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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Male rank, reproductive behavior, and reproductive success in free-ranging rhesus macaques (1993)
    Springer
    Primates 34 (1993), S. 481-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Macaca mulatta ; Cayo Santiago ; DNA fingerprinting ; Paternity ; Mating success ; Dominance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Paternity assessment through DNA fingerprinting by synthetic oligonucleotide probes was applied to one birth cohort in a social group of free-ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) on Cayo Santiago. The 11 group males and 9 males from other groups were observed mating with the females. Paternity was determined for 11 of the 15 infants. Male dominance rank was not associated with reproductive success. High-ranking resident males (N=5) sired 27% of the infants born during a one-year study. Four of the 11 infants of known paternity were sired by males of other social groups. The four infants of unknown paternity were sired either by males not observed mating with the females or the low-ranking male who was not fingerprinted. Male dominance rank was not associated with reproductive activity during conception cycles. These results suggest that the effect of rank on male reproductive success is not a predictable correlation, but a conditional probability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382659
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal investment in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): reproductive costs and consequences of raising sons (2000)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 48 (2000), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Macaca mulatta ; Maternal investment ; Sex ratio ; Paternity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Maternal investment in offspring is expected to vary according to offspring sex when the reproductive success of the progeny is a function of differential levels of parental expenditure. We conducted a longitudinal investigation of rhesus macaques to determine whether variation in male progeny production, measured with both DNA fingerprinting and short tandem repeat marker typing, could be traced back to patterns of maternal investment. Males weigh significantly more than females at birth, despite an absence of sex differences in gestation length. Size dimorphism increases during infancy, with maternal rank associated with son’s, but not daughter’s, weight at the end of the period of maternal investment. Son’s, but not daughter’s, weight at 1 year of age is significantly correlated with adult weight, and male, but not female, weight accounts for a portion of the variance in reproductive success. Variance in annual offspring output was three- to fourfold higher in males than in females. We suggest that energetic costs of rearing sons could be buffered by fetal delivery of testosterone to the mother, which is aromatized to estrogen and fosters fat accumulation during gestation. We conclude that maternal investment is only slightly greater in sons than in daughters, with mothers endowing sons with extra resources because son, but not daughter, mass has ramifications for offspring sirehood. However, male reproductive tactics supersede maternal investment patterns as fundamental regulators of male fitness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650000204
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic determination of paternity and variation in male reproductive success in two populations of rhesus macaques (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 18 (1997), S. 1701-1705 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: DNA fingerprint ; Short tandem marker typing ; Paternity ; Differential reproduction ; Macaca mulatta ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fundamental framework for uncovering factors affecting the evolution of social behavior rests upon analyses of variation in reproductive success. In species where females mate with multiple males, paternity is invisible in the absence of genetic data. We determined paternity in two populations of rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, using both single locus and multilocus techniques. One troop, Group R, is one of four troops living on a 15 ha island (Cayo Santiago) off the coast of Puerto Rico, while the other troop, Group M, was translocated from Cayo Santiago to the Sabana Seca Field Station (Puerto Rico) in 1984. About a dozen human-derived short tandem repeat (STR) markers have been found to be polymorphic in the study of populations and provide the initial paternity determination. Final evaluation of paternity is then confirmed by multilocus DNA fingerprinting using synthetic oligonucleotide probes. Body condition, age, and dominance rank have an impact on male progeny production, while canine size does not. We suggest that nonagonistic competition in the form of sperm competition and endurance rivalry will modulate male reproductive success. A large body size among males provides them with an advantage in both sperm competition and endurance rivalry. Comparison of the two populations indicated that demographic, social, ecological, and morphological factors interact to regulate variation in reproductive success among male nonhuman primates.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150180939
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallel genome analysis by one- and two-dimensional DNA fingerprinting in human gliomas (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 16 (1995), S. 1715-1725 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: DNA fingerprinting ; Two-dimensional DNA typing ; Genome scanning ; Tumor analysis ; Gliomas ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The detection of DNA variation in cancers is an important step in elucidating the mechanism of tumorigenesis. Using the strategy of multipoint genome analysis we detected many differences between glioma-derived and constitutional DNA by customary DNA fingerprinting with simple repetitive oligonucleotide probes. Amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene has been found to be easily detectable as new or highly intensified bands in one-dimensional (1-D) DNA fingerprints of glioblastoma DNA generated with probes (GTG)5 or (GT)8. However, in most low-grade astrocytomas, 1-D DNA fingerprinting has failed to reveal any genomic abnormalities. In these cases a two-dimensional (2-D) technique was successfully employed that is based on size separation in neutral gels followed by sequence-dependent separation in denaturing gradient gels and hybridization with several mini- and microsatellite core probes. The hundreds of spots visualized with this technique were used to detect subtle changes probably occurring as the initial steps of tumorigenesis in human gliomas. On average, five of the approximately 580 sports generated by probes CAC and 33.6 were found to be altered in tumor DNA; 80% of the alterations were spot losses, the rest being spot gains or amplifications. Computer-based image analysis using an external lambda marker provided a stringent way to compare spot patterns generated by 2-D DNA finger-printing. In comparisons performed between typing patterns generated on the same gel, 99% of truly identical spots were confirmed by the sofware. In intergel comparisons 84% of identical spots were matched on the basis of the marker information alone.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501601284
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning of minisatellite-containing sequences from two-dimensional DNA fingerprinting gels reveals the identity of genomic alterations in low-grade gliomas of different patients (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 18 (1997), S. 1586-1591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Two-dimensional DNA fingerprinting ; Gliomas ; Genomic changes ; Spot cloning ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two-dimensional (2-D) DNA fingerprinting was used to investigate genomic changes in human low-grade gliomas of different subtypes. DNA variations were identified in the 2-D hybridization patterns as spot losses or gains. Computer-aided matching of spot patterns from different patients revealed a clustering of spot changes at particular areas in the gel. Representative spots of each cluster were cloned using a spot cloning protocol which includes the preparation of a duplicate and a master gel. The DNA fragments of the 2-D gels were transferred to DEAE and nylon membrane, respectively. After hybridization of the master blot with a minisatellite core probe, the position of a particular spot was determined with reference to the lambda DNA fragments used as external markers in both gels. The gel spot DNA was recovered from the DEAE membrane by high salt elution and was polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified after ligation of adaptor oligo cassettes. The PCR products were cloned and used as locus-specific probe for the rehybridization of the 2-D blots. One of these probes detected a spot loss in 7 of 28 low-grade gliomas of different subtypes analyzed. Another probe revealed a characteristic intensity shift in 8 of 9 pilocytic astrocytomas between two neighboring spots. The target sequence of this highly specific effect was assigned to chromosome 11q14 by in situ hybridization of a P1 clone harboring the affected genomic region. Thus, we successfully established a spot cloning procedure for the generation of locus-specific probes that may be instrumental in the discovery of the ciritical early events of glioma pathogenesis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150180917
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