Note: Intro -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledments -- Literature Cited -- PART I BACKGROUND -- Chapter 1. Scale-Dependence and the Problem of Extrapolation: Implications for Experimental and Natural Coastal Ecosystems -- Experiments and Scale: Key Concepts -- Scaling Relations in Natural and Experimental Ecosystems -- Scaling Experimental Ecosystems: Approaches and Examples -- Comments -- Appendix -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- PART II SCALING THEORY -- Chapter 2. Understanding the Problem of Scale in Experimental Ecology -- Experiments in Ecology -- Scale in Ecology -- Dealing with Scale -- Scaling Organism Responses -- Comments -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 3. The Naure of the Scale Issue in Experimentation -- Assumptions and Predictions -- Analog and Digital Experimentation -- Experiments and Description -- Assumptions and What Is Reasonable -- Experimentation to Achieve New Levels of Analysis -- Comments -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 4. Spatial Allometry: Theory and Application to Experimental and Natural Aquatic Systems -- Similarity, Scaling Theory, and Scaling Functions -- Application: Primary Production in Lakes -- Application: Fish Catch from Lakes -- Application: Biomass Accumulation in Mesocosms -- Application: Primary Production in Mesocosms -- Scaling Theory: Spatial Allometry for Antagonistic Rates -- Application: Adult-Juvenile Interactions in Benthic Communities -- Application to Mesocosm Analysis -- Comments -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- PART III SCALING MESOCOSMS TO NATURE -- Chapter 5. Getting It Right and Wrong: Extrapolations Across Experimental Scales -- Successful Extrapolation: An Example -- Comparitive Frameworks -- Extrapolation and Lake Enclosure Experiments -- Scales of Interes, Soft Extrapolation, and Context -- Comments. , Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 6. Some Reluctant Ruminations on Scales (and Claws and Teeth) in Marine Mesocosms -- The 1-10 cm Dilemma -- As Simple as Possible - But No Simpler -- Hierarchy and Scale -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 7. Evaluating and Modeling Foraging Performance of Planktivorous and Piscivorous Fish: Effects of Containment and Issues of Scale -- Conceptual Model of Scale-Dependent Constraints on Foraging -- Modeling Planktivore and Piscivore Behavior -- Implications of Containment for Growth Rates of Fish -- Comments -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 8. Experimental Validity and Ecological Scale as Criteria for Evaluating Research Programs -- Scale, Validity, and Ecological Experiments -- A Scale-Validity Framework for Experimental Ecology -- Biodiversity and Ecosystem-Functioning Experiments as Illustration -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- PART IV SCALE AND EXPERIMENT IN DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEMS -- Chapter 9. Scaling Issues in Experimental Ecology: Freshwater Ecosystems -- Scale Considerations When Conducting Freshwater Experiments -- Assessing Responses in Freshwater Experiments -- Explicit Tests of Scaling Gradients -- Lessons to Be Learned from Unrealistic Experiments -- Freshwater versus Estuarine Experiments and Ecostystems -- Comments -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 10. Terrestrial Perspectives on Issues of Scale in Experimental Ecology -- The Experimentalists' View of Scale -- Theoretical Perspective of Scaling in Experiments -- The Need to Integrate Theory and Design -- Challenges for the Future -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 11. Issues of Scale in Land-Margin Ecosystems -- Definitions of Scale, Scaling, and Scale-Dependent Behavior -- Characteristics of Land-Margin Ecosystems. , Scaled Relationships in Land-Margin Ecosystems and Mesocosms -- Issue of Special Concern in Design and Use of Land-Margin Mesocosms -- Tools for Analysis of Scale and Extrapolating Among Scales in Land-Margin Systems -- Recommendations Concering Future Work on Scaling of Land-Margin System Properties -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 12. Scaling Issues in Marine Experimental Ecosystems: The Role of Patchiness -- Patchiness in the Pelagic Ocean -- Patchiness Issues Associated with Experimental Ecosystems -- Linking Experimental Ecosystems to Marine Systems -- Comments -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Index.