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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specimen handling and data interpretation in x-ray microanalysis of frozen hydrated etched gastrointestinal tract (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 4 (1986), S. 371-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Scanning electron microscopy ; Low temperature ; Microanalysis ; Duodenum ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Low temperature scanning electron microscopy of mammalian tissue allows microanalysis data and morphological results to be considered together, without the risk of elemental diffusion introduced by liquid fixatives and processing agents. The technique, however, is time consuming and there are many areas where errors are possible and standardization of technique is advisable. The present paper describes some of the problems inherent in handling frozen tissue and comparison is made between microanalytical measurements from luminal contents and those from villous epithelium.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040407
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological variation in cryo-microanalytical data from mouse small intestinal villi (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 5 (1987), S. 65-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Scanning electron microscopy ; Low temperature ; Microanalysis ; Duodenum ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Microanalysis data obtained using low temperature scanning electron microscopy of frozen hydrated etched mouse duodenum gives information about peak/background ratios of various elements in different cellular compartments. The present paper describes ways in which the data can be analyzed to minimize artifactual variations and to make clear where there are genuine differences in peak/background ratios when readings from different animals are compared. Using these methods, it is shown that in some areas of villous epithelium there are measurable differences in the ratios of sodium, calcium, and sulphur.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060050107
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
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    Ultralow-frequency modulation of whistler-mode wave growth (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-12
    Description: Measurements from ground-based magnetometers and riometers at auroral latitudes have demonstrated that energetic (∼30–300 keV) electron precipitation can be modulated in the presence of magnetic field oscillations at ultralow frequencies. It has previously been proposed that an ultralow-frequency (ULF) wave would modulate field and plasma properties near the equatorial plane, thus modifying the growth rates of whistler-mode waves. In turn, the resulting whistler-mode waves would mediate the pitch angle scattering of electrons resulting in ionospheric precipitation. In this paper, we investigate this hypothesis by quantifying the changes to the linear growth rate expected due to a slow change in the local magnetic field strength for parameters typical of the equatorial region around 6.6RE radial distance. To constrain our study, we determine the largest possible ULF wave amplitudes from measurements of the magnetic field at geosynchronous orbit. Using nearly ten years of observations from two satellites, we demonstrate that the variation in magnetic field strength due to oscillations at 2 mHz does not exceed ±10% of the background field. Modifications to the plasma density and temperature anisotropy are estimated using idealized models. For low temperature anisotropy, there is little change in the whistler-mode growth rates even for the largest ULF wave amplitude. Only for large temperature anisotropies can whistler-mode growth rates be modulated sufficiently to account for the changes in electron precipitation measured by riometers at auroral latitudes.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Constructing the frequency and wave normal distribution of whistler-mode wave power (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-19
    Description: [1]  We introduce a new methodology that allows the construction of wave frequency distributions due to growing incoherent whistler-mode waves in the magnetosphere. The technique combines the equations of geometric optics (i.e. raytracing) with the equation of transfer of radiation in an anisotropic lossy medium to obtain spectral energy density as a function of frequency and wavenormal angle. We describe the method in detail, and then demonstrate how it could be used in an idealised magnetosphere during quiet geomagnetic conditions. For a specific set of plasma conditions, we predict that the wave power peaks off the equator at ~15° magnetic latitude. The new calculations predict that wave power as a function of frequency can be adequately described using a Gaussian function, but as a function of wavenormal angle, it more closely resembles a skew normal distribution. The technique described in this paper is the first known estimate of the parallel and oblique incoherent wave spectrum as a result of growing whistler-mode waves, and provides a means to incorporate self-consistent wave-particle interactions in a kinetic model of the magnetosphere over a large volume.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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