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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Male rank, reproductive behavior, and reproductive success in free-ranging rhesus macaques (1993)
    Springer
    Primates 34 (1993), S. 481-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Macaca mulatta ; Cayo Santiago ; DNA fingerprinting ; Paternity ; Mating success ; Dominance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Paternity assessment through DNA fingerprinting by synthetic oligonucleotide probes was applied to one birth cohort in a social group of free-ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) on Cayo Santiago. The 11 group males and 9 males from other groups were observed mating with the females. Paternity was determined for 11 of the 15 infants. Male dominance rank was not associated with reproductive success. High-ranking resident males (N=5) sired 27% of the infants born during a one-year study. Four of the 11 infants of known paternity were sired by males of other social groups. The four infants of unknown paternity were sired either by males not observed mating with the females or the low-ranking male who was not fingerprinted. Male dominance rank was not associated with reproductive activity during conception cycles. These results suggest that the effect of rank on male reproductive success is not a predictable correlation, but a conditional probability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382659
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal investment in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): reproductive costs and consequences of raising sons (2000)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 48 (2000), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Macaca mulatta ; Maternal investment ; Sex ratio ; Paternity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Maternal investment in offspring is expected to vary according to offspring sex when the reproductive success of the progeny is a function of differential levels of parental expenditure. We conducted a longitudinal investigation of rhesus macaques to determine whether variation in male progeny production, measured with both DNA fingerprinting and short tandem repeat marker typing, could be traced back to patterns of maternal investment. Males weigh significantly more than females at birth, despite an absence of sex differences in gestation length. Size dimorphism increases during infancy, with maternal rank associated with son’s, but not daughter’s, weight at the end of the period of maternal investment. Son’s, but not daughter’s, weight at 1 year of age is significantly correlated with adult weight, and male, but not female, weight accounts for a portion of the variance in reproductive success. Variance in annual offspring output was three- to fourfold higher in males than in females. We suggest that energetic costs of rearing sons could be buffered by fetal delivery of testosterone to the mother, which is aromatized to estrogen and fosters fat accumulation during gestation. We conclude that maternal investment is only slightly greater in sons than in daughters, with mothers endowing sons with extra resources because son, but not daughter, mass has ramifications for offspring sirehood. However, male reproductive tactics supersede maternal investment patterns as fundamental regulators of male fitness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650000204
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic determination of paternity and variation in male reproductive success in two populations of rhesus macaques (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 18 (1997), S. 1701-1705 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: DNA fingerprint ; Short tandem marker typing ; Paternity ; Differential reproduction ; Macaca mulatta ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fundamental framework for uncovering factors affecting the evolution of social behavior rests upon analyses of variation in reproductive success. In species where females mate with multiple males, paternity is invisible in the absence of genetic data. We determined paternity in two populations of rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, using both single locus and multilocus techniques. One troop, Group R, is one of four troops living on a 15 ha island (Cayo Santiago) off the coast of Puerto Rico, while the other troop, Group M, was translocated from Cayo Santiago to the Sabana Seca Field Station (Puerto Rico) in 1984. About a dozen human-derived short tandem repeat (STR) markers have been found to be polymorphic in the study of populations and provide the initial paternity determination. Final evaluation of paternity is then confirmed by multilocus DNA fingerprinting using synthetic oligonucleotide probes. Body condition, age, and dominance rank have an impact on male progeny production, while canine size does not. We suggest that nonagonistic competition in the form of sperm competition and endurance rivalry will modulate male reproductive success. A large body size among males provides them with an advantage in both sperm competition and endurance rivalry. Comparison of the two populations indicated that demographic, social, ecological, and morphological factors interact to regulate variation in reproductive success among male nonhuman primates.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150180939
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased microsatellite variability in Macaca mulatta compared to humans due to a large scale deletion/insertion event during primate evolution (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 16 (1995), S. 1607-1611 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Microsatellites ; DNA-sequence analysis ; Genetic variability ; Macaca mulatta ; Primate evolution ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Human (GATA)n microsatellites D12S66 and D12S67 could be successfully amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in various species of apes and monkeys. In 86 unrelated animals of the most intensively studied species Macaca mulatta we demonstrated five alleles at “D12S66” differing in size in increments of 4 bp (159-175 bp), whereas 17 alleles were observed at locus “D12S67”. The alleles of the latter locus are distributed in two separate groups with no alleles of intermediate size. Six alleles were found between 108-128 bp and 11 alleles between 181-249 bp. Mendelian inheritance of the codom-inant alleles was proven by family studies. Sequencing of the “D12S67” locus revealed that the shorter alleles are characterized by a single perfect (GATA)n stretch whereas the longer alleles consist of two blocks of (GATA)n repeats separated by an intervening sequence of 9 bp. The composite structure of the longer alleles closely resembles that of the 12 human D12S67 alleles (229-273 bp). The enormous species variation in the fragment size range, with the smallest allele found in Macaca mulatta (108 bp) and the largest (364 bp) in Gorilla gorilla gorilla strongly indicates that D12S67 has been subjected to recurrent mutations over the course of primate evolution including a large deletion and/ or insertion event.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501601265
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