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  • Articles  (29)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental study of non-Boussinesq Rayleigh–Bénard convection at high Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 11 (1999), S. 2969-2976 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A set of experiments is performed, in which a layer of fluid is heated from below and cooled from above, in order to study convection at high Rayleigh numbers (Ra) and Prandtl numbers (Pr). The working fluid, corn syrup, has a viscosity that depends strongly on temperature. Viscosity within the fluid layer varies by a factor of 6 to 1.8×103 in the various experiments. A total of 28 experiments are performed for 104〈Ra〈108 and Pr sufficiently large, 103〈Pr〈106, that the Reynolds number (Re) is less than 1; here, values of Ra and Pr are based on material properties at the average of the temperatures at the top and bottom of the fluid layer. As Ra increases above O(105), flow changes from steady to time-dependent. As Ra increases further, large scale flow is gradually replaced by isolated rising and sinking plumes. At Ra〉O(107), there is no evidence for any large scale circulation, and flow consists only of plumes. Plumes have mushroom-shaped "heads" and continuous "tails" attached to their respective thermal boundary layers. The characteristic frequency for the formation of these plumes is consistent with a Ra2/3 scaling. In the experiments at the largest Ra, the Nusselt number (Nu) is lower than expected, based on an extrapolation of the Nu–Ra relationship determined at lower Ra; at the highest Ra, Re→1, and the lower-than-expected Nu is attributed to inertial effects that reduce plume head speeds. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870156
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    VARIATION IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SNOWMELT RUNOFF IN OREGON AND ENSO AND PDO (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 40 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The value of using climate indices such as ENSO or PDO in water resources predictions is dependent on understanding the local relationship between these indices and streamflow over time. This study identifies long term seasonal and spatial variations in the strength of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) correlations with timing and magnitude of discharge in snowmelt streams in Oregon. ENSO is best correlated with variability in annual discharge, and PDO is best correlated with spring snowmelt timing and magnitude and timing of annual floods. Streams in the Cascades and Wallowa mountains show the strongest correlations, while the southernmost stream is not correlated with ENSO or PDO. ENSO correlations are weaker from 1920 to 1950 and vary significantly depending on whether Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) or Niño 3.4 is used. PDO correlations are strong from 1920 to 1950 and weak or insignificant other years. Although there are not consistent increasing or decreasing trends in annual discharge or spring snowmelt timing, there are significant increases in fractional winter runoff that are independent of precipitation, PDO, or ENSO and may indicate monotonic winter warming.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01063.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of drops in cavity flows: Aggregation of high viscosity ratio drops (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 8 (1996), S. 1732-1737 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interactions of deformable drops in cavity flows is studied numerically in the limit of low Reynolds numbers for a two-dimensional model. Flow in a square cavity is driven by the steady motion of one of the walls. Deformable drops will migrate across streamlines until they reach an equilibrium trajectory or equilibrium position; the rate and direction of migration depend on both the viscosity ratio and capillary number. High viscosity ratio deformable drops have a tendency to aggregate and form clusters. The presence of a deformable dispersed phase results in an elastic behavior of the suspension. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868957
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    USING SPRINGS TO STUDY GROUNDWATER FLOW AND ACTIVE GEOLOGIC PROCESSES (2001)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 29 (2001), S. 201-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Spring water provides a unique opportunity to study a range of subsurface processes in regions with few boreholes or wells. However, because springs integrate the signal of geological and hydrological processes over large spatial areas and long periods of time, they are an indirect source of information. This review illustrates a variety of techniques and approaches that are used to interpret measurements of isotopic tracers, water chemistry, discharge, and temperature. As an example, a set of springs in the Oregon Cascades is considered. By using tracers, temperature, and discharge measurements, it is possible to determine the mean-residence time of water, infer the spatial pattern and extent of groundwater flow, estimate basin-scale hydraulic properties, calculate the regional heat flow, and quantify the rate of magmatic intrusion beneath the volcanic arc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.29.1.201
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boundary-layer thickness and instabilities in Bénard convection of a liquid with a temperature-dependent viscosity (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 13 (2001), S. 802-805 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: New and published experimental measurements of spatial and temporal aspects of variable-viscosity convection are compared with boundary layer models. Viscosity μ is assumed to decrease with increasing temperature T so that convection occurs beneath a relatively stagnant layer. Of particular interest to applications involving asymptotically large viscosity variations, is the result that both the temperature difference across the hot thermal boundary layer and the frequency of thermal formation scale with the rheological temperature scale −(d log μ/dT)−1. Measurements indicate that for large Rayleigh numbers, viscosity varies by less than a factor of (approximate)37 across the actively convecting region. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1345719
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for an ancient martian ocean in the topography of deformed shorelines (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 447 (2007), S. 840-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A suite of observations suggests that the northern plains of Mars, which cover nearly one third of the planet's surface, may once have contained an ocean. Perhaps the most provocative evidence for an ancient ocean is a set of surface features that ring the plains for thousands of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05873
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Explosive volcanism may not be an inevitable consequence of magma fragmentation (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 426 (2003), S. 432-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The fragmentation of magma, containing abundant gas bubbles, is thought to be the defining characteristic of explosive eruptions. When viscous stresses associated with the growth of bubbles and the flow of the ascending magma exceed the strength of the melt, the magma breaks into disconnected ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02138
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Earth science Shaken, not stirred (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 410 (2001), S. 1041-1043 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The slow and continual deformation of the Earth's mantle is seen in the motion of tectonic plates at the surface. Flow in the mantle is driven by density variations, which are caused by changes in temperature and composition. Unfortunately, the velocity, pattern and driving forces of flow cannot be ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35074235
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of a chemical boundary layer on the fixity, spacing and lifetime of mantle plumes (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 418 (2002), S. 760-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Seismological observations provide evidence that the lowermost mantle contains superposed thermal and compositional boundary layers that are laterally heterogeneous. Whereas the thermal boundary layer forms as a consequence of the heat flux from the Earth's outer core, the origin of an ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature00979
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1996)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 146 (1996), S. 393-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876499
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