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  • AESOPS; Antarctic Environments Southern Ocean Process Study  (2)
  • Atlantis II (Ship : 1963-) Cruise AII119-2  (2)
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  • 1
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    Particle flux in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean (2000)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Honjo, Susumu; Francois, Roger; Manganini, Steven J; Dymond, Jack R; Collier, Robert W (2000): Particle fluxes to the interior of the Southern Ocean in the Western Pacific sector along 170°W. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 47(15-16), 3521-3548, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00077-1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-12
    Description: An array of five bottom-tethered moorings with 19 PARFLUX time-series sediment trap at three depths (1 and 2 km below the surface, and 0.7 km above the sea-floor) was deployed in the western Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, along 170°W. The five stations were selected to sample settling particles in the main hydrological zones of the Southern Ocean. The sampling period spanned 425 days (November 28, 1996-January 23, 1998) and was divided into 13 or 21 synchronized time intervals. A total of 174 sequential samples were recovered and analyzed to estimate fluxes of total mass (TMF), organic carbon, carbonate, biogenic silica, and lithogenic particles. The fluxes of biogenic material were higher than anticipated, challenging the notion that the Southern Ocean is a low-productivity region. Organic carbon fluxes at 1 km depth within the Polar Frontal Zone and the Antarctic Zone were relatively uniform (1.7-2.3 g/m**2/yr), and about twice the estimated ocean-wide average (ca. 1 g/m**2/yr). Carbonate fluxes were also high and uniform between the Subantarctic Front and ca. 64°S (11-13 g/m**/yr). A large fraction of the carbonate flux in the Antarctic Zone was due to the presence of pteropod shells. Coccoliths were found only to the north of the Polar Front, and calcium carbonate became the dominant phase in the Subantarctic Zone. In contrast, carbonate particles were nearly absent near 64°S. Latitudinal variations in biogenic silica fluxes were substantial. The large opal flux (57 g/m**2/yr) measured in the Antarctic Zone suggests that opal productivity in this region has been previously underestimated and helps to explain the high sedimentary opal accumulation often found south of the Polar Front. Unlike biogenic material, fluxes of lithogenic particles were among the lowest measured in the open-ocean (0.12-0.05 g/m**2/yr), reflecting a very low dust input.
    Keywords: AESOPS; Antarctic Environments Southern Ocean Process Study
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 5 datasets
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Vertical flux and lithologic material in the Ross Sea (2000)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Collier, Robert W; Dymond, Jack R; Honjo, Susumu; Manganini, Steven J; Francois, Roger; Dunbar, Robert G (2000): The vertical flux of biogenic and lithogenic material in the Ross Sea: moored sediment trap observations 1996-1998. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 47(15-16), 3491-3520, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00076-X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-12
    Description: As part of the USJGOFS-AESOPS program, we deployed an array of moored sediment traps and determined the composition and vertical flux of particulate matter through the water column of the continental shelf environment of the Ross Sea. We deployed two moorings, with two traps each. One mooring was located in the southcentral Ross Sea along the line of AESOPS process studies; the other mooring was located in the northcentral Ross Sea. The flux in the southern Ross Sea was generally double that in the north, and there was a significant increase in flux into the deep traps indicating horizontal transport and possible focusing of particulate matter. The particles are primarily biogenic although lithogenic contributions can increase to over 30% of the flux in the near-bottom trap nearer to the ice shelf. The fluxes collected by the traps were generally low but within the range of previous observations. Several unique observations stand out from these data: (1) The export of organic matter to 200 m during the spring and summer was extremely low, consistent with observations that the ongoing phytoplankton bloom was being stored or recycled in the upper-water column; (2) A major pulse of biogenic silica export occurred in the fall, just as ice was reforming. The correlation of this event with lithogenous particles, excess Fe, and with the early breakout of katabatic winds suggests that this event might be related to Fe fertilization of diatom production and export; (3) The largest flux of organic matter during 1996-1997 was carried by the pteropod Limacina helicina and was observed at both moorings under the ice in the late fall, just after the diatom pulse. Although it is difficult to estimate the proportion of these organisms that were swimmers contaminating the flux, we believe that a significant fraction settled into the traps and may represent the die-out of this herbivore population after the suspended POM concentration had dropped to very low levels. Fluxes to the upper traps were much lower than estimates of export flux made by other methods during synoptic ship studies. These differences are discussed and the fluxes are compared with preliminary data from the ROAVERRS trap program, which was simultaneously deployed in the Ross Sea.
    Keywords: AESOPS; Antarctic Environments Southern Ocean Process Study
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Biogenic particle fluxes at the 34°N 21°W and 48°N 21°W stations, 1989-1990 : methods and analytical data compilation (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This technical report presents the results of analyses on opal, organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content in each of 156 specimen samples collected from the moored sediment trap experiment that was a part of JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment. The analyzed samples represent a spatio-temporal matrix formed by 6 time-series sediment traps that provided 26 periods of uniform and synchronized periods of 14 days, except for one longer and one shorter period. Traps were deployed at 3 depths, 1 km, 2 km and 0.7 km above the bottom, and at 2 stations, 34°N 21°W and 48°N 21°W from April 4, 1989 to April 17, 1990, as shown in Tables 1 and 2. There was an 20-day hiatus in September /October 1989 for changeover of the trap moorings. Some samples were unusable because of the in trusion of fish. Samples were separated into several aliquots by wet-splitting, then water sieved into larger-than- and smaller-than-1-mm sizes. The fluxes of biogeochemical elements and constituents were determined on these aliquots and size fractions for: carbonate by vacuum gasometric method; opal by selective leaching method; reactive phosphorus by high temperature oxidation hydrolysis method; and organic carbon and nitrogen by applying an elementary analyzer. The annual fluxes, fluxes during the bloom, pre- and post-bloom episodes were normalized to a 365-day calendar year (Table 6) and are summarized in Tables 7 to 12. Variabilty of particle fluxes by each period at the two stations in terms of size fractions, sedimentary constituents and elements are shown in Tables 13 and 14. The molar ratios between pairs of critical biogeochemical elements during each episode and annually, shown at various depths and stations, are included in Tables 10 through 14.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. OCE 88-14228.
    Keywords: Particle flux ; Bloom ; North Atlantic Ocean ; Terminal ratio ; Ocean interior ; Atlantis II (Ship : 1963-) Cruise AII119-2 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN203 ; Charles Darwin (Ship) Cruise CD5B
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 6589166 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 4
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    Cruise report: JGOFS Leg I International study of the North Atlantic Bloom : R/V Atlantis II Voyage 119.2, Funchal to Reykjavik, March/April 1989 (2014)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: With the support of the National Science Foundation, we have completed the first cruise devoted to the GOFS and JGOFS program for the North Atlantic Bloom studies between March 28 and April 6 on board R/V Atlantis II. The major task of this cruise, to deploy bottom-tethered mooring arrays with time-series sediment traps along with current meters at two critical stations, 34°N and 47°N along 20°W, was accomplished. All 6 sediment traps, 3 on each array, were set at 14-day intervals for 13 periods from April 3 to September 26, 1989. Their opening and closing times were synchronized throughout the period of deployment. The arrays and instruments will be recovered and redeployed in September/October, 1989. Ancillary water column data, such as CTD, fluorometry, pigments, and major nutrient distribution, were also successfully completed (except for transmissometry profiling at the 47°N station) in order to understand the prebloom setting at JGOFS 34°N, 47°N, and 60°N stations. At the 47°N station on April 2, the mixed layer depth was 248m.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through grant Number OCE 88-14228.
    Keywords: Joint Global Ocean Flux Study ; Marine sediments ; Atlantis II (Ship : 1963-) Cruise AII119-2
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    PAPER (OA)
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