique in delivering foreign genes and oligonucleotides into the lung of the Wistar rat. A plasmid vector containing the Escherichia coli β-galactosidase (β-gal) gene and the chicken β-actin promoter was transfected via the trachea using the HVJ-liposome method. Cytochemical staining showed expression of exogenous β-gal activity in airway epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, and alveolar type II cells. This activity persisted at least 28 days after administration of the genes. FITC-labeled oligonucleotides also were introduced into the same types of lung cells as those expressing β-gal. After instillation of HVJ-liposome, anti-HVJ antibodies were detected in the sera of the rats, but even after repeated administration of HVJ-liposome, no marked histopathologic change was observed while exogenous β-gal expression was detected in pulmonary cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:SCAM.0000007140.54724.99
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