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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Calibration and Validation of the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) for a Brazilian Semiarid Region
    American Meteorological Society ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Vol. 52, No. 12 ( 2013-12), p. 2753-2770
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 52, No. 12 ( 2013-12), p. 2753-2770
    Abstract: The reliability of predictions from climate and weather models is linked to an adequate representation of the land surface processes. To evaluate performance and to improve predictions, land surface models are calibrated against observed data. Despite an extensive literature describing methods of land surface model calibration, few studies have applied a calibration method for semiarid natural vegetation, especially for the semiarid northeast of Brazil, which presents caatinga as its natural vegetation. Caatinga is a highly dynamic ecosystem with the physics at the land surface–atmosphere interface still poorly understood. Therefore, in this study a multiobjective hierarchical method, which provides means to estimate optimal values of the model parameters through calibration, is evaluated. This method is applied to caatinga by using the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS). Results demonstrated that the calibrated set of vegetation parameters produced a considerably different energy balance from the default parameters. In general, the model was able to simulate the partition of the available energy into sensible and latent heat fluxes when the calibrated parameters were used. The IBIS model was not able to capture short-term, intense changes in latent heat flux from a dry condition to a wetter condition, however, even when the new set of calibrated parameters was used. Therefore, the parameter optimization may not be sufficient if processes are missing or misrepresented. This study is one of the first to understand the physics at the land surface–atmosphere interface in the caatinga ecosystem and to evaluate the ability of the IBIS model to represent the biophysical interactions in this important ecosystem.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1558-8424 , 1558-8432
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0190.1
    RVK:
    UA 4547
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227779-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227759-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MJO influence on ENSO effects in precipitation and temperature over South America
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2016
    In:  Theoretical and Applied Climatology Vol. 124, No. 1-2 ( 2016-4), p. 291-301
    Details
    In: Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 124, No. 1-2 ( 2016-4), p. 291-301
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0177-798X , 1434-4483
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00704-015-1421-2
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463177-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 405799-5
    SSG: 14
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Variability patterns of Rossby wave source
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2011
    In:  Climate Dynamics Vol. 37, No. 3-4 ( 2011-8), p. 441-454
    Details
    In: Climate Dynamics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 37, No. 3-4 ( 2011-8), p. 441-454
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0930-7575 , 1432-0894
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00382-010-0841-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 382992-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471747-5
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Simulation of the Holocene climate over South America and impacts on the vegetation
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 29, No. 2 ( 2019-02), p. 287-299
    Details
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 29, No. 2 ( 2019-02), p. 287-299
    Abstract: We provide a comprehensive analysis of the Holocene climate and vegetation changes over South America through numerical simulations. Holocene climate for several periods (8 ka, 6 ka, 4 ka, 2 ka, and present) were simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model, forced with orbital parameters, CO 2 concentrations, and sea surface temperature (SST), while the analysis of the biome distributions was made with a potential vegetation model (PVM). Compared with the present climate, our four simulated periods of the Holocene were characterized by reduced South Atlantic Convergence Zone intensity and weaker South American Monsoon System (SAMS). The model simulated conditions drier than present over most of South America and gradual strengthening of SAMS toward the present. The Northeast Brazil was wetter because of southward migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Moreover, SST conditions were the main forcing for the climate changes during the mid Holocene inducing larger austral summer southward ITCZ migration. PVM paleovegetation projections are shown to be consistent with paleodata proxies which suggest fluctuations between biomes, despite the fact that ages of dry/wet indicators are not synchronous over large areas of the Amazonian ecosystem. Holocene PVM simulations show distinct retreat in Amazonian forest biome in all four simulated periods. In 6 ka, present caatinga vegetation in Northeastern Brazil was replaced with savanna or dense shrubland. The simulations also suggest the existence of rainforest in western Amazonia and the expansion of savanna and seasonal forest in the eastern Amazon, with shifts in plant community compositions and fragmentation located mostly in ecotone regions. Moreover, our PVM results show that during the Holocene, the Amazonian tropical forest was smaller in area than today, although western Amazonia persisted as a tropical forest throughout the Holocene.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959683618810406
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027956-5
    SSG: 14
    SSG: 3,4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Extreme precipitation events and their relationship with ENSO and MJO phases over northern South America
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 37, No. 6 ( 2017-05), p. 2977-2989
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 37, No. 6 ( 2017-05), p. 2977-2989
    Abstract: Several droughts and floods in Amazonia and Northeast Brazil have occurred in recent years and projections from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change indicate an increase of these extreme events. El Niño Southern Oscillation ( ENSO ) is one of the phenomena associated with extreme rainfall events in the Amazon. However, recent studies have indicated that the basic response of ENSO is dependent on the Madden–Julian Oscillation ( MJO ) phase. Hence, this study analyses the MJO influence on precipitation extreme events over northern South America in El Niño and La Niña years. Extreme precipitation events over northern South America for the rainy season (December–May) were obtained through a composite analysis of the combinations of ENSO and MJO phases. Most of the dry extreme events occurred during El Niño periods, while wet extreme events were more recurrent during La Niña or neutral years. However, the results showed that the MJO convection could enhance or weaken the basic response of ENSO on extreme precipitation events. Moreover, dry/wet extreme events over both Amazon and Northeast Brazil are favoured when MJO convection over Indonesia is enhanced ( MJO phases 4 and 5)/suppressed ( MJO phase 2). Additionally, the interannual variability of the extreme events showed an increasing linear trend for dry extreme events and a decreasing linear trend for wet extreme events. The results presented here contribute to a better understanding of the climate variability and will be helpful for the forecast of ENSO effects on extreme events over northern South America.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.2017.37.issue-6
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.4893
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
    SSG: 14
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impacts on South America moisture transport under Amazon deforestation and 2 °C global warming
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Science of The Total Environment Vol. 905 ( 2023-12), p. 167407-
    Details
    In: Science of The Total Environment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 905 ( 2023-12), p. 167407-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0048-9697
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167407
    RVK:
    AR 10100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498726-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 121506-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Climate Fields over South America and Variability of SACZ and PSA in HadGEM2-ES
    Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. ; 2012
    In:  American Journal of Climate Change Vol. 01, No. 03 ( 2012), p. 132-144
    Details
    In: American Journal of Climate Change, Scientific Research Publishing, Inc., Vol. 01, No. 03 ( 2012), p. 132-144
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2167-9495 , 2167-9509
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4236/ajcc.2012.13011
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681563-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modelling present and future African climate using CMIP5 scenarios in HadGEM2‐ES
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 35, No. 8 ( 2015-06-30), p. 1784-1799
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 35, No. 8 ( 2015-06-30), p. 1784-1799
    Abstract: The present precipitation and temperature patterns and expected future changes (2073–2098) in Africa are investigated using the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model 2‐Earth System (HadGEM2‐ES) under the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) protocols for historical and future emission scenarios simulations. In a CMIP5 multimodel analysis, the annual cycles of temperature and precipitation simulated by HadGEM2‐ES were very close to the multimodel ensemble mean. HadGEM2‐ES temperature simulation compares well with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis over the 1979–2004 periods, except for a summer overestimation in Central Africa, and a winter underestimation in tropical West Africa. The precipitation simulation compared well with the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) data from 1979 to 2004 over the entire Africa, except in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), where the model fails to capture adequately the transition phase of the monsoon circulation. The dry regimes over Northern Africa as well as the wetter regime occurring over Central Africa, which is mainly regulated by the ITCZ displacement, and during the austral summer of Southern Africa, are also fairly reproduced by the HadGEM2‐ES model. The model projects for the end of the 21st century a rainy South Africa, a change of the flood/drought cycle in the Tropics and a warming over the whole continent, varying from 3 to 7 °C. HadGEM2‐ES performance for Nigeria shows good reproduction of precipitation seasonal cycles for some locations, outside the ITCZ. However, the comparison with in situ measurement in Ilorin and Lagos shows the model is not being able to reproduce the precipitation annual cycle. Future projections for Nigeria exhibit warming everywhere and an enhancement of precipitation, especially in the northern part of the country.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.2015.35.issue-8
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.4084
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
    SSG: 14
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