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  • Sister chromatid exchange  (2)
  • Aciclovir  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 263 (1978), S. 37-46 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Sister chromatid exchange ; 8-MOP ; ultraviolet light ; Schwester-chromatiden-Austausch ; 8-MOP, langwelliges UV-Licht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die unmittelbare Wirkung von 8-Methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) sowie von 8-MOP+langwelligem UV-Licht (UVA) auf Schwesterchromatiden-Austausch (SCE) wurde in einem in vitro-Experiment untersucht. Der SCE nach 8-MOP allein war signifikant erhöht, aber die Wirkung war wesentlich größer (50%) nach der Behandlung mit 8-MOP+UVA. Dazu wurden nach der Behandlung mit 8-MOP-Mitosen mit «gestreifter» Färbung der Chromosomen beobachtet. Die Veränderungen sind dosisabhängig und bilden möglicherweise die Ursache für die nach PUVA-Behandlung verminderte Zellteilung in Psoriasisflecken.
    Notes: Summary The acute effect of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and 8-MOP+long wave ultraviolet light (UVA) on sister chromatid exchange (SCE) has been examined in an in vitro experiment. The SCE count was significantly increased by 8-MOP without light, but the effect was substantially greater (50%) by 8-MOP+UVA. In addition, mitoses with banded staining of the chromosomes were seen after 8-MOP and UVA. These changes were dose dependent, and they might be responsible for the reduced cell turnover in psoriasis plaque after PUVA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 279 (1987), S. 180-183 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Multiple epidermal cancer ; Sister chromatid exchange ; Lymphocyte UVC sensitivity ; Lymphocyte X-ray sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Exposure to toxins in the environment and due to personal habits, e. g., tobacco smoking, may increase the rate of spontaneous sister chromatid exchange (SCE). The SCE in lymphocytes from a group of 31 patients with multiple epidermal cancer, who in the past had been exposed to various skin carcinogens, as a whole exceeded that of a control group — matched by sex, age, and smoking habits — but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.08). The individual SCE in these patients was also statistically independent of the nature of the carcinogenic exposure. We were unable to detect correlations between the SCE and UVC-radiation induced DNA synthesis, UVC-radiation tolerance, or rate of X-ray damage repair. This suggests that the molecular mechanisms involved in SCE induction and in repair of radiation damage are basically independent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Schmerz 11 (1997), S. 373-377 
    ISSN: 1432-2129
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Postzosterische Neuralgie ; Prophylaxe ; Aciclovir ; Sympathikusblockade ; Antidepressiva ; Kortikosteroide ; Key words Postherpetic neuralgia ; Prevention ; Aciclovir ; Corticosteroids ; Sympathetic block ; Antidepressants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Theoretical considerations: Several pathophysiological mechanisms may be responsible for initiation and maintenance of chronic postherpetic pain. (1) Peripheral nociceptive fibers can develop abnormal sensitization. Secondary to this, central nociceptive ”second-order” neurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn can also be sensitized, i.e. they become hyperexcitable and start responding to non-noxious stimuli. (2) Degeneration of nociceptive neurons may trigger anatomical sprouting of low-threshold mechanosensitive terminals to form connections with central nociceptive neurons and may subsequently induce functional synaptic reorganization in the dorsal horn. According to these mechanisms theoretical possibilities of therapeutical interventions to prevent postherpetic neuralgia are (1) adequate analgesia in the acute phase (analgesics, antidepressants, sympathetic blocks) and (2) prevention of C-fiber degeneration by reducing the inflammatory reaction (antiviral drugs, corticosteroids, neurotrophins). Clinical experience: The present clinical trials concerning prevention of postherpetic neuralgia were analyzed. Only for the antiviral drugs have valid clinical studies been performed. Using acyclovir a considerable reduction of acute pain and time to healing could clearly be demonstrated. However, there was no significant effect on prevention of postherpetic neuralgia. The second-generation antiviral drugs valaciclovir and famciclovir may be more effective when applied early in the disease course. Preliminary studies indicate that the early onset of therapy with the antidepressant agent amitriptyline may reduce the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia. These results need to be confirmed in further studies. Conclusion: Although there is no clear evidence in favor of a prevention of postherpetic neuralgia for any of the interventions, it is definitely reasonable to perform the best analgesia possible during the acute phase of herpes zoster.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Theoretische Möglichkeiten: Hypothesen zur Schmerzchronifizierung beim Herpes zoster sind: 1. Periphere Sensibilisierung nozizeptiver C-Fasern durch die Zosterinfektion und nachfolgende zentrale Sensibilisierung nozizeptiver Neurone im Hinterhorn des Rückenmarks. 2. Degeneration nozizeptiver C-Fasern durch eine schwere Zosterinfektion und sekundäre anatomische Reorganisation synaptischer Strukturen im Hinterhorn des Rückenmarks. Theoretische Möglichkeiten einer Prophylaxe der postzosterischen Neuralgie (PZN) sind dementsprechend: 1. gute Analgesie in der Akutphase (Analgetika, Antidepressiva, Sympathikusblockaden), Verhinderung der zentralen Sensibilisierung (NMDA-Rezeptor-Antagonisten) und 2. Verhinderung der C-Faser-Degeneration durch Verminderung der Entzündungsreaktion (Virustatika, Kortikosteroide, Neurotrophine). Klinische Praxis: Die verfügbaren Studien zur Prophylaxe der PZN wurden analysiert. Lediglich für die Virustatika fanden sich valide Studien. Trotz besserer initialer Analgesie und Heilung zeigte sich bei Aciclovir keine Prophylaxe der PZN. Für die neuen Virustatika Valaciclovir und Famciclovir gibt es bei frühzeitigem Einsatz in der Akutphase erste positive Hinweise auf eine Verkürzung der PZN. Für die meisten Analgesieverfahren existieren keine geeigneten Studien bezüglich der Prophylaxewirkung. Schlußfolgerungen: Trotz zweifelhafter Prophylaxewirkung bleibt eine gute analgetische Therapie für die Schmerzen der Akutphase sinnvoll.
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