Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Sponsors and Co-sponsors -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Climatic Characteristics -- 1 Trends in Temperature for the Himalayan Environment of Leh (Jammu and Kashmir), India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Mann-Kendall Test -- Estimation of Magnitude of Trends -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 Changes in Sunshine Duration in Humid Environments of Agartala (Tripura), India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area and Meteorological Data -- Methods of Trend Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Application of Multiple Linear Regression as Downscaling Methodology for Lower Godavari Basin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Selection of Predictors and Predictands -- Selection of GCM and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) -- Data Preparation -- Statistical Downscaling -- Results and Discussion -- Application of Downscaled Scenarios for Future Periods -- Analysis for Grid 1: 17.5N-80.5E -- Analysis for Grid 2: 17.5N-81.5E -- Analysis for Grid 3: 18.5N-80.5E -- Analysis for Grid 4: 18.5N-81.5E -- Analysis for Grid 5: 18.5N-82.5E -- Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Statistical Downscaling of Minimum Temperature of Raipur (C.G.) India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Statistical Down Scaling Model (SDSM) -- Study Area and Data Used -- Methodology -- Analysis of Results -- CGCM A1B Forcing Condition -- Generation of Series for A2 Forcing Condition -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Statistical Downscaling of Daily Temperatures and Precipitation Data from Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project 5 (CMIP5)-RCPs Experiment: In Weyib River Basin, Southeastern Ethiopia -- Abstract. , Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area (Weyib River Basin) -- Earth System Model (ESM) and RCP Scenarios -- Types of Data Used -- Downscaling Methods -- Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) -- Precipitation and Temperatures Scenario Statistics -- Mann-Kendall Trend Test -- SDSM Performance Evaluation -- Coefficient of Determination (R2) -- Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient (E) -- Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) -- Results and Discussion -- Selected Potential Predictor Variables -- Calibration and Validation of SDSM for Both Temperatures and Precipitation -- Scenarios Developed for Future Temperatures and Precipitation -- Maximum Temperature Scenarios -- Minimum Temperature Scenarios -- Precipitation Scenarios -- Mann-Kendall Trend Test of Future Temperatures and Precipitation -- Summary and Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Global Climate Pattern Behind Hydrological Extremes in Central India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area and Data -- Methodology -- Quantification of Dry and Wet Events Through Standardized Precipitation Anomaly Index (SPAI) -- Identification of the Global Climate Pattern (GCP) for Central India -- Utilization of the Identified GCP for Prediction of Dry and Wet Events in Central India -- Reduction of Dimensionality of GCP -- Model for Classification of Dry and Wet Events -- Evaluation of the Prediction Performance Using GCP as Input -- Results and Discussions -- Identification of the Global Climate Pattern for Central India -- Global Fields of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) -- Global Fields of Surface Pressure (SP) -- Global Fields of Air Temperature (AT), Wind Speed (WS), and Total Precipitable Water (TPW) -- Utilization of the Identified GCP for Prediction of Dry and Wet Events in Central India -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 7 Changes in ENSO and IOD Effects on the Extreme Rainfall of Hyderabad City, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area and Data -- Methodology -- Results and Discussions -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Rainfall Analysis -- 8 Detecting Changes in Regional Rainfall Series in India Using Binary Segmentation-Based Multiple Change-Point Detection Techniques -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Estimation of the Multiple Change-Points Using Binary Segmentation Approach -- Estimation of Test Statistics Lambda -- Study Area and Data -- Results and Discussion -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 9 Analyzing Non-stationarity in the Hyderabad City Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area and Data -- Methodology -- Trend Analysis -- The Non-stationary IDF Curves -- Results and Discussion -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Development of Finer Resolution Rainfall Scenario for Kangsabati Catchment and Command -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area and Data Acquisition -- Methodology -- Development of Downscaling Model for NCEP Reanalysis Outputs -- Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) -- Kernel Regression (KR) -- Performance Evaluation of MLR and KR Downscaling Techniques -- Establishment of Downscaling Technique for Multi-GCM Ensemble Outputs -- Results and Analysis -- Performance Comparison of MLR and KR Statistical Downscaling Techniques -- Multi-GCM Ensemble Rainfall Prediction for Historical and RCP8.5 Scenarios -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 Investigation of the Relationship Between Natural Aerosols and Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall Using a Climate Model -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Data Set and Methods -- Results -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Impacts of Climate Change -- 12 Change Point Analysis of Air Temperature in India -- Abstract. , Introduction -- Methodology -- Study Area -- Data Used -- Pettit's Test -- Results and Discussions -- Change Point Analysis -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 13 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Sewage Treatment Plants Based on Sequential Batch Reactor in Maharashtra -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 14 Study of Climate Change in Uttarakhand Himalayas: Changing Patterns of Historical Rainfall -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area and Data Used -- Methodology -- Trend Analysis -- Regression Model -- Mann Kendall Model -- Data Preparation -- Trend Analysis and Results -- Conclusions -- References -- 15 The Impact of Climate Change on Rainfall Variability: A Study in Central Himalayas -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Study Area -- Data Used -- Methodology -- Determination of Anomalies -- Regression Model -- Magnitude of Trend -- Significance of Trend -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- 16 Estimation of Changes in Annual Peak Flows in Netravathi River Basin, Karnataka, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Data Used and Methodology -- Trend of Historical Changes of Annual Peak Flows -- Sen's Slope Estimator Test -- Flood-Frequency Analyses for Full Periods of Record -- Results and Discussions -- Flood-Frequency Analysis for Observed Peak Stream Flows -- Conclusion -- References -- 17 Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources in Semi-Arid Region of Chittorgarh, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Study Area -- Study Framework -- Data Collection -- Data Analysis Using PROMETHEE -- Results and Discussion -- Verification of Results -- Using Analytical Hierarchy Process -- Using Social Choice Method -- Climate Change Impact and Its Prediction -- Conclusions -- References. , 18 Water Availability Under Changing Climate Scenario in Ur River Basin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Computation of Aerial Average Rainfall -- Potential Evapotranspiration -- Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) Model -- Monthly Water Balance Model -- Assessment of Climate Change Impacts -- Results and Discussion -- Assessment of Climate Change Impacts -- Conclusions -- References -- 19 Water Sustainability Assessment Under Climatic Uncertainty-A Case Study of Chhattisgarh (India) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Terminology Used in the Assessment of WSI -- Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) -- Probability Density Function Used in SPI -- Goodness-of-Fit Tests -- Reliability-Resilience-Vulnerability for SPI Time Series -- Reliability -- Resilience -- Vulnerability -- Relative Vulnerability -- Water Sustainability -- Distance-Based Multicriteria Decision Making -- Proposed Methodology for Water Sustainability Assessment -- Case Study -- WSI Under HadCM3-A2 Climate Change Scenario -- WSI Under HadCM3-B2 Climate Change Scenario -- Conclusions -- References -- Low Flow and Drought -- 20 Coupling of Tennant Concept with Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for the Prediction of Environmental Flow Condition from Rainfall in Upper Narmada Basin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Standardized Precipitation Index -- Tennant Method -- Results and Discussion -- Mohegaon Catchment -- Hridaynagar Catchment -- Manot Catchment -- Sher Catchment -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 21 Assessment of Drought in Balangir District of Odisha, India Using Drought Indices -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Description of Study Area -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References. , 22 Impact of HFC Fire Extinguishing Clean Agents on Climate Change and Its System Design Requirements for Fire Hazards in India-A Brief Study.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Sponsors and Co-sponsors -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Irrigation -- 1 Identification of Farming Systems in Tribal Region of Zone IV-B of Rajasthan (India) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Results -- Area Under Various Crops in Study Area -- Livestock Population in the Study Area -- Farming Systems -- Farming Systems in Dungarpur District -- Rain-Fed Condition -- Farming Systems in Banswara District -- Rain-Fed Condition -- Irrigated Condition -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Energy Assessment of Rice Under Conventional and Drip Irrigation Systems -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Operations -- Method of Energy Calculation -- Evaluation of Manual Energy Input -- Evaluation of Mechanical Energy Use -- Data Recorded for Energy Determination -- Energy Indices -- Results and Discussions -- Conclusions -- References -- 3 Response of Okra Under Microsprinkler and Surface Methods of Irrigation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussions -- Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Development of Universal Ultimate Total Green Chemistry and Eco-Agriculture for Sustainable Productivity -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Method -- Results -- The Green Chemistry -- Chemistry in Production System -- Salt Formation -- Measures to Overcome the Toxic Heavy Metal and Toxic Gases Generated in the Production Process -- The Racy Nature Agriculture Technology -- The Technology -- Technology Module -- Validation of the Technology -- Crops and Cropping Patterns -- Yearly Yield Enhancement and Water Conservation -- New Cropping Practice Based on Nitrogen Cycle Management -- Improvement in Quality -- Reduction in GHG Releases -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 5 Landscape Gardening and Environmental Restoration: Concerns in Mughal Kashmir -- Abstract -- Landscape Garden Ecology -- Source and Methodology -- Mughal Concerns -- Other Notable Gardens Established Around Dal Lake -- Of Water and Plants in the Mughal Gardens of Kashmir -- Significance of Water and the water Channels -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Eco-Treatment Zone in Open Drain -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Make Drains Treatment Zones -- Ecotechnologies -- Advantages -- Case Study I -- Ecological Restoration of Rasoolabad Stream Complex on the Bbanks of Ganga River, Allahabad (Patil et al. 2012) -- Ecological Treatment System Installed Under Rasoolabad Stream Complex -- Some Important Highlight of the Project -- Case Study II -- Ecological Restoration of Udaipur's Ahar River (Kodarkar and Joshi 2010) -- Analysis of Ahar River -- Transparency of River at Various Locations -- Conclusion -- References -- Water Resources Planning and Management -- 7 Water Crisis: Issues and Challenges in Punjab -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Sources of Water and Their Status in Punjab -- Groundwater -- Rainfall -- Rivers and Canal -- Water Quality and Health Issues -- Government Initiatives -- Future Prospects -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Issues and Challenges of River Health Assessment in India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- River Health-Issues of Concern -- Water Quality Index-Issues of Concern -- Category of Indicators and Sub-indicators for River Health -- Aggregation of Sub-indicators/Indicators -- Grading Scale for River Health -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 Coastal Reservoir-How to Develop Freshwater from the Sea Without Desalination -- Abstract -- Introduction and Problem Statement -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Leakage Detection Studies for Water Supply Systems-A Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background. , Recent Studies on Leakage Detection -- Discussion -- References -- 11 Quantification of Water Footprint of National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Water Footprint: Status Quo -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Assessment of Domestic Water Footprint -- Assessment of Agricultural Water Footprint -- Assessment of Industrial Water Footprint -- Assessment of Virtual Water -- Results and Discussion -- Domestic Water Footprint -- Agriculture Water Footprint -- Industrial Water Footprint -- Virtual Water -- Total Water Footprint -- Conclusion -- Limitations -- References -- 12 Salt Water Intrusion and Water Security Issues of Coastal Community: Case of Thane District (Maharashtra) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix 1: Spatial Relations -- Bibliography -- 13 Study of Suction Versus Water Content of Soil of Turamdih Area Mixed with Bentonite and Its Implication on the Liner Property of Tailing Dam: A Case Study of East Singhbhum, Jharkhand, Eastern India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Theoretical Background of Suction -- Methods Used -- Soil Total Suction Measurement -- Experimental Procedure -- Soil Matric Suction Measurements -- Experimental Procedure -- Test Materials -- Result and Discussion -- References -- 14 Long-Term Water Planning: A Review of Kenya National Water Master Plan 2030 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- General Background -- Historical Background -- Study Area -- Socio-economic Development -- Problem Statement -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- The Legal and Institutional Setup -- Climate Change -- Population Projections -- Water Availability -- Water Uses -- Balance of Demand and Available Water Resources -- Challenges in Long-Term Water Planning -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Conclusions -- Recommendations. , Acknowledgements -- References -- 15 Integrated Water Management at Local Government Level for Southern Africa -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Main Objectives and Methodology -- Water Cycle -- Institutional Models -- South Africa -- Namibia -- Zimbabwe -- Botswana -- Zambia -- The WDM Model -- Evaluation Criteria -- Evaluation -- Results -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 16 Integrated Water Resources Management in Malaysia: Some Initiatives at the Basin Level -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Integrated Water Resources Management -- Langat River Basin in Malaysia -- Water Resources Management Issues in Langat -- Some Initiatives at Basin Level -- Through Establishment of IWRM Research Group -- Through IWRM R& -- D Projects -- Through IWRM Capacity Building Programmes -- Through Stakeholders and Community Engagements -- Key Challenges -- Conclusion -- References -- 17 A Mechanical System for Lake Environment Management -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Water Hyacinth Management in Lakes -- The Invention -- Water Hyacinth Chopper Cum Crusher -- Significant Achievements and Advantages of the Developed Machine -- References -- 18 Wetland Characterization and Implications on Agriculture in L. Victoria Basin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- ERT Imaging -- Transect 1 -- Transect 2 -- Transect 3 -- Transect 4 -- Stable Isotope Signatures -- Results and Discussion -- ERT Imaging -- Profile 1 -- Profile 2 -- Profile 3 -- Profile 4 -- Borehole Distribution in the Study Area -- Stable Isotope Signatures -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 19 Coastal Land Use/Land Cover and Shoreline Studies for Dakshina Kannada Coast, Karnataka, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Data Used -- Methodology -- General Methodology -- Shoreline Configuration -- LU/LC Mapping. , Results and Discussion -- Analysis of Shoreline Change -- Land Use Land Cover -- Conclusions -- References -- 20 Management of Coalbed Methane and Coal Mine Produced Water for Beneficial Use in Damodar Basin of India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Results and Discussions -- Summary and Conclusion -- References -- 21 Water Supply-Demand Assessment in Ur River Watershed in Tikamgarh District -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Water Balance Equation -- System Inflows -- System Water Use -- Evaporation from Water Bodies -- Evapotranspiration -- Evapotranspiration from Cropped Areas -- Evapotranspiration from Forested Areas -- Water Use for Domestic and Livestock Use -- Water Use for Non-agricultural Production -- System Outflows -- Surface Water Outflow -- Groundwater Outflow -- System Storages -- Unaccounted Water -- Establishment of Water Balance -- Analysis and Results -- Inflows to the System -- Computation of Mean Areal Rainfall -- Water Use in the System -- Evapotranspiration from Cropped Areas -- Evapotranspiration from Forested Areas -- Water Use for Domestic Purposes and Livestock Needs -- System Outflows -- Surface Runoff -- Groundwater Outflow/Inflow -- Change in Storage in the System -- Water Budget -- Conclusions -- References -- 22 Analysis of Spring Discharge in the Lesser Himalayas: A Case Study of Mathamali Spring, Aglar Watershed, Uttarakhand -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methods of Analysis -- Data Characteristics -- Data Analysis -- Simple Exponential -- Least Squares Method -- Hyperbola -- Autocorrelation -- Flow Duration Curve -- Performance Evaluation -- Results and Discussions -- Autocorrelation -- Flow Duration Curve (FDC) -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 23 Submerged Geotextile Sand Containers for Coastal Defence -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objectives. , Experimental Details.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Sponsors and Co-sponsors -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Environmental Pollution -- 1 Socioeconomic Environment Assessment for Sustainable Development -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objectives -- Methodology -- Description of the Study Area -- Types of Data Collected -- Tools of Data Collection -- Data Collection Analysis -- Personal Profile -- Age -- Sex -- Marital Status -- Literacy -- Occupation -- Assessment and Mitigation -- Impact Assessment -- Topography and Land Use -- Drainage -- Air Environment -- Water Environment -- Impacts of Ecology -- Impacts on Soil and Agriculture -- Land Use -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Research Need on Environmental Gains in Conservation-Induced Relocation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Relocation -- Protected Areas -- Classification of Protected Areas -- Need for Conservation of Biodiversity -- Need for Conservation-Induced Relocation -- Need for Study of Environmental Gains Due to CIR -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Environmental Issues Due to Fire in Coal Mines: Its Impact and Suggestions for Implementing Precautionary and Control Measures -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Environmental Pollution -- Case Study -- Location -- Geology of the Seam -- Scientific Investigation -- Results and Discussion -- Suggestions -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Redevelopment of Urban Slum Dwellings: Issues and Challenges -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background and Need of Study -- Housing Scenario in India -- Requirements to Achieve the Vision by 2022 -- Strategies for Increasing Supply of Affordable Housing -- Strategies for Optimum Use of Existing Land Resources by Encouraging Redevelopment -- Strategies for Improving Quality of Life, Overall Living Standards with Concern for Environment -- Strategies for Ease of Doing Business -- Objectives of the Study. , Methodology -- Study Area -- Current Project -- Flat Scheme for Slum Rehabilitation -- Detail of Money Contribution -- Sanctioned Cost of Single House Type A -- Pandharabodi Area -- Problems on Site During Construction -- Time Overrun -- Causes of Time Overrun -- Material Quality and Quantity -- Scarcity of Skilled Labour -- Problems During Operation -- Grouping of work -- Work Breakdown Structure for 75 Houses -- Limitation -- Conclusions and Findings -- References -- 5 Importance of Indoor Environmental Quality in Green Buildings -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) -- Effect of Poor IEQ on Human Health -- Parameters of IEQ -- Building Characteristics -- Thermal Comfort -- Visual Comfort -- Acoustic Comfort -- Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Meteorological Factors Influencing Dispersion of Vehicular Pollution in a Typical Highway Condition -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Site Characteristics -- Traffic Characteristics -- CALINE 4 Model Description -- Sensitivity Analysis of CALINE4 Model -- Results and Discussion -- Sensitivity Analysis of CALINE4 Model -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7 Study of Air and Noise Pollution in Mega Cities of India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Exposure on Health -- Research Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Pollution Indicators -- 8 A Critical Review on Air Quality Index -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objective -- Air Quality Index (AQI) -- Definition -- Classification of Indices -- US EPA Air Quality Index -- The Mitre Air Quality Index (MAQI) -- Application of the MAQI -- Extreme Value Index (EVI) -- Application of the EVI -- Oak Ridge Air Quality Index (ORAQI) -- Application of the ORAQI -- Air Quality Depreciation Index -- Air Quality Index Worldwide -- Air Quality Index China. , Air Quality Index United States -- I maxi Ii -- Air Quality Index India -- NAAQS Dependent Air Quality Index -- Conclusion -- References -- 9 Aquatic Insects as Pollution Indicator-A Study in Cachar, Assam, Northeast India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Methods of Collection and Analyses -- Results and Discussion -- Physicochemical Parameters -- Aquatic Insects -- Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Monitoring of Air Pollution in Different Regions Along Road Network, Jharia Coalfield, Dhanbad, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Data Collection -- Results and Discussion -- Variations of Traffic Composition -- Variations of Air Pollutant Concentration -- Conclusion -- References -- 11 Spatial Distribution and Baseline Concentration of Heavy Metals in Swell-Shrink Soils of Madhya Pradesh, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- General Description of Study Area -- Collection of Soil Samples -- Chemical Analysis of Soils -- Soil pH -- Electrical Conductivity -- Oxidizable Organic Carbon -- Calcium Carbonate -- Total Heavy Metal Concentration -- Determination of Baseline Concentrations of Metals -- Results and Discussion -- Soil Characteristics -- Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals -- Baseline Concentrations of Heavy Metals -- Correlation Coefficient Between Heavy Metals and Soil Properties -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 Associative Study of Aerosol Pollution, Precipitation and Vegetation in Indian Region (2000-2013) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Datasets Used -- Results -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Fuzzy Logic Based Performance Evaluation of EIA Reports for Hydroelectric Projects -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objectives and Scope -- Methodology. , Fuzzy Logic Based Expert Rule System -- Result and Discussion -- Demwe Lower Hydroelectric Project, Arunachal Pradesh -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Dibbin Hydroelectric Project, Arunachal Pradesh -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Pauk Hydroelectric Project, Arunachal Pradesh -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Ting Ting Hydroelectric Project, Sikkim -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Conclusion -- References -- 14 Assessment and Prediction of Environmental Noise Generated by Road Traffic in Nagpur City, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background of Nagpur City -- Noise Prediction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Evaluation of Traffic Noise -- Data Extraction -- Traffic Noise Modelling -- Reference Energy Mean Emission Level -- Volume and Speed Correction -- Distance Correction -- Results and Discussions -- Data Analysis -- Spectral Analysis of Junction and Highway Traffic -- Model Illustration -- Conclusion -- References -- 15 Time-Dependent Study of Electromagnetic Field and Indoor Meteorological Parameters in Individual Working Environment -- Abstract -- Introduction -- An EMF and Indoor Meteorological Parameters -- Methodology -- Result and Discussion -- Working and Non-working Hours -- Contour -- Additional Measurements -- Conclusion -- References -- 16 Fish Biodiversity and Its Periodic Reduction: A Case Study of River Narmada in Central India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Site S1: Shahganj -- Site S2: Bandrabhan (Sangam) -- Site S3: Budhni Ghat -- Site S4: Moukala -- Site S5: Holipur -- Fish Collection and Identification -- Result. , Present Scenario of Fish Diversity of River Narmada at Hoshangabad -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17 Effects of Anthropogenic Activities on the Fresh Water Ecosystem-A Case Study of Kappithodu in Kerala -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Result -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 18 Degradation of Heptachlor by High-Carbon Iron Filings (HCIF) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Generation of Pollution -- 19 Biomedical Waste Generation and Management in Public Sector Hospital in Shimla City -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Management of Biomedical Waste -- Methodology -- Observation -- Questionnaire Session -- Management and Implementation at Public Sector Hospital -- Results and Discussions -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 20 Fuel Loss and Related Emissions Due to Idling of Motorized Vehicles at a Major Intersection in Delhi -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Fuel Consumption Measurement -- Emission Estimation Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 21 Emission Inventorisation and Modelling of Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds from Petrol Distribution Centres in an Urban Area -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- The Study Site -- Data Collection -- Emission Load Estimation -- Air Quality Dispersion Modelling -- Results and Discussion -- NMVOCs Emission Load -- NMVOCs Concentrations Prediction -- Model Validation -- Conclusions -- References -- 22 Comprehensive Physicochemical Characterization of Coal Combustion Residues from a Thermal Power Station of India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Selection of Thermal Power Station -- Geographical Location and Study Area Details. , Ash Pond and Ash Handling System.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Monitoring and Assessment of Polluted Water -- Coastal Reservoirs: A Technology That Can Quench Indian Thirst -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Water Problems and Water Availability -- 3 Proposed Coastal Reservoirs -- 4 Conclusion -- 5 Recommendations -- References -- Heavy Metal Accumulation in Dominant Edible Fish Species of River Kolab in Koraput District of Odisha, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Data Collection for Finfish Diversity Study -- 2.3 Heavy Metal Analysis -- 2.4 Statistical Analysis -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Water Quality -- 3.2 Fish Diversity -- 3.3 Heavy Metal Accumulation in Fishes -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Water Quality -- 4.2 Fish Diversity -- 4.3 Heavy Metal Accumulation in Fishes -- 5 Conclusion -- 6 Recommendations -- 7 Conflicts of Interest -- References -- Cake and Membrane Filtration in Mitigating Global Water Demand -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History of DW and Involvement of Arsenic -- 2.1 Toxic Effects of Arsenic to Human Health -- 3 Possible Water Clarification and Desalination -- 4 Conventional Wastewater Treatment -- 5 Wetland for Wastewater Treatment -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Wastewater Treatment and Reuse -- Potential for Use of Treated Waste Water for Industrial Reuse in India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Wastewater-A Growing Resource -- 3 Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Understanding Sustainable Arsenic Mitigation Technology Application in the Indian Subcontinent -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Health Impact of Long Time Consumption of Arsenic Contaminated Water -- 3 Chemistry of Arsenic in Groundwater -- 4 Geogenic Occurrence of Arsenic in Groundwater -- 5 Testing as the First Step Towards a Sustainable Arsenic Mitigation Strategy -- 6 Arsenic Removal Technologies as a Mitigation Strategy. , 6.1 Adsorption Arsenic Removal Systems -- 6.2 Community Systems Using Coagulation Followed by Filtration -- 6.3 Application of Membrane Systems -- 6.4 In Situ in Ground Based Arsenic Immobilization Technologies -- 7 Concluding Remarks Towards Technology Application in the Subcontinent -- 8 Recommendations -- References -- Sequential Anaerobic-Aerobic Co-Treatment of Three Herbicides Mixture in Water: A Comprehensive Study on Biotransformation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methodology -- 2.1 Reactor Set-Up and Operation -- 2.2 Determination of Herbicides Intermediate Compounds -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Treatment of 2,4-D, Ametryn and Dicamba Mixtures in ASBR -- 3.2 Sequential Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment of Three Herbicide Mixtures -- 4 Recommendations for Future Study -- References -- Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies with Recycling and Reuse Issues in India Leading to Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Common Effluent Treatment Plants -- 1.2 Problem Statement -- 1.3 Technology Trends -- 1.4 Regulatory Trends -- 2 Wastewater Management and Treatment Practices in India in Industrial and Municipal Sector -- 2.1 Treatment Methodology -- 2.2 Technological Aspects -- 3 Zero Liquid Discharge Concept and Case Study Example -- 3.1 Process Schematic (in General) for a ZLD Project -- 3.2 Solar Based Application in ZLD -- 3.3 Application Areas -- 4 Case Study of Recycle and Reuse Leading to Zero Liquid Discharge -- 5 Conclusion -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Wastewater and Its Impacts in India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Wastewater Production and Treatment-Current Status -- 3 Common Treatment Options -- 4 Wastewater Recycling and Reuse-Sustainable Treatment Options -- 5 Legal Framework for Wastewater Sector in India -- 6 Policy Framework for Wastewater Sector in India. , 7 Challenges of Wastewater Sector in India -- 8 Conclusions -- 9 Recommendations -- References -- Wastewater Remediation -- Nutrient Loading Impact on Remediation of Hydrocarbon Polluted Groundwater Using Constructed Wetland -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Constructed Wetlands-Literature Updates -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 3.1 Experimental Investigation -- 3.2 CW2D-HYDRUS Simulation Run -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Municipal Wastewater-A Remedy for Water Stress in India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Challenges to Indian Water Supply System -- 3 Municipal Wastewater Generation and Its Treatment Capacity -- 4 Characteristics of Municipal Wastewater -- 4.1 Oxygen-Demanding Substances -- 4.2 Nutrients -- 4.3 Suspended Solids -- 4.4 Emerging Contaminants -- 4.5 Pathogens (Bacterial Parameter) -- 5 Conventional Technologies for Municipal Wastewater Treatment -- 5.1 Preliminary Treatment -- 5.2 Primary Treatment -- 5.3 Secondary Biological Treatment -- 5.4 Challenges in the Removal of Emerging Contaminants (EC) in STPs Using Conventional Technologies -- 6 Advanced Secondary Biological Treatment Technologies -- 6.1 Fluidized Bed Reactor -- 6.2 Membrane Bioreactor -- 6.3 Fluidized Immobilized Carbon Catalytic Oxidation (FICCO) Reactor -- 6.4 Chemoautotrophic Activated Carbon Oxidation (CAACO) Reactor -- 7 Tertiary Treatment -- 7.1 Chemical Precipitation -- 7.2 Pressure Sand Filter -- 7.3 Activated Carbon Filter -- 7.4 Membrane Separation Processes -- 7.5 Disinfectants -- 8 Reuse of Treated Sewage Water -- 9 Conclusion -- 10 Recommendations -- References -- Biosorptive Removal of a Herbicide, Glyphosate Using Waste Activated Sludge of Tannery Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Materials -- 2.2 Biosorbent Preparation -- 2.3 Glyphosate Determination -- 2.4 Sorption Experiments. , 2.5 Biosorbent Surface Characterization -- 2.6 Biosorption Study of Glyphosate in Simulated Municipal Wastewater -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Experimental Variables of Biosorption Process Optimization -- 3.2 Surface Characterization of Biosorbent -- 3.3 Zeta Potential -- 3.4 BET-Surface Area -- 3.5 FESEM Analysis -- 3.6 FT-IR Spectroscopy -- 3.7 XPS Spectroscopy -- 3.8 Glyphosate Removal from Simulated Municipal Wastewater -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Wastewater Treatment Processes with Special Reference to Activated Sludge Process in Indian Conditions for Water Use Sustainability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Activated Sludge Process -- 3 Factors Affecting Activated Sludge Process -- 3.1 Advantage of Aerobic Treatment Systems -- 3.2 Disadvantages of Aerobic Treatment Systems -- 4 Evaluation of Activated Sludge Process Based Sewage Treatment Plant at Okhla, New Delhi -- 5 Result and Discussion -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Assessment of Water Resources in Development of Rajasthan -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Demand for Water in Rajasthan -- 2 Ground Water Resource Management -- 2.1 Groundwater System Monitoring -- 2.2 Monitoring of Water Level -- 2.3 Water Quality Monitoring -- 2.4 Control of Groundwater Development -- 2.5 Control and Equity -- 2.6 Options for Conjunctive Use -- 2.7 Hand Dug Wells -- 2.8 Small Capacity Tube Wells -- 2.9 Large Capacity Tube Wells -- 3 Water Resource Exploitation -- 4 Water Pollution -- 5 Water Supply: Approaches and Issues -- 6 Water Supply: Problems -- 6.1 Affordability -- 6.2 Privatisation -- 6.3 Technological Options -- 6.4 Application of Duckweed for Disposal of Municipal Waste -- 7 Case Study -- 7.1 Udaipur -- 7.2 Jaipur -- 7.3 Jodhpur -- 8 Precautions -- 9 Conclusion -- 10 Recommendations -- References -- Waste and Sustainability. , Sustainable Construction Practices for Residential Buildings to Reduce the Water Footprint -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review of Literature -- 2.1 Direct and Indirect Water Footprint in Building Construction -- 3 Material and Methods -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Stages of Building Construction -- 4.2 Schedule of Construction Stages -- 4.3 Water Consumption in Different Construction Stages -- 4.4 Water Resource Management and Optimization -- 4.5 Water Consumption -- 4.6 Water Wastage and Recycling [25, 26] -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Water Resources Availability and Its Teleconnection with Large Scale Climatic Oscillations Over Godavari River Basin -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Streamflow and Large Scale Climatic Oscillation -- 3 Study Area and Data Used -- 4 Methodology -- 4.1 Wavelet Analysis: Background -- 4.2 Wavelet Coherence Analysis -- 4.3 Flow Duration Curve -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 5.1 Association Between Monthly Streamflow and SST -- 5.2 Association Between Monthly Streamflow and IOD -- 5.3 Association Between Monthly Streamflow and ISMI -- 5.4 Water Availability Over Godavari River -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- 7 Recommendations -- References -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Update, Conclusions and Recommendations for "Wastewater Assessment, Treatment, Reuse and Development in India" -- 1 Background -- 2 Update -- 2.1 Monitoring and Assessment of Polluted Water -- 2.2 Wastewater Treatment and Reuse -- 2.3 Wastewater Remediation -- 2.4 Waste and Sustainability -- 3 Conclusions -- 3.1 Monitoring and Assessment of Polluted Water -- 3.2 Wastewater Treatment and Reuse -- 3.3 Wastewater Remediation -- 3.4 Waste and Sustainability -- 4 Recommendations -- References.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Sponsors and Co-sponsors -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Environment: Hydrologic Impacts -- 1 Structural Evaluation of Cell-Filled Pavement -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Material Used for Construction of Pavements -- Plastic Cell -- Cement -- Soil and Moorum -- Crushed Aggregate for Surface Layer -- Crushed Aggregate for WBM Subbase -- Soil-Cement Mix for Subbase Layer -- Mix Composition and Strength of Cement Concrete -- Roller Compacted Concrete -- Construction of Test Sections -- Preparation of Subgrade -- Construction of Subbase -- Construction of Surface Layer -- Structural Evaluation of Cell-Filled Pavement -- Using Falling Weight Deflectometer -- Using Benkelman Beam -- Comparison of Deflections Measured Using Benkelman Beam Method and FWD -- Conclusions -- References -- 2 Global Warming Issues-Need for Sustainable Drainage System in Urban Areas-Green Construction Technologies -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Indian Climate and Monsoon -- Reasons of Global Warming -- Literature Review -- Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement -- Permeable Asphalt -- Permeable Concrete -- Concrete for Sustainable Development -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Environment: Bio-environment -- 3 Water Hyacinth: A Useful Plant to Improve Rural Economy -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Water Hyacinth Control and Its Applications -- Practical Utilization of Water Hyacinth -- References -- 4 Growth, Biomass and Carbon Sequestration by Trees in Nutrient-Deficient Bhata Land Soil of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Growth and Biomass of Different Tree Species -- CO2 Sequestration of Different Tree Species -- Soil Organic Carbon Under Different Tree Species -- Conclusion -- References. , 5 Impact of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth of Different Bacterial Species -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Performance of Low-Cost Microbial Fuel Cell Using Earthenware Separator -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Operating Principle of MFC -- Methodology -- MFC Construction -- MFC Operation -- Preparation of Earthenware Separator -- Analysis and Calculation -- Results and Discussion -- Physical Characterization of Separator -- EDS Analysis -- Power Production in MFC -- Coulombic Efficiency -- Polarization Study and Internal Resistance -- Wastewater Treatment -- Conclusion -- References -- Environment: Chemical Environment -- 7 Synthesis of CaO2 Nanoparticles for Environmental Remediation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Materials -- Synthesis of CaO2 Nanoparticles -- Characterization Techniques -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Superiority of Re-circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor Over Existing Reactor Arrangements for Chemical Looping Combustion-A Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) -- CLC Requirements -- Existing Reactor Configuration for CLC -- Issues Related to the Existing Interconnected Reactors Arrangement -- Bed Particle Attrition -- Loop-Seal Operation -- Heat Losses -- Cluster Formation -- Gas Bypassing -- Short Residence Time -- Re-circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor Design for CLC -- Working -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 Enhancing N Use Efficiency and Reducing N2O Emission by Coating Urea with Newly Identified Bio-Molecule (C20H30O2), Nano-Zn Oxide and Nano-rock Phosphate -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Protocol for the Preparation of Nano-ZnO and Nano-rock Phosphate Coated Urea. , Pot Culture Experiment on Crop Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency -- Experimental Details and Measurement of N2O Emission -- Statistical Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Nutrient Content of Coated Fertilizers -- Impact of Urea Coated with Pine Oleoresin, Nano-Zn Oxide and Nano-rock Phosphate on Crop Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency -- Trends in N2O Emission During Incubation Period -- Cumulative Emission of N2O from Coated Fertilizers -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Gamma Radiation Technology for Hygienization of Municipal Dry Sewage Sludge -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Results and Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Environment: Social Environment -- 11 Participatory Approach for Corporate Social Responsibility Plan in India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Socio-economic Baseline Data for CSR Plan -- Participatory Survey -- Participatory Approach -- Team Building -- Other Impacts -- Steps in Conducting CSR -- CSR Methods and Tools -- Examples of Questions to Be Addressed in CSR Planning -- Sources of Information -- The CSR Plan Requires Both Primary and Secondary Data -- Data Collection Methods for Preparing CSR Plan -- Qualitative Methods -- Quantitative Methods -- Reference -- Energy: Solar Energy -- 12 Solar-Powered Cold Storage System for Horticultural Crops -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Solar PV Powered Refrigeration System -- Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Panel System -- Power Conditioning Unit (PCU) -- Battery Bank -- Sensor for Temperature and RH Controller in Cold Storage -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Feasibility of Solar Pumps for Salt Farmers -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Process of Salt Production -- Highlights of Yearly Cycle -- Components Involved in the System -- Operation of Solar Water Pumping System. , Net Present Value for Solar Versus Diesel -- Features for Safe Future -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Energy: Hydropower -- 14 Development of Uttarakhand Using Alternative Energy Source as Micro Hydropower -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objective of the Study -- Study Area -- Lacchiwala Micro Hydro Project -- Problems Faced by the Lacchiwala Micro Hydro Project -- Kotabagh Micro Hydro Power Project Description and Its Problems -- Results and Conclusion -- Suggestions to Improve the Utilization Factor -- Suggestions to Improve the Utilization Factor -- Selected References -- 15 Comparative Studies on Performance of Commercially Available High-Power PC-LED Bulbs Under Tropical Conditions -- Abstract -- Introduction to Solid State Lighting -- Standard Research Methodology "Useful Life" of High-Power PC-LED -- Proposed Experimental Setup and Methodology -- Lumen Depreciation Measurement -- Ambient and Body Temperature of High-Power PC-LED -- Results Obtained -- Outcome and Further Research work -- References -- 16 Design and Development of Pedal Operated Flour Mill with Multi-Applications -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Energy: Biogas -- 17 Development of Family Size FRP Biogas Plant Based on Kitchen Waste -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results -- Conclusion -- References -- 18 A Computer-Based Expert System to Design Deenbandhu Biogas Plant -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- General Procedure -- Data Collection -- Assumptions for Model -- Validation and Evaluation of Expert System -- Results and Discussion -- Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 19 Prosopis juliflora-A Potential Problematic Weed for Lignocellulosic Ethanol Production -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods. , Results and Discussion -- Composition of Biomass -- Effect of Alkaline Pretreatment -- Selection of Optimal Pretreatment Conditions -- Enzymatic Hydrolysis -- Fermentation Profile of Enzymatic Hydrolysate -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 20 Oil Extraction, Biodiesel Production and CI Engine Investigation Using Madhuca indica Methyl Ester -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Oil Extraction Process -- Biodiesel Production -- Cloth Filtering -- Caustic Pre-treatment -- Acid Pre-treatment -- Transesterification Process -- Comparison of Properties of Diesel and Biodiesel -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 21 Design and Development of Producer Gas-Based Heat Exchanger for Drying Application -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Physical Properties and Proximate Analysis of Different Biomass -- Performance Evaluation of Updraft Gasifier -- Development of Single Pass Shell and Tube Type Heat Exchanger -- Results and Discussion -- Physical Properties and Proximate Analysis of Different Biomass -- Design Parameters of Updraft Biomass Gasifier and Shell and Tube Type Heat Exchanger -- Effect of Fuel Consumption Rate on Producer Gas Composition and Calorific Value for Various Biomass -- Effect of Air Flow Rate, Fuel Consumption Rate, and Gas Flow Rate on Air Outlet Temperature of Heat Exchanger -- Effect of Air Flow Rate, Fuel Consumption Rate on LMTD, Heat Transfer Area, and Heat Exchanger Effectiveness Using Different Biomass -- Effect of Air Flow Rate and Fuel Consumption Rate on Dryer Inlet Hot Air Temperature Using Different Biomass -- Conclusion -- References -- 22 Carbon Storage Potential in Dominant Trees of Koraput District of Odisha -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Sampling and Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Above Ground Biomass (AGB) -- Above Ground Carbon (AGC). , Conclusions.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Introduction -- Waste Management and the Agenda 2030 in the Indian Context -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sustainability Issues Related to Waste Management -- 3 Agenda 2030, SDGs and Waste -- 4 Electronic Waste -- 5 Circular Economy for Sustainable Development -- 6 Sustainable Waste Management: Indian Scenario -- 6.1 Biomedical Waste -- 6.2 Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) -- 7 Way Forward: Waste Management-Key to Achieving SDGs -- 8 Summary -- 9 Recommendations -- References -- Waste to Wealth -- Solid Waste Management Methods: A Technological Analysis of Mechanical, Chemical, Thermal and Hybrid Means -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Types of Solid Waste Conversion Technologies -- 2.1 Mechanical Conversion Technology -- 2.2 Thermal Conversion Technologies -- 2.3 Chemical Technologies -- 2.4 Hybrid Technologies -- 3 Conclusions -- 4 Recommendations -- References -- Characterization and Sustainable Utilization of Steel Slag (SS) as a Recycled Aggregates in Indian Concrete Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods and Material -- 2.1 Sample Collection -- 2.2 SS Waste Characterization Methods and Parameters Analyzed -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 Physical and Chemical Characteristics of SS Waste -- 3.2 Major, Minor and Trace Analysis of SS Waste -- 3.3 Mineralogical Characteristics of SS Waste -- 3.4 Sieve Analysis of SS Waste -- 3.5 Mechanical Characteristics of SS Wastes -- 3.6 Compressive Strength at 90, 28, and 7 Days -- 4 Conclusions -- 5 Recommendations -- References -- Application of Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles for Removal of Heavy Metal Ion from Industrial Waste Water -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 What Are Heavy Metal Ions? -- 1.2 Toxic Effect of Ions -- 1.3 Industrialization and Deposition of Metal Ions in Water -- 2 How Heavy Metal Ions Affect the Environment. , 3 Water Pollution: Determining the Quality of Water and Factors Inducing Toxicity -- 3.1 Acid Mine Water -- 3.2 Toxicity -- 4 Using Green Chemistry for Removal of Metal Ions-Brief Overview -- 5 Conventional Methods for Removal of Heavy Metal -- 5.1 Chemical Precipitation -- 5.2 Sulfide Precipitation -- 5.3 Ion Exchange -- 5.4 Adsorption -- 5.5 Disadvantages of Conventional Methods of Heavy Metal Removal -- 6 Methods to Remove Deposition of Ions from Water: Nano Technology -- 6.1 What is Nanotechnology? -- 6.2 Classification of Nano Materials [51] -- 6.3 Fabrication Methods -- 6.4 Kinds of Nanomaterials -- 6.5 Water Remediation Using Polymer Nanoparticles -- 7 Removal of Heavy Metal from Industrial Waste Water Using Bio Based Materials -- 7.1 Ligni -- 7.2 Composition of Leaves -- 8 Removal of Cu and Al from Drinking Water -- 8.1 Copper -- 8.2 Aluminum -- 9 Removal of Specific Metals: Zinc and Cadmium -- 9.1 Cadmium -- 9.2 Zinc -- 10 Toxic Effects on Health -- 10.1 Toxicity Mechanism of Some of the Heavy Metals -- 11 Conclusion -- 12 Recommendation -- References -- Waste Management in Indian Pharmaceutical Industries -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Evolution of Indian Pharmaceutical Sector -- 3 Treatment Methods -- 3.1 Incineration -- 3.2 Autoclaving -- 3.3 Physicochemical Methods -- 3.4 Adsorption Process -- 3.5 Coagulation and Precipitation -- 3.6 Electro-Coagulation -- 3.7 Constructed Wetlands -- 3.8 Biological Processes -- 3.9 Membrane Separation -- 4 Management Practices in India -- 5 Conclusion -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- Erosion Management of Riparian Ecosystem in Coal Mining Area Through Selective Vegetation -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Coal Mining -- 1.2 Riparian Ecosystem -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Coal Mining -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Coal Mining (OB Dump) -- 3.2 Riparian Land -- 4 Conclusions -- 5 Recommendations -- References. , Waste to Energy -- Urban Solid Waste Management for Enhancement of Agricultural Productivity in India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Environmental Impacts of Solid Waste -- 3 Agricultural Productivity: Waste to Wealth to Health -- 4 Conclusions -- 5 Recommendations -- References -- Food Waste Utilization for the Production of Biogas by Anaerobic Digestion: A Case Study in Coal Capital of India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Formation and Chemical Properties of Biogas -- 2.1 Methane -- 2.2 Carbon Dioxide -- 2.3 Other Components -- 3 Anaerobic Digestion -- 4 Stages of Anaerobic Digestion -- 4.1 Hydrolysis -- 4.2 Acidogenesis -- 4.3 Methanogenesis -- 5 Biogasification: Policies and Current Status in India -- 6 Materials and Methods -- 6.1 Study Location -- 6.2 Waste Collection and Processing -- 6.3 Exploratory Set-Up -- 6.4 Analytical Methods -- 6.5 Measurements -- 7 Result and Discussion -- 8 Methane Yields -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- Development of Low-Cost Microbial Fuel Cell for Converting Waste to Electricity and Abating Pollution -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Description of Microbial Fuel Cell -- 2 Cathode Materials -- 2.1 Modified Carbon Catalysts -- 2.2 Transition Metal Oxides -- 2.3 Metal Doped Complex Organic Catalysts -- 3 Anode Materials -- 3.1 Anode Modification Using Metal Oxides -- 3.2 Anode Modification Using Conductive Polymers -- 3.3 Anode Modification Using Graphene and Carbon Nanotube -- 4 Proton Exchange Membrane -- 4.1 Nafion and Its Modifications -- 4.2 Non-Nafion Sulfonated Polymeric Membranes -- 4.3 Polymeric Membranes -- 4.4 Clayware Membranes -- 5 Alternative to High-Cost Terminal Electron Acceptors -- 6 Perspectives and Way Forward -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Recent Developments in Energy Recovery from Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge via Anaerobic Digestion -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Anaerobic Digestion Process. , 2 Environmental Requirements and Control -- 2.1 Temperature -- 2.2 Alkalinity and pH -- 2.3 Nutrients -- 2.4 Retention Time -- 2.5 OLR and Sludge Feed Composition -- 2.6 Seeding and Mixing -- 3 Process Inhibition -- 3.1 Ammonia Inhibition -- 3.2 Volatile Fatty Acids -- 3.3 Sulphide/Sulphate -- 4 Process Configurations -- 4.1 High Rate or Continuous Digester -- 4.2 Two-Stage Digester -- 4.3 Digester Design Considerations -- 5 Pre-treatment -- 5.1 Physical Pre-treatment -- 5.2 Chemical Pre-treatment -- 5.3 Biological Pre-treatment -- 6 Biogas Refinement -- 7 Biogas Utilization Systems -- 8 Challenges and Opportunities -- 9 Conclusions -- 10 Recommendations -- References -- Waste and Sustainability -- Management of Waste Plastic: Conversion and Its Degradation as an Environment Concern in Asian Country -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Healthcare Waste -- 2.1 Management of Healthcare Waste -- 3 Plastic Waste in Soil -- 3.1 Management of Plastic Waste in Soil -- 4 Municipal Solid Waste -- 4.1 Management of Municipal Solid Waste -- 5 Household Waste Plastic and Its Management -- 6 Marine Waste Plastic -- 6.1 Management of Marine Waste Plastic -- 7 Conclusions -- 8 Recommendations -- References -- Gold Phytomining in India: An Approach to Circular Economy in the 21st Century -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Gold Phytomining -- 2.1 Gold Phytomining-Indian Scenario and an Approach to the Circular Economy -- 3 Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- 5 Recommendations -- References -- Conclusions -- Update, Conclusions and Recommendations for "Environment Management: Waste to Wealth in India" -- 1 Background -- 2 Update -- 2.1 From Waste to Energy -- 2.2 Waste and Sustainability -- 3 Conclusions -- 3.1 From Waste to Wealth -- 3.2 From Waste to Energy -- 3.3 Waste and Sustainability -- 4 Recommendations -- References.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part I Introduction -- 1 An Overview on Environmental Degradation and Mitigation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Types of Environmental Degradation -- 1.3 Causes of Environmental Degradation -- 1.4 Impacts of Environmental Degradation -- 1.5 Treatment or Remediation Technologies -- 1.5.1 Prevention of Deforestation -- 1.5.2 Governmental Regulations -- 1.5.3 Sustainable Consumption and Production Regulations -- 1.5.4 Adoption of the Principle of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (3R) -- 1.5.5 Adoption of Environment-Friendly Education -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- Part II Causes of Degradation -- 2 Deforestation and Forests Degradation Impacts on the Environment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Factors Responsible for Deforestation and Forests Degradation -- 2.2.1 Direct Cause -- 2.2.2 Natural Causes -- 2.2.3 Underlying Causes -- 2.3 Environmental Implications of Deforestation and Forests Degradation -- 2.3.1 Deforestation Impacts on Climate Change -- 2.3.2 Deforestation Impacts on Soil Erosion -- 2.3.3 Deforestation Impacts on Disrupted Livelihood -- 2.3.4 Deforestation Impacts on Water Cycles -- 2.3.5 Deforestation Impacts on Social Consequences -- 2.3.6 Deforestation Impacts on Food Security -- 2.3.7 Health Associated with Forest Threats -- 2.4 Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR): An Initiative Towards Degradation Prevention -- 2.4.1 FLR Principles -- 2.4.2 Characteristics of FLR Initiatives (Maginnis et al. 2007) -- 2.4.3 Few Best Practices for Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) -- 2.5 Policy Interventions -- 2.5.1 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) -- 2.5.2 Aichi Targets -- 2.5.3 Bonn Challenge -- 2.5.4 REDD and REDD + strategies -- 2.5.5 Recommendations and Future Research Prospects -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References. , 3 Measuring Environmental Impact of Agricultural, Manufacturing, and Energy Sectors in Bangladesh Through Life Cycle Assessment -- 3.1 The State of Bangladesh's Economically Important Sectors and Environmental Footprint -- 3.2 Approach for Identifying Literature -- 3.3 Assessment of Environmental Impact/Degradation Based on the Findings of Available LCA Studies for Bangladesh -- 3.3.1 Agricultural Sector -- 3.3.2 Manufacturing Sectors -- 3.3.3 Energy Sector -- 3.4 Environmental Policy Recommendations for Impact Decoupling -- 3.4.1 Policy Interventions for Agricultural Sector -- 3.4.2 Policy Interventions for Manufacturing Sector -- 3.4.3 Policy Interventions for Energy Sector -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides: Impacts on Soil Degradation, Groundwater, and Human Health in Bangladesh -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Types of Agrochemicals -- 4.2.1 Fertilizers -- 4.2.2 Pesticides -- 4.3 Global Use of Agrochemicals -- 4.4 Impacts of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides -- 4.4.1 Impacts on Soil -- 4.4.2 Impacts on Groundwater Resources -- 4.4.3 Impacts on Human Health -- 4.5 Alternatives to Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides -- 4.5.1 Organic Farming: A Sustainable Alternative -- 4.5.2 Integrated Pest Management -- 4.5.3 Biocontrol Agents for Reducing Pesticide Consumption -- 4.5.4 Other Approaches -- 4.5.5 Green Chemistry -- 4.6 Conclusions -- 4.7 Recommendations -- References -- Part III Treatment or Remediation Technologies -- 5 Environmental Impacts and Necessity of Removal of Emerging Contaminants to Facilitate Safe Reuse of Treated Municipal Wastewaters -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Types of Emerging Contaminants of Persistence -- 5.2.1 Pesticides and Herbicides -- 5.2.2 Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products -- 5.2.3 Dyes -- 5.2.4 Industrial Chemicals -- 5.3 Occurrence of ECs in Wastewater and Environment. , 5.3.1 Occurrence of ECs in Effluent Treatment Plant -- 5.3.2 Occurrence of ECs in Environment -- 5.4 Advanced Oxidation Strategies for Removal of ECs -- 5.4.1 Application of Physical Techniques -- 5.4.2 Application of Chemicals Techniques -- 5.5 Hybrid Systems for Augmentation of Performance -- 5.5.1 O3-UV Advanced Oxidation Systems -- 5.5.2 O3-H2O2 Advanced Oxidation Systems -- 5.5.3 UV and Cl2 Integrated Advanced Oxidation Systems -- 5.6 General Discussion -- 5.7 Recommendation -- 5.8 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Emerging Biotechnological Processes in Controlling Nitrogen Pollution to Minimize Eutrophication of Surface Waters in Asia -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Emerging Biotechnological Processes in Controlling Nitrogen Pollution -- 6.2.1 Partial Nitritation-Denitrification -- 6.2.2 ANAMMOX -- 6.2.3 SHARON -- 6.2.4 SHARON-ANAMMOX -- 6.2.5 CANON -- 6.2.6 NOx -- 6.2.7 OLAND -- 6.2.8 DEMON -- 6.2.9 DEAMOX -- 6.2.10 SNAD -- 6.2.11 BABE -- 6.2.12 FeOx/MnOx-Mediated Nitrification and Denitrification -- 6.2.13 Feammox/Mnammox -- 6.3 Recommendations -- 6.4 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Hybrid Anaerobic Baffled Reactor and Upflow Anaerobic Filter for Domestic Wastewater Purification -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Anaerobic Baffled Reactor -- 7.3 Anaerobic Filter for Wastewater Treatment -- 7.4 Experimental Study of the Hybrid System (ABR and AF) -- 7.4.1 Lab-Scale Hybrid System -- 7.4.2 Sampling and Parameter Analysis -- 7.5 Results and Discussion -- 7.5.1 Wastewater Characteristic -- 7.5.2 Performance of the Hybrid System -- 7.6 Conclusion -- 7.7 Recommendation -- References -- 8 Remediation of Heavy Metal Pollutants of Industrial Effluents and Environmental Impacts -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Materials and Methods -- 8.2.1 Adsorbent (Nano CaSPT) -- 8.2.2 Adsorbate [Zn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and Cr(III)] -- 8.2.3 Adsorption Experiments. , 8.3 Results and Discussion -- 8.3.1 Microscopic Study -- 8.3.2 Surface Property Investigation -- 8.3.3 Batch Adsorption Experiments -- 8.3.4 Adsorption Screening of HM Ions with CaSPT -- 8.3.5 Metal Ion Adsorption on Nano CaSPT -- 8.4 Recommendation and Future Research Prospects -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Textile Dye Removal from Industrial Wastewater by Biological Methods and Impact on Environment -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Textile Wastewater Characteristics -- 9.3 Textile Dyes -- 9.3.1 Dye Structure and Properties -- 9.4 Environmental Impacts of Textile Dyes -- 9.4.1 Impact on Aquatic Environment -- 9.4.2 Impact on Vegetation -- 9.4.3 Impact on Human Health -- 9.5 Textile Dye Decolourization Techniques -- 9.5.1 Physical Treatment Techniques -- 9.5.2 Chemical Treatment Techniques -- 9.5.3 Biological Treatments -- 9.5.4 Decolourization of Textile Dyes in Reactors -- 9.5.5 Biofilms -- 9.5.6 Decolourization of Textile Dyes in Fixed (Packed) Bed Biofilm Reactors -- 9.6 Conclusions -- 9.7 Recommendations -- References -- 10 Environmental Remediation Technologies -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Remediation Technologies and Their Application -- 10.2.1 NanoRemediation Technology -- 10.2.2 Solidification and Stabilization -- 10.2.3 Thermal Desorption -- 10.2.4 Gas-Based Techniques -- 10.2.5 Phytoremediation -- 10.3 Selection of Relevant Remediation Technology -- 10.4 Conclusions -- 10.5 Recommendations -- References -- 11 Wastewater Remediation: Emerging Technologies and Future Prospects -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Conventional Effluent Treatment Techniques -- 11.2.1 Physico-chemical Treatment Processes -- 11.2.2 Biological Treatments -- 11.3 Advanced Effluent Treatment Techniques -- 11.3.1 Membrane Distillation (MD) -- 11.3.2 Forward Osmosis -- 11.3.3 Photocatalysis -- 11.3.4 Nanomaterial and Nanotechnology. , 11.4 Sustainability and Value Addition in WWT -- 11.4.1 Recovery of Value Added Products from Effluent Streams -- 11.4.2 Process Intensification -- 11.5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Part IV Impacts of Degradation -- 12 Microbial Diversity and Physio-Chemical Characterization and Treatment of Textiles Effluents -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Pollutants and Aquatic Environment -- 12.3 Effects of Industrial Effluents in Aquatic Environment -- 12.4 Textile Colorants -- 12.5 Study of Textile Effluents -- 12.6 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Effluent -- 12.7 Bioremediation -- 12.7.1 Oscillatoria -- 12.8 Materials and Methods -- 12.8.1 Collection of Samples -- 12.8.2 Study of Microbial Diversity -- 12.9 Results and Discussion -- 12.9.1 Swimming Activity -- 12.9.2 Opercular Beats -- 12.9.3 Rate of Oxygen Consumption -- 12.9.4 Haematological Parameters -- 12.9.5 Biochemical Studies -- 12.9.6 Enzymes Studies -- 12.10 Conclusion -- 12.11 Recommendations -- References -- 13 A Sustainable Solution for the Rehabilitation of Surface Water Quality Degradation -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.1.1 Best Management Practice (BMP) to Mitigate Diffuse Pollution -- 13.1.2 Vegetated Ditch -- 13.2 Case Studies of Vegetated Ditch -- 13.2.1 Nitrogen Removal -- 13.2.2 Phosphorus Removal -- 13.2.3 Pesticides Removal -- 13.2.4 Organic Matter Removal -- 13.2.5 Solids Removal -- 13.2.6 Pathogen Removal -- 13.2.7 Heavy Metals Removal -- 13.2.8 Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) Removal -- 13.3 Challenges Faced by the VD and Recommendations for the Enhancement of VD Systems -- 13.3.1 Contaminant Removal Efficiencies -- 13.3.2 Operational and Maintenance Issues -- 13.4 Conclusion -- References -- 14 Recovery from Natural Disasters and Environmental Destruction in East Japan -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Characteristics of the East Japan Area. , 14.3 The Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake.