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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Impacts of Temporal Variation and Individual Differences in Driver Cognitive Workload on ECG-Based Detection
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Vol. 63, No. 5 ( 2021-08), p. 772-787
    Details
    In: Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, SAGE Publications, Vol. 63, No. 5 ( 2021-08), p. 772-787
    Abstract: This paper aimed to investigate the robustness of driver cognitive workload detection based on electrocardiogram (ECG) when considering temporal variation and individual differences in cognitive workload. Background Cognitive workload is a critical component to be monitored for error prevention in human–machine systems. It may fluctuate instantaneously over time even in the same tasks and differ across individuals. Method A driving simulation study was conducted to classify driver cognitive workload underlying four experimental conditions (baseline, N-back, texting, and N-back + texting distraction) in two repeated 1-hr blocks. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were compared among the experimental conditions and between the blocks. Random forests were built on HR and HRV to classify cognitive workload in different blocks and for different individuals. Results HR and HRV were significantly different between repeated blocks in the study, demonstrating the time-induced variation in cognitive workload. The performance of cognitive workload classification across blocks and across individuals was significantly improved after normalizing HR and HRV in each block by the corresponding baseline. Conclusion The temporal variation and individual differences in cognitive workload affects ECG-based cognitive workload detection. But normalization approaches relying on the choice of appropriate baselines help compensate for the effects of temporal variation and individual differences. Application The findings provide insight into the value and limitations of ECG-based driver cognitive workload monitoring during prolonged driving for individual drivers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-7208 , 1547-8181
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0018720821990484
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066426-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exploring implicit personality theories with indigenous or imported constructs: The Chinese case.
    American Psychological Association (APA) ; 1990
    In:  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Vol. 58, No. 6 ( 1990), p. 1087-1095
    Details
    In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, American Psychological Association (APA), Vol. 58, No. 6 ( 1990), p. 1087-1095
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1939-1315 , 0022-3514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1087
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
    Publication Date: 1990
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066621-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3103-3
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 5,21
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Levels of interpersonal trust across different types of environment: The micro–macro interplay between relational distance and human ecology.
    American Psychological Association (APA) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Vol. 150, No. 7 ( 2021-07), p. 1438-1457
    Details
    In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, American Psychological Association (APA), Vol. 150, No. 7 ( 2021-07), p. 1438-1457
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1939-2222 , 0096-3445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1037/xge0000997
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2067415-6
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Affect-Aware Adaptive Tutoring Based on Human–Automation Etiquette Strategies
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Vol. 60, No. 4 ( 2018-06), p. 510-526
    Details
    In: Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, SAGE Publications, Vol. 60, No. 4 ( 2018-06), p. 510-526
    Abstract: We investigated adapting the interaction style of intelligent tutoring system (ITS) feedback based on human–automation etiquette strategies. Background: Most ITSs adapt the content difficulty level, adapt the feedback timing, or provide extra content when they detect cognitive or affective decrements. Our previous work demonstrated that changing the interaction style via different feedback etiquette strategies has differential effects on students’ motivation, confidence, satisfaction, and performance. The best etiquette strategy was also determined by user frustration. Method: Based on these findings, a rule set was developed that systemically selected the proper etiquette strategy to address one of four learning factors (motivation, confidence, satisfaction, and performance) under two different levels of user frustration. We explored whether etiquette strategy selection based on this rule set (systematic) or random changes in etiquette strategy for a given level of frustration affected the four learning factors. Participants solved mathematics problems under different frustration conditions with feedback that adapted dynamic changes in etiquette strategies either systematically or randomly. Results: The results demonstrated that feedback with etiquette strategies chosen systematically via the rule set could selectively target and improve motivation, confidence, satisfaction, and performance more than changing etiquette strategies randomly. The systematic adaptation was effective no matter the level of frustration for the participant. Conclusion: If computer tutors can vary the interaction style to effectively mitigate negative emotions, then ITS designers would have one more mechanism in which to design affect-aware adaptations that provide the proper responses in situations where human emotions affect the ability to learn.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-7208 , 1547-8181
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0018720818765266
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066426-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Distraction in On-Road Level 2 Automated Driving: Impacts on Glance Behavior and Takeover Performance
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Vol. 63, No. 8 ( 2021-12), p. 1485-1497
    Details
    In: Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, SAGE Publications, Vol. 63, No. 8 ( 2021-12), p. 1485-1497
    Abstract: The paper aimed to investigate glance behaviors under different levels of distraction in automated driving (AD) and understand the impact of distraction levels on driver takeover performance. Background Driver distraction detrimentally affects takeover performance. Glance-based distraction measurement could be a promising method to remind drivers to maintain enough attentiveness before the takeover request in partially AD. Method Thirty-six participants were recruited to drive a Tesla Model S in manual and Autopilot modes on a test track while engaging in secondary tasks, including temperature-control, email-sorting, and music-selection, to impose low and high distractions. During the test drive, participants needed to quickly change the lane as if avoiding an immediate road hazard if they heard an unexpected takeover request (an auditory warning). Driver state and behavior over the test drive were recorded in real time by a driver monitoring system and several other sensors installed in the Tesla vehicle. Results The distribution of off-road glance duration was heavily skewed (with a long tail) by high distractions, with extreme glance duration more than 30 s. Moreover, being eyes-off-road before takeover could cause more delay in the urgent takeover reaction compared to being hands-off-wheel. Conclusion The study measured off-road glance duration under different levels of distraction and demonstrated the impacts of being eyes-off-road and hands-off-wheel on the following takeover performance. Application The findings provide new insights about engagement in Level 2 AD and are useful for the design of driver monitoring technologies for distraction management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-7208 , 1547-8181
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0018720820936793
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066426-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluating Driver Features for Cognitive Distraction Detection and Validation in Manual and Level 2 Automated Driving
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2022-06), p. 746-759
    Details
    In: Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, SAGE Publications, Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2022-06), p. 746-759
    Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the impacts of feature selection on driver cognitive distraction (CD) detection and validation in real-world nonautomated and Level 2 automated driving scenarios. Background Real-time driver state monitoring is critical to promote road user safety. Method Twenty-four participants were recruited to drive a Tesla Model S in manual and Autopilot modes on the highway while engaging in the N-back task. In each driving mode, CD was classified by the random forest algorithm built on three “hand-crafted” glance features (i.e., percent road center [PRC], the standard deviation of gaze pitch, and yaw angles), or through a large number of features that were transformed from the output of a driver monitoring system (DMS) and other sensing systems. Results In manual driving, the small set of glance features was as effective as the large set of machine-generated features in terms of classification accuracy. Whereas in Level 2 automated driving, both glance and vehicle features were less sensitive to CD. The glance features also revealed that the misclassified driver state was the result of the dynamic fluctuations and individual differences of cognitive loads under CD. Conclusion Glance metrics are critical for the detection and validation of CD in on-road driving. Applications The paper suggests the practical value of human factors domain knowledge in feature selection and ground truth validation for the development of driver monitoring technologies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-7208 , 1547-8181
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0018720820964149
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066426-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dysfunctional illness perception and illness behaviour associated with high somatic symptom severity and low quality of life in general hospital outpatients in China
    Elsevier BV ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Psychosomatic Research Vol. 77, No. 3 ( 2014-09), p. 187-195
    Details
    In: Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Elsevier BV, Vol. 77, No. 3 ( 2014-09), p. 187-195
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3999
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.06.005
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1500642-6
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    A measure of glucocorticoid load provided by DNA methylation of Fkbp5 in mice
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2011
    In:  Psychopharmacology Vol. 218, No. 1 ( 2011-11), p. 303-312
    Details
    In: Psychopharmacology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 218, No. 1 ( 2011-11), p. 303-312
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-3158 , 1432-2072
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2307-3
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066933-1
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Ethnic Affirmation Versus Cross-Cultural Accommodation : The Variable Impact of Questionnaire Language on Chinese Bilinguals from Hong Kong
    SAGE Publications ; 1982
    In:  Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 1982-06), p. 169-185
    Details
    In: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 1982-06), p. 169-185
    Abstract: Chinese bilinguals from Hong Kong responded to three different question-naires in their first or second language of Chinese or English. On some questionnaire items their answers to the English version differed from those to the Chinese version in a more "Western" direction (cross-cultural accommodation); for others, in a more Chinese direction (ethnic affirmation). These outcomes were unaffected by the respondents' level of identification with traditional Chinese culture or by their degree of anonymity vis-a-vis the experimenter conducting the research. An internal analysis of responses to the Rokeach Value Survey revealed that the more important the value to the respondent, the less likely they were to show cross-cultural accommodation. It thus appears that affirmation occurs on important issues in order to buttress the individual's of psychological distinctiveness from other groups (Tajfel, 1974a); compromise is possible on less important matters, presumably more peripheral to the individual's cultural self-concept.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0221 , 1552-5422
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0022002182013002003
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1982
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021892-8
    SSG: 0
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How Does Collectivism Affect Social Interactions? A Test of Two Competing Accounts
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Vol. 47, No. 3 ( 2021-03), p. 362-376
    Details
    In: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, SAGE Publications, Vol. 47, No. 3 ( 2021-03), p. 362-376
    Abstract: How does the cultural construct of collectivism impact social interactions? Two accounts of collectivism offer diverging predictions. The collectivism-as-values account proposes that people in collectivistic cultures prioritize their ingroup relationships; accordingly, this account predicts that collectivistic cultures will have more harmonious ingroup interactions than individualistic cultures. The socioecological account holds that individualistic cultures have high relational mobility, which requires people to invest in their ingroup relationships, whereas collectivistic cultures feature more fixed relationships that do not require positive engagement. To test these competing hypotheses about ingroup relationships across cultures, we sampled the daily interactions of college students in China and the United States. Results revealed that the individualistic culture (United States) had more positive ingroup interactions, more gratitude, and more emotional support than the collectivistic culture (China). The current findings are consistent with the socioecological account of collectivism and the effects of relational mobility on social relationships.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0146-1672 , 1552-7433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0146167220923230
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047603-6
    SSG: 5,2
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