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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone mass and beyond: Risk factors for fractures (1993)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 53 (1993), S. S134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone densitometry ; Anthropometric measurements ; Fracture risk prediction ; Risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Numerous prospective studies have demonstrated a strong relationship between bone mass and fracture risk. The fact that the bone mass distributions of fracture and nonfracture cases overlap does not necessarily indicate a shortcoming of bone mass, but might instead be due to the sporadic nature of falls and the influence of other fracture risk factors. The recent finding that prevalent fractures are strong predictors of fracture risk, independent of bone mass, suggests (but does not prove) that there may be other, potentially measurable fracture risk factors that complement, and act independently of, bone mass. This paper reviews possible mechanisms by which prevalent fractures might serve as etiologic risk factors, or as surrogate indicators of other risk factors. Potential risk factors other than bone mass and prevalent fractures are also considered. Whether or not etiologic fracture risk factors other than bone mass can be identified, it appears that treatments that influence bone will be most effective if begun early,before bone strength becomes impaired and fractures begin to occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01673422
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arterial windkessel parameter estimation: A new time-domain method (1994)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 22 (1994), S. 66-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Windkessel model ; Total arterial compliance ; Integral method ; Waveform reconstruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We developed and validated a new, more accurate, and easily applied method for calculating the parameters of the three-element Windkessel to quantitate arterial properties and to investigate ventriculoarterial coupling. This method is based on integrating the governing differential equation of the three-element Windkessel and solving for arterial compliance. It accounts for the interaction between characteristic impedance and compliance, an important phenomenon that has been ignored by previously implemented methods. The new integral method was compared with four previously published methods as well as a new independent linear least-squares analysis, using ascending aortic micromanometric and volumetric flow measurements from eight dogs. The parameters calculated by the new integral method were found to be significantly different from those obtained by the previous methods but did not differ significantly from maximum likelihood estimators obtained by a linear leastsquares approach. To assess the accuracy of parameter estimation, pressure and flow waveforms were reconstructed in the time domain by numerically solving the governing differential equation of the three-element Windkessel model. Standard deviations of reconstructed waveforms from the experimental ensemble-averaged waveforms, which solely reflect the relative accuracy of the Windkessel parameters given by the various methods, were calculated. The new integral method invariably yielded the smallest error. These results demonstrate the improved accuracy of our new integral method in estimating arterial parameters of the three-element Windkessel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02368223
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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