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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The possible role of organics in the formation and evolution of ultrafine aircraft particles
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 104, No. D4 ( 1999-02-27), p. 4079-4087
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 104, No. D4 ( 1999-02-27), p. 4079-4087
    Abstract: We investigate the potential contribution of organic species emitted by aircraft engines to the formation of ultrafine volatile particles detected in jet wakes. The model employed here includes both acidic and organic aerosols—in their “pure” states and mixed with soot—as well as small ion clusters and electrically charged particles. The microphysical treatment accounts for the effects of charge, within the framework of a multicomponent size‐resolved kinetically controlled vapor‐aerosol system. Owing to their high proton affinities, water/acid solubility, and/or reactivities with liquid sulfuric acid and other inorganic compounds, certain organic constituents known to be generated by aircraft engines are likely to condense onto ions and charged particles and/or to be taken up by liquid sulfuric acid particles, where these particles are expected to act as efficient reaction sites. The present simulations, which are constrained by in situ measurements, indicate that in the case of very low sulfur emissions, organic species in the exhaust stream can dominate the mass of volatile particles detected at very early times. In the case of fuels with medium to high sulfur contents, the organic emissions may still contribute a significant fraction of the total aerosol mass and alter the composition of the exhaust particles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1998JD200062
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1999
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Modeling of the Contrail and Contrail Cirrus Climate Impact
    American Meteorological Society ; 2010
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 91, No. 4 ( 2010-04), p. 479-484
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 91, No. 4 ( 2010-04), p. 479-484
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2009BAMS2656.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 3
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    Global radiative forcing from contrail cirrus
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2011
    In:  Nature Climate Change Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2011-4), p. 54-58
    Details
    In: Nature Climate Change, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2011-4), p. 54-58
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1758-678X , 1758-6798
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1068
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 4
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    Process‐oriented large‐eddy simulations of a midlatitude cirrus cloud system based on observations
    Wiley ; 2011
    In:  Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Vol. 137, No. 655 ( 2011-01), p. 374-393
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Wiley, Vol. 137, No. 655 ( 2011-01), p. 374-393
    Abstract: We apply a cloud‐resolving model with explicit aerosol and ice microphysics and Lagrangian ice particle tracking to simulate the evolution of a cirrus cloud field observed during the US Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Intensive Operational Period in March 2000. This comprehensive data set includes remote sensing, radiosonde, and aircraft measurements of a midlatitude cirrus cloud system, supported by estimates of the dynamical cloud forcing. The dataset allows us to evaluate and study in great detail the process‐oriented representation of the microphysical processes relevant to the formation and evolution of deep, stratiform cirrus (in particular ice crystal sedimentation and aggregation). The suite of explicitly resolved physical processes in our model enables us to better understand the sensitivity of the simulated cirrus properties on a large number of microphysical and environmental parameters. The evolution of the domain‐integrated cloud optical depth is largely dominated by homogeneous freezing processes. We find that the evolution of the observed cirrus cloud system is most dependent on updraught speed and ice supersaturation and that homogeneous freezing leads to a total, cloud‐averaged ice crystal concentration of 0.1 cm −3 of air. It is not necessary to invoke heterogeneous ice nuclei to explain most of the data, but we cannot rule out that a small concentration (up to 0.002 cm −3 ) of such particles may have affected the cirrus cloud field in nature. Cloud‐averaged ice particle size distributions are bimodal, separating two distinct growth regimes in the developed cloud. The small mode (ice particle sizes below a few 100 μ m) forms by homogeneous freezing of supercooled aerosol droplets and grows by deposition of water molecules from the gas phase. The large mode (sizes up to several 1000 μ m) forms and grows by aggregation. We demonstrate that the formation of the largest crystals by aggregation in deep cirrus is controlled in part by the nucleation of new ice crystals in dynamically active, highly supersaturated upper cloud regions. Furthermore, a pronounced increase in the number of aggregation events is predicted in sublimation zones. The combined effect of sublimation and sedimentation leads to the formation of a very thin (vertical extension ∼ 100 m) sublimation microlayer mainly composed of aggregated ice crystals, containing relatively high total ice crystal number concentrations (∼ 0.02 cm −3 ) comparable to those generated locally by homogeneous freezing in the upper cloud layers. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9009 , 1477-870X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.v137.655
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.764
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 7650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 5
    Online Resource
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    A large‐eddy model for cirrus clouds with explicit aerosol and ice microphysics and Lagrangian ice particle tracking
    Wiley ; 2010
    In:  Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Vol. 136, No. 653 ( 2010-10), p. 2074-2093
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Wiley, Vol. 136, No. 653 ( 2010-10), p. 2074-2093
    Abstract: We introduce a novel large‐eddy model for cirrus clouds with explicit aerosol and ice microphysics, and validate its central components. A combined Eulerian/Lagrangian approach is used to simulate the formation and evolution of cirrus. While gas and size‐resolved aerosol phases are treated over a fixed Eulerian grid similar to the dynamical and thermodynamical variables, the ice phase is treated by tracking a large number of simulation ice particles. The macroscopic properties of the ice phase are deduced from statistically analysing large samples of simulation ice particle properties. The new model system covers non‐equilibrium growth of liquid supercooled aerosol particles, their homogeneous freezing, heterogeneous ice nucleation in the deposition or immersion mode, growth of ice crystals by deposition of water vapour, sublimation of ice crystals and their gravitational sedimentation, aggregation between ice crystals due to differential sedimentation, the effect of turbulent dispersion on ice particle trajectories, diabatic latent and radiative heating or cooling, and radiative heating or cooling of ice crystals. This suite of explicitly resolved physical processes enables the detailed simulation and analysis of the dynamical–microphysical–radiative feedbacks characteristic of cirrus. We draw special attention to the ice aggregation process which redistributes large ice crystals vertically and changes the ice particle size distributions accordingly. We find that aggregation of ice crystals is the key process to generate precipitation‐sized ice crystals in stratiform cirrus. A process‐oriented algorithm is developed for ice aggregation based on the trajectories and sedimentation velocities of simulation ice particles for use in the dynamically and microphysically complex, multi‐dimensional large‐eddy approach. By virtue of an idealized model set‐up, designed to isolate the effect of aggregation on the cirrus development, we show that aggregation and its effect on the ice crystal size distribution in the model is consistent with a theoretical scaling relation, which was found to be in good agreement with in situ measurements. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9009 , 1477-870X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.v136.653
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.689
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 7650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of optical depth variability on contrail radiative forcing
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Vol. 139, No. 675 ( 2013-07), p. 1658-1664
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Wiley, Vol. 139, No. 675 ( 2013-07), p. 1658-1664
    Abstract: Line‐shaped contrails arising from aircraft emissions affect radiative forcing. The magnitude of the radiative forcing from contrails depends strongly on their optical depth and their spatial and temporal variability caused by dynamical and microphysical processes. Here we investigate the significance of this variability, both for modelling contrail radiative forcing and estimating thresholds for the detection of contrails in satellite imagery. Ignoring the variability of contrail optical depth in models by prescribing a mean optical depth may overestimate mean net radiative forcing by 10−20%. Undersampling of optically thin line‐shaped contrails by passive satellite remote sensing is linked to the inability to detect flux changes in the outgoing long‐wave radiation below ≈︁3 W m −2 for conditions over the eastern North Pacific. Consideration of these findings aids efforts to better quantify uncertainties in aviation climate assessments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9009 , 1477-870X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.v139.675
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.2053
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 7650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 7
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    IO-Link Wireless enhanced factory automation communication for Industry 4.0 applications
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2018-03-06), p. 131-142
    Details
    In: Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2018-03-06), p. 131-142
    Abstract: Abstract. In the context of the Industry 4.0 initiative, Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) or Cyber Manufacturing Systems (CMS) can be characterized as advanced networked mechatronic production systems gaining their added value by interaction with the ambient Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). In this context appropriate communication technologies and standards play a vital role to realize the manifold potential improvements in the production process. One of these standards is IO-Link. In 2016 more than 5 million IO-Link nodes have been produced and delivered, still gaining increasing acceptance for the communication between sensors, actuators and the control level. The steadily increasing demand for more flexibility in automation solutions can be fulfilled using wireless technologies. With the wireless extension for the IO-Link standard, which will be presented in this article, maximum cycle times of 5 ms can be achieved with a probability that this limit will be exceeded to be at maximum one part per billion. Also roaming capabilities, wireless coexistence mechanisms and the possibility to include battery-powered or energy-harvesting sensors with very limited energy resources in the realtime network were defined. For system planning, setup, operation and maintenance, the standard engineering tools of IO-Link can be employed so that the backward compatibility with wired IO-Link solutions can be guaranteed. Interoperability between manufacturers is a key requirement for any communication standard, thus a procedure for IO-Link Wireless testing is also suggested.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2194-878X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/jsss-7-131-2018
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Assessment of perfusion of facial microvascular transplants and early detection of ischemia by perfusion–CT scan
    Elsevier BV ; 2002
    In:  Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology Vol. 94, No. 4 ( 2002-10), p. 425-431
    Details
    In: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 94, No. 4 ( 2002-10), p. 425-431
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1079-2104
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1067/moe.2002.127586
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2002
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  • 9
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    AutoPnP – Plug-and-produce in der Automation
    Vulkan-Verlag GmbH ; 2013
    In:  atp edition - Automatisierungstechnische Praxis Vol. 55, No. 04 ( 2013-04-01), p. 42-
    Details
    In: atp edition - Automatisierungstechnische Praxis, Vulkan-Verlag GmbH, Vol. 55, No. 04 ( 2013-04-01), p. 42-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2364-3137 , 2190-4111
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.17560/atp.v55i04.247
    RVK:
    ZQ 0001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Vulkan-Verlag GmbH
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 10
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    Cirrus Clouds and Their Response to Anthropogenic Activities
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2017
    In:  Current Climate Change Reports Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2017-3), p. 45-57
    Details
    In: Current Climate Change Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2017-3), p. 45-57
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2198-6061
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s40641-017-0060-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2017
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