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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sonographic assessment of normal spleen volume (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 8 (1995), S. 252-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: spleen volume ; spleen ultrasound ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thirty-two morphologically normal spleens from adult corpses were excised and immersed into a graduated water tank and the water volume displaced was considered as the actual spleen volume. after that, the splenic maximal height, width, and breadth were determined by a pachimeter. all the reference points were marked with a metal clip. utilizing the metal clip references ultrasound maximal height, width, and breadth were determined. it was assumed that the ultrasound spleen volume was the result of the multiplication of the three ultrasonographic measurements previously obtained.There was no significant difference between pachimeter and ultrasound determinations. The mean actual spleen volume was 147.5 cm3 (SD = 81.46). The mean ultrasound spleen volume was 283.8 cm3 (SD = 168.27). A roughly linear correlation between actual spleen volume (y) and ultrasound spleen volume (x) was found, y = 14.23 + 0.469 × (R2 = 0.94, P 〈 0.01). © 1995 WiIey-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980080403
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular mechanisms of the antihormonal and antiimplantation effects of norethisterone and its a-ring reduced metabolites (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 40 (1995), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Synthetic progestins ; Uteroglobin ; Pregnancy ; Rabbit endometrium ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Norethisterone (NET) has been used as a contragestational postcoital agent. It is biotrans-formed to 5α dihydro-NET (5α-NET) and 3β,5α tetrahydro-NET (3β,5α-NET) in target tissues. The participation of these metabolites in NET effects is unknown. We have examined the antiimplantation and antiprogestational effects of NET and its metabolites, in adult mated female rabbits, by assessing the number of implantation sites and the expression products of the uteroglobin (UTG) gene in the uterus, and by comparing them with those of RU-486 and estradiol. Steroids were daily administered s.c. at several doses for 7 consecutive days, starting 24 hr after coitus. To assure that fertilization occurred in all animals, the presence of early pregnancy factor was determined. The results demonstrated that high doses (5 mg/kg) of NET reduced both implantation and the expression of the UTG gene. On the other hand, lower doses (1.5 mg/kg) of 5α-NET produced an antiimplantation effect and suppressed UTG synthesis and its mRNA. These effects were similar to those of RU-486. At lower doses (1 mg/kg), both estradiol and the estrogenic metabolite 3β,5α-NET were also effective in inhibiting implantation and UTG gene expression. The overall results suggest that NET metabolites exert antiimplantation and antiprogestational effects through their interaction with progesterone and estrogen receptors, and provide an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in the postcoital contraceptive action of NET. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080400204
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endometrial expression of progesterone receptor and uteroglobin genes during early pregnancy in the rabbit (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 34 (1993), S. 244-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Steroid receptors ; Rabbit endometrium ; Hormone regulation ; Gene expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The progesterone receptor (PR) plays a pivotal role in the maturation process of the secretory endometrium, implantation and maintenance of pregnancy in rabbits. To determine the dynamics of PR gene expression and its physiological significance, the endometrial expression of PR and PR mRNA were evaluated and compared with the expression of the progesterone-regulated uteroglobin (UG) gene during 0-5 days post-coitus in rabbits. The results of immunoblot experiments indicated the presence of PR in endometrial cell extracts from days 1-4 of pregnancy with maximum PR immunostaining on day 2, followed by a marked diminution until its complete disappearance on day 5. When endometrial PR mRNA content was assessed by Northern blots, the results were similar to those of PR immunostaining, with maximal concentrations on the second day after mating. However, PR mRNA levels were still high on day 3, despite the concomitant decrease in immunostainable PR. Endometrial UG gene expression, on the other hand, exhibited a different time sequence. Thus, the UG content in uterine flushings progressively increased from day 3 after mating, reaching maximal levels on the fifth day. The endometrial UG mRNA content presented a similar profile, as its maximum concentration occurred on days 4-5. The overall results indicate that endometrial PR is down-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels, possibly by endogenous progesterone during early pregnancy. The striking observation that maximal expression of endometrial UG gene products occurred when PR and its mRNA are no longer detectable suggests an important role for this progesterone-binding uterine protein during the preimplantation period. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080340303
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