GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 57 (1990), S. 191-200 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Phytomyza chaerophylli ; Diptera ; Agromyzidae ; population genetics ; F-statistics ; gene flow ; extinction ; bottleneck ; rapid speciation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Populationsstruktur ist einer der wichtigsten Faktoren, die das Speziationspotential einer Species bestimmen. Wir analysierten die räumliche Variation der Allozymfrequenzen von Phytomyza chaerophylli Kalt. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) nach den Methoden von Wrights F-Statistik. Der Grad der genetischen Variation zwischen den Populationen ist beträchtlich (FST=0.092). Die Variation zwischen lokalen, lediglich durch wenige Kilometer voneinander getrennten Populationen ist gleich gross wie zwischen Populationen, die bis zu 1000 Kilometer auseinander liegen. Eine solche Differenzierung deutet auf einen niedrigen Genfluss zwischen den Populationen. Die Ergebnisse der genetischen Analyse werden gestützt durch ökologische Studien, welche zeigten, dass Wirtspflanzenpopulationen von P. chaerophylli und anderen, nah verwandten Phytomyza-Arten eine inselartige Verbreitung aufweisen und eine verhältnismässig kurze mittlere Lebensdauer haben. Die Populationen von vielen Phytomyza-Arten sind daher meist klein und teilweise isoliert und unterliegen häufig Ausrottungen und genetischen Flaschenhälsen (‘Bottlenecks’). Solche Bedingungen vergrössern beträchtlich die Chance, seltene Mutationen in neuen Populationen zu fixieren, was unter Umständen zu Speziation führen kann. Wir stellen fest, dass Ökologie und Populationsstruktur von P. chaerophylli und anderen Arten dieses Genus günstige Voraussetzungen für eine schnelle Speziation darstellen.
    Notes: Abstract Population structure is one of the most important factors determining speciation potential. We analyzed the spatial variation in allozyme frequencies of Phytomyza chaerophylli Kalt. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) using Wright's F-statistics. The degree of interpopulation variation is substantial (FST=0.092). Variation between local populations separated by only a few kilometers is as high as between populations as far as 1000 kilometers apart, indicating low interpopulation gene flow. The results are supported by ecological studies which revealed that host plant populations of P. chaerophylli, as well as of other, closely related Phytomyza species, are patchily distributed and have a short average life span. Populations of many Phytomyza species are thus mostly small and partly isolated and are prone to frequent extinctions and bottlenecks. Such conditions greatly increase the chance of rare mutations being fixed in new populations which may eventually lead to speciation. It is argued that the ecology and population structure of P. chaerophylli and congeners favor rapid speciation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Mutualism ; Symbiosis ; Ant-plant interaction ; Herbivory ; Tropical forest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In this study, we demonstrate that an important benefit provided by the small host-specific ant Petalomyrmex phylax to its host plant Leonardoxa africana is efficient protection against herbivores. We estimate that in the absence of ants, insect herbivory would reduce the leaf area by about one-third. This contributes considerably to the fitness of the plant. Our estimates take into account not only direct damage, such as removal of leaf surface by chewing insects, but also the effects of sucking insects on leaf growth and expansion. Sucking insects are numerically predominant in this system, and the hitherto cryptic effects of ant protection against the growth-reducing effects of sucking insects accounted for half of the total estimated benefit of ant protection. We propose that the small size of workers confers a distinct advantage in this system. Assuming that resource limitation implies a trade off between size and number of ants, and given the small size of phytophagous insects that attack Leonardoxa, we conclude that fine-grained patrolling by a large number of small workers maximises protection of young leaves of this plant. Since herbivores are small and must complete their development on the young leaves of Leonardoxa, and since a high patrolling density is required for a fine-grained search for these enemies, numerous small ants should provide the most effective protection of young leaves of Leonardoxa. We also discuss other factors that may have influenced worker size in this ant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...