Note: Intro -- Contents -- Current books of interest -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part I: Mechanisms of Evolution -- 1: A Candidate Hopeful Monster in the Genus Campylobacter -- Introduction -- Hybridization by horizontal gene transfer -- 2: Learning About Recombination in Campylobacter -- Introduction -- Estimating recombination from population data -- Estimating recombination from closely related isolates -- Discussion -- 3: Within-host Evolution of Campylobacter jejuni -- Introduction -- Phenotypic changes of Campylobacter jejuni after host passage -- Genotypic changes of Campylobacter jejuni during host passage -- Conclusions -- Future studies -- 4: Concerted Evolution in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli -- Concerted evolution -- Duplicated genes in Campylobacter -- Unresolved questions -- 5: Genome and Transcriptome Evolution in the Genus Campylobacter -- Introduction -- Characteristics of Campylobacter genome sequences -- Transcriptome evolution in the genus Campylobacter -- Conclusions -- 6: Repetitive DNA: A Major Source of Genetic Diversity in Campylobacter Populations? -- Introduction -- Types, prevalence and mutability of SSRs in Campylobacter genomes -- Variation in SSRs has functionally important phenotypic effects -- Combinatorial consequences of multiple phase-variable genes -- Influence of mutational, selective and population forces on the diversity of phase-variable genotypes -- Modelling phase-variable genes and selection for mutational rates -- Experimental issues connected with phase variation -- Summary -- Future perspectives -- Part II: Adaptations to Host Colonization -- 7: Campylobacter Strategies for Colonizing the Host Gastrointestinal Tract -- Introduction -- Carbon sources utilized by Campylobacter to support growth in vivo -- Mucins and the mucous layer -- Conclusions and future trends. , 8: The Intricate Relationship Between Campylobacter and Mucus -- The stucture and function of intestinal mucus -- The ecology of C. jejuni in intestinal mucus -- Mucus as a source of glycans -- Campylobacter jejuni commensalism in chickens -- Conclusions and future directions -- 9: Campylobacter Association with the Human Host -- Introduction -- Adhesion, invasion and translocation -- Bacterial factors influencing adhesion and invasion of C. jejuni -- Do all campylobacters invade to the same extent? -- Conclusion -- 10: Siderophore-mediated Iron Acquisition for Campylobacter Infection -- Introduction -- Iron sources in the intestine: an ecological view -- Enterobactin-mediated iron acquisition -- Salmochelin-mediated iron acquisition -- Hydroxamate siderophore-mediated iron acquisition -- Conclusion and future directions -- 11: Genetic Mechanisms Involved in Campylobacter jejuni Survival Under Oxidative Stress Conditions -- The C. jejuni survival conundrum -- Oxidative stress overview -- C. jejuni mechanisms for countering oxidative stress -- Oxidative stress regulation in C. jejuni -- Discussion and future perspectives -- 12: Oxidative Stress Survival During Campylobacter Transmission and Infection -- Campylobacter jejuni transmission and aerotolerance -- Reactive oxygen species -- Aerobic stress effector proteins -- Regulation of aerobic stress responses -- Oxidative stress responses during transmission of C. jejuni -- Oxidative stress and transmission of C. jejuni in an avian host -- Oxidative stress survival of C. jejuni outside the host -- Oxidative stress survival during infection -- Conclusions and future trends -- 13: The Role of the Flagellum in Campylobacter jejuni Colonization and Disease -- Introduction -- C. jejuni-mediated enteritis -- Flagellar structure and gene expression. , The role of flagellum in adherence and invasion of host cells -- C. jejuni engages in a novel synthetic response when cultured with epithelial cells leading to protein secretion -- Identification of genes encoding the Cia virulence proteins -- Identification and characterization of the Cia proteins -- Putative roles of the Cia proteins -- Evidence that the C. jejuni flagellum is necessary for protein export -- The C. jejuni flagellar export apparatus is necessary for Cia protein delivery to host cells -- Mechanism of flagellar effector secretion and delivery -- Identification of additional non-flagellar proteins exported from the flagellum -- Biofilm formation is dependent on flagellum -- Conclusions and future perspectives -- 14: Does Biofilm Formation Aid Colonization and Infection in Campylobacter? -- Introduction -- Attachment and adhesins -- Role of flagella and motility in adhesion and invasion -- Effect of oxygen on biofilm formation -- Phase switching in biofilm formation -- Environmental phosphate -- Campylobacter planktonic growth regulation complex (CprRS) -- Concluding remarks -- 15: Alternative Infection Models for Campylobacter jejuni -- Introduction -- In vitro cultured cell infection models -- Human cell lines -- Non-human cell lines -- In vivo alternative infection models -- Zebra fish embryo as a model for Campylobacter studies -- Campylobacter metabolism and host adaptation -- Part III: Molecular Epidemiology -- 16: Exploring the Population Dynamics of Multiple Campylobacter Strains in Poultry -- Introduction -- Multiple carriage of Campylobacter strains within flocks -- Multiple carriage of Campylobacter strains amongst individual birds -- Multiple carriage of Campylobacter strains and implications for sampling -- Future directions -- Conclusion -- 17: Evolution of Campylobacter Species in New Zealand. , History of New Zealand, including domestic and wild animal introductions, from pre-human to post European colonization -- Theoretical effect of isolation and introduction on the population of Campylobacter spp. -- Molecular epidemiology of human campylobacteriosis in New Zealand -- Study 1: population genetics of Campylobacter spp. isolated from native non-migratory wild bird species in New Zealand -- Study 2: population structure of Campylobacter jejuni in New Zealand compared with the UK -- Study 3: The evolution of ST-474: New Zealand's most important public health-related sequence type -- Conclusion -- 18: How Molecular Typing has Changed our Understanding on Sources and Transmission Routes of Campylobacteriosis in Finland -- Introduction -- Epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in Finland -- Poultry as a source of domestically acquired infections in Finland -- Cattle as a source of domestically acquired infections in Finland -- Population structure of isolates -- Water as a source of domestically acquired infections in Finland -- Genetic markers -- 19: Extensive Spatial and Temporal Clustering of Campylobacter Infections -- Introduction -- Materials and methods -- Results -- Discussion -- 20: Ecology and Host Associations of Campylobacter in Wild Birds -- Poultry and Campylobacter -- C. jejuni occurrence in wild birds -- Epidemiological studies of wild bird campylobacters -- Concluding remarks -- Part IV: Ecology in Poultry -- 21: Epidemiology and Control of Campylobacter in Modern Broiler Production -- Introduction -- Commercial broiler production, a brief description -- Colonization of broiler flocks by Campylobacter -- Within-flock transmission -- Sources, vehicles and routes of infection -- Risk factor analysis studies -- Transportation and holding -- Slaughter and processing -- Mitigation measures at different stages of broiler production. , Campylobacter prevalence and monitoring -- Detection challenges -- Future trends -- 22: Conditional Commensalism of Campylobacter in Chickens -- Colonization of the host -- Invasive behaviour in poultry -- Colonization invokes an immune response -- Disease -- Host susceptibility to disease -- Conclusions -- 23: The Chicken Reservoir and Specific Alleles at Conserved Contingency Loci Can Promote Host Colonization and Disease by Campylobacter jejuni -- Introduction -- Summary of recent studies in our laboratory -- Discussion -- Focus of future work -- Conclusions -- 24: The Long Road Ahead: Unravelling the Immune Response to Campylobacter in the Chicken -- Introduction -- The chicken immune system -- The innate immune response to Campylobacter -- Adaptive immunity to Campylobacter -- Regulation of the immune response -- Vaccination to control Campylobacter -- Genetic resistance - selective breeding towards Campylobacter control -- Conclusions -- Future trends - the long road ahead -- Index.