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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A new method for extracting dissolved gases in natural waters has been developed and tested, both in the laboratory and in the field. The sampling device consists of a polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) tube (waterproof and gas permeable) sealed at one end and connected to a glass sample holder at the other end. The device is pre-evacuated and subsequently dipped in water, where the dissolved gases permeate through the PTFE tube until the pressure inside the system reaches equilibrium. A theoretical model describing the time variation in partial gas pressure inside a sampling device has been elaborated, combining the mass balance and ‘‘Solution-Diffusion Model’’ which describes the gas permeation process through a PTFE membrane). This theoretical model was used to predict the temporal evolution of the partial pressure of each gas species in the sampling device. The model was validated by numerous laboratory tests. The method was applied to the groundwater of Vulcano Island (southern Italy). The results suggest that the new sampling device could easily extract the dissolved gases from water in order to determine their chemical and isotopic composition.
    Description: - European Social Fund.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q09005
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: dissolved gases ; helium isotope ; PTFE membrane ; Vulcano Island ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: 446781 bytes
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present a new device for continuous monitoring of the concentration of CO2 dissolved in water. The device consists of a tube made of a polymeric semi-permeable membrane connected to an infrared gas analyser (IRGA) and a pump. Several laboratory experiments were performed to set the best operating condition and test the accuracy of measurements. We used the device for performing 20 months of continuous monitoring of dissolved CO2 concentration (DCC) in groundwater within a drainage gallery at Mt. Etna. The monitored groundwater intercepts the Pernicana Fault, along which degassing is observed related to volcano-tectonic activity. The acquired data were compared with continuous and discrete data obtained using existing methods. The measurements of DCC resulted in some period of the year well correlated with air temperature. We also found that long-term trends, as well as short-term variations, are probably linked to the dynamics of volcanic activity and/or perturbations in the local or regional stress fields.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3005-3011
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Dissolved CO2 ; Groundwater monitoring ; Gasewater exchange ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.06. Water resources ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Although characterized by low seismicity, the Monferrato area of north-western Italy was affected by earthquakes, of magnitude M5.1 and M4.8, in 2000 and 2001. At the same time, marked changes were recorded in water temperature and chemistry in several wells within the epicentral area. In May 2004, an automatic network for the continuous monitoring of groundwater was installed in selected wells to study the phenomenon. Here, we report on data collected during a 3-year period of groundwater monitoring. During the first year, episodes of water heating (by up to 20°C) were observed in one monitored well. The temporal analysis of the seismic activity recorded in the area revealed as almost all seismic events occurred during the period of elevated water temperatures. The similar timing of earthquakes and groundwater-temperature anomalies suggests that both may be triggered by the same processes acting in the crust.
    Description: Published
    Description: 142-149
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: groundwater monitoring ; pore fluid pressure; ; tectonic stress ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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