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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of okadaic acid, a major diarrheic shellfish toxin, in natural populations ofDinophysis spp. from the eastern coast of North America (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 1 (1989), S. 307-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: dinoflagellate ; diarrheic shellfish poisoning ; okadaic acid ; Dinophysis ; Phalacroma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Okadaic acid, one of the principal toxin components implicated in cases of diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP), was identified for the first time in natural phytoplankton assemblages from North American waters. During periods in late summer when significant quantities of okadaic acid were detected in net haul samples in the lower estuary and Gulf of St Lawrence in eastern Canada, the phytoplankton community consistently contained species of the dinoflagellate genusDinophysis Ehrenberg. The presence of okadaic acid was detected by screening dinoflagellate extracts with an enzyme-linked immunological assay (ELISA); positive results were confirmed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation, followed by fluorescence detection. Okadaic acid was only found in phytoplankton samples in which the photosynthetic dinophysoid speciesD. norvegica andD. acuminata were prominent; blooms of the related heterotrophic speciesD. rotundata exhibited no trace of okadaic acid, nor other suspected DSP components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00003466
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion-spray mass spectrometry of marine toxins II. Analysis of diarrhetic shellfish toxins in plankton by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometryNRCC No. 31309. (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 206-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A combined liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method using ion-spray ionization is described for the sensitive determination of okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-1, the principal toxins implicated in cases of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. The method is used to confirm the presence of okadaic acid in a culture of the dinoflagellate species Prorocentrum concavum and in natural populations of dinoflagellates from eastern Canadian waters. Several analogues of the toxin have also been detected. Quantitative results are comparable to those obtained by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. With slight modifications, the LC/MS method is also used to analyse the fluorescent anthrylmethyl ester of okadaic acid. Preliminary tandem mass spectrometric results, obtained using fast-atom bombardment ionization, are presented for okadaic acid.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290040608
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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