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  • 1
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    Combination of radiofrequency ablation and sequential cellular immunotherapy improves progression-free survival for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2013-07-04
    Description: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurs frequently after minimally invasive therapy. This study was to observe the efficiency and safety of the combined treatment of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with cellular immunotherapy (CIT) for HCC patients. In this study, sixty-two patients with HCC who were treated with radical RFA were divided into two groups: RFA alone (32 patients) and RFA/CIT (30 patients). Autologous mononuclear cells were collected from the peripheral blood and separated by apheresis, and then induced into natural killer (NK) cells, γδT cells and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. These cells were identified by flow cytometry with their specific antibodies and then were infused intravenously to RFA/CIT patients for 3 or 6 courses. The tumor recurrent status of these patients was evaluated with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) every 3 months after RFA. Progression-free survival (PFS), liver function, viral load, and adverse effects were examined. The results implied that PFS was higher in RFA/CIT group than that in RFA group. In RFA/CIT group, six courses had better survival prognosis than three courses. Viral load of hepatitis C was decreased in two of three patients without antiviral therapy in RFA/CIT group, but was increased in RFA group. No significant adverse reaction was found in the patients with CIT. In summary, these preliminary results suggest that combination of sequential CIT with RFA for HCC patients was efficient and safe, and may be helpful in the prevention of the recurrence for the patients with HCC after RFA. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 0020-7136
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0215
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 2
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    Experimental investigation and numerical simulation of marangoni effect induced by mass transfer during drop formation (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-02
    Description: Marangoni effect induced by interphase mass transfer plays an important role in liquid-liquid extraction and reaction processes. The interaction of Marangoni effect and interphase mass transfer during drop formation at different injection rates and different initial solute concentrations was investigated by experiment and numerical simulation. The extraction fraction was measured and the corresponding correlation was proposed. The level set method coupled with mass transfer equation is for the first time used to simulate the mass transfer induced Marangoni effect during drop formation. The simulated drop volume, shape and extraction fraction are in good accordance with experimental data. Through the numerical simulation, it is found that the mass transfer in the first mass transfer period is the most efficient during drop formation when Marangoni convection occurs. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2013
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 3
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    The growth and dislocation characterization of Yb0.005Y0.848Lu0.147VO4 mixed laser crystal (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2014-07-31
    Description: A new mixed laser crystal, Yb 0.005 Y 0.848 Lu 0.147 VO 4 , has been successfully grown using the Czochralski method. An ICP-OES was used to measure the concentrations of elements (Yb, Y, Lu, V) in the crystal, and the chemical formula was determined. X-ray powder diffraction analysis shows that the crystal has ZrSiO 4 structure. A pair of edge dislocations with certain orientation was observed by the HREM, and the orientation was confirmed by the calibration of the diffraction spots. The formation mechanism of this type dislocation was given by analysis on structure and thermal expansion of crystal. The suggestion to avoid these dislocations was also given. A Yb 0.005 Y 0.848 Lu 0.147 VO 4 mixed laser crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. HREM was firstly used to characterize the structure of dislocation in vanadates and observed a new morphology of dislocations. This pair of dislocation forms because of the anisotropy of thermal expansion, the weak connection and relatively big interplanar distance between the atom layers. Appropriately slow cooling rate should be used to avoid the dislocations.
    Print ISSN: 0232-1300
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4079
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 4
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    Plasmatrough exohiss waves observed by Van Allen Probes: Evidence for leakage from plasmasphere and resonant scattering of radiation belt electrons (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-03
    Description: Exohiss waves are whistler mode hiss observed in the plasmatrough region. We present a case study of exohiss waves and the corresponding background plasma distributions observed by the Van Allen Probes in the dayside low-latitude region. The analysis of wave Poynting fluxes, suprathermal electron fluxes and cold electron densities supports the scenario that exohiss leaks from the plasmasphere into the plasmatrough. Quasilinear calculations further reveal that exohiss can potentially cause the resonant scattering loss of radiation belt electrons ~〈MeV on a comparable timescale to that associated with the storm-time plasmaspheric hiss. These results clearly illustrate that exohiss may need to be taken into account in future radiation belt models.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Disappearance of plasmaspheric hiss following interplanetary shock (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-26
    Description: Plasmaspheric hiss is one of the important plasma waves controlling radiation belt dynamics. Its spatiotemporal distribution and generation mechanism are presently the object of active research. We here give the first report on the shock-induced disappearance of plasmaspheric hiss observed by the Van Allen Probes on 8 October 2013. This special event exhibits the dramatic variability of plasmaspheric hiss and provides a good opportunity to test its generation mechanisms. The origination of plasmaspheric hiss from plasmatrough chorus is suggested to be an appropriate prerequisite to explain this event. The shock increased the suprathermal electron fluxes, and then the enhanced Landau damping promptly prevented chorus waves from entering the plasmasphere. Subsequently, the shrinking magnetopause removed the source electrons for chorus, contributing significantly to the several-hours-long disappearance of plasmaspheric hiss.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B virus (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: Hepatocarcinogenesis is a multistep process that evolves from cirrhosis or dysplastic nodule (DN), and eventually leads to overt hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Differentiation between early HCC and DN is an important issue in the clinical setting. This study aims to investigate the potential of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) levels in the diagnosis of early HCC. RNA was extracted from sera of 30 chronic hepatitis B patients with pathologically-proven DN and 120 age and sex-matched patients with early HCC. Paired samples were collected from 10 patients with DN who developed overt HCC in the follow-up. A panel of 10 cancer-associated miRNAs was analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Serum levels of miR-16, miR-122, miR-221, let-7b and miR-15b were significantly lower in patients with DN than in the HCC group. When DN progressed to overt HCC, serum miR-122, miR-let-7b and miR-15b levels increased significantly ( p =0.046, 0.043 and 0.044, respectively). As a single marker, α-fetoprotein (AFP) and miR-122 as well as let-7b had the similar performance for differentiate HCC from DN. As limited to subjects with normal AFP, let-7b resulted in a sensitivity of 84.8% and a specificity of 50% in separating HCC and DN with a cutoff value of 3.5 ( p =0.001). In conclusion, miR-122 and let-7b, which are up-regulated in the serum of early-HCC patients, can be useful markers for differentiating early HCC from DN in chronic hepatitis B patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 0020-7136
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0215
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 7
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    Controls on Cenozoic exhumation of the Tethyan Himalaya from fission-track thermochronology and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology in the Gyirong basin area, southern Tibet (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In: Tectonics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-05
    Description: The Gyirong basin, southern Tibet, contains the record of Miocene-Pliocene exhumation, drainage development and sedimentation along the northern flank of the Himalaya. The tectonic controls on basin formation and their potential link to the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS) are not well understood. We use detrital zircon (ZFT) and apatite (AFT) fission-track analysis, together with detrital zircon U-Pb dating to decipher the provenance of Gyirong basin sediments and the exhumation history of the source areas. Results are presented for nine detrital samples of Gyirong basin sediments (AFT, ZFT, U-Pb), two modern river-sediment samples (ZFT, AFT), and six bedrock samples (ZFT) from a transect across the Gyirong fault bounding the basin to the East. The combination of detrital zircon U-Pb and fission-track data demonstrates that the Gyirong basin sediments were sourced locally from the Tethyan Sedimentary Sequence. This provenance pattern indicates that deposition was controlled by the Gyirong fault, active since ~10 Ma, whose vertical throw was probably 〈 ~5000 m, rather than being controlled by normal faults associated with the STDS. The detrital thermochronology data contain two prominent age groups at ~37-41 and 15-18 Ma, suggesting rapid exhumation at these times. A 15-18 Ma phase of rapid exhumation has been recorded widely in both southern Tibet and the Himalaya. A possible interpretation for such a major regional exhumation event might be detachment of the subducting Indian plate slab during the middle Miocene, inducing dynamic uplift of the Indian plate overriding its own slab.
    Print ISSN: 0278-7407
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9194
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    HER2-positive patients receiving trastuzumab treatment have a comparable prognosis with HER2-negative advanced gastric cancer patients: A prospective cohort observation (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2013-10-25
    Description: The monoclonal antibody trastuzumab has brought survival benefit to patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) that have human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) over expression or amplification. This study was designed to compare the clinical outcomes of HER2-negative and HER2-positive AGC patients with or without trastuzumab treatment. There were three groups of patients enrolled for analysis. Group A was 51 HER2-positive AGC patients treated with trastuzumab and chemotherapy; group B was a matched control group of 47 HER2-positive patients who received chemotherapy only; group C was a matched group of 251 HER2-negative patients who received chemotherapy. All the patients were enrolled at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center or Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University between January 2010 and December 2012. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used for survival analysis. The median duration of follow-up was 13.5 months (range, 5-18.6 months). The median OS of these three groups of patients was 14.8 months, 11.3 months and 14.4 months respectively (P〈0.001). The survival difference between group A and B was significant, P〈0.001. Similarly, there was significant difference between group B and C, P〈0.001. Moreover the survival between group A and C was comparable, P=0.281. The median progression free survival for these three groups was 7.4, 6.0 and 7.2 months. Multivariate analysis confirmed that trastuzumab treatment was an independent prognostic factor in group A and B patients (P=0.017). HER2 positive was an independent adverse prognostic factor in group B and C patients (P=0.013). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0215
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 9
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    Identification of miR-214 as a negative regulator of colorectal cancer liver metastasis via regulation of FGFR1 expression (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-12
    Description: The purpose of this study is to identify miRNAs involved in the pathology of colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis and investigate their underlying mechanisms. A total of 39 miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed between 16 primary CRC tissues with liver metastases and 16 CRC tissues without liver metastases from 32 patients by Affymetric miRNA microarrays. A panel of 8 miRNAs were confirmed to be significantly and differentially expressed between CRC tissues with and without liver metastases through quantitative RT-PCR analysis in the 32 patients. In a validated cohort of 99 CRC patients (44 with and 55 without liver metastases), only miR-214 was validated to be significantly down-regulated in CRC with liver metastases, which was associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Ectopic expression of miR-214 suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro , tumor growth and liver metastasis in an in vivo xenograft mouse model; whereas miR-214 knockdown promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion in CRC cell lines. Further studies indicated that fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) was a potential target of miR-214. Restoring miR-214 expression in CRC cells decreased endogenous FGFR1 mRNA and protein levels. FGFR1 knockdown mimicked the tumor suppressive effect of miR-214 on CRC cells, while reintroduction of FGFR1 abolished the tumor suppressive effect of miR-214 on CRC cells. Moreover, miR-214 expression levels were inversely correlated with FGFR1 in CRC patients. Conclusion: Down-regulation of miR-214 expression was correlated with increased FGFR1 expression levels, which may contribute to increased CRC liver metastasis. miR-214 may serve as a potential marker to predict survival, and the miR-214-FGFR1 axis may be a therapeutic target in CRC patients. (H epatology 2014;)
    Print ISSN: 0270-9139
    Electronic ISSN: 1527-3350
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.
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  • 10
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    Empirical modeling of plasma-sheet pressure and three-dimensional force-balanced magnetospheric magnetic field structure: 1. Observation (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-25
    Description: [1]  A three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field configuration in force balance with a realistic plasma pressure distribution can provide more accurate evaluation of the role of magnetic field on plasma sheet dynamics and M-I coupling. We used Geotail and THEMIS data to establish an empirical model for nightside equatorial isotropic plasma pressure to r  = 30 R E for Kp = 0–5 and for solar wind dynamic pressure (P SW ) = 1.5 and 3 nPa. The model pressure is used in the companion paper for modeling a 3D force-balanced pressure and magnetic field equilibrium. Larger convection during higher Kp drives the plasma sheet further earthward, resulting in larger increase of pressure and pressure gradient at smaller radial distance. On the other hand, magnetosphere compression by increasing P SW enhances pressure and pressure gradient mainly in the tail plasma sheet. While both pressure and radial gradients are enhanced with increasing Kp or P SW , there is no significant azimuthal pressure variation statistically under all Kp and P SW conditions. The empirical pressures well reproduce these statistical profiles with very high correlation coefficients. Additionally, comparisons with pressure gradients computed using two simultaneous measurements from two THEMIS spacecraft show reasonable agreement. Furthermore, our model provides more accurate pressure gradients than previous empirical models. The model magnetic field distributions obtained in the companion paper from requiring force balance with these empirical pressure profiles are also found to be consistent with the magnetic field observations, indicating that our equilibria well represent realistic 3D pressure and magnetic field configurations.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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